Tsetse fly density and trypanosoma infection rate in Bedele and Dabo Hana districts of Buno Bedele Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Trypanosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosome and primarily transmitted by tsetse flies. This study aimed to determine the density of tsetse flies and the rate of trypanosome infection in the Bedele and Dabo Hana districts of the Buno Bedele Zone in Ethiopia. RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2023 to catch tsetse flies, determine tsetse density, and estimate the trypanosome infection rate. We used 100 traps (40 NGU, 30 pyramidal, and 30 biconical) to catch the flies. The following standard procedures were followed to identify the specific trypanosome species in the collected tsetse flies: The flies were dissected, and the salivary glands were removed. We placed the salivary glands in a drop of saline solution on a microscope slide. A coverslip was placed over the salivary glands, the slide was examined under a microscope, and the trypanosomes were identified based on their morphology. A total of 3,740 tsetse flies were captured from 100 traps, resulting in an overall apparent density of 18.7 flies per trap per day. Within the study area, only one species of tsetse fly, Glossina tachinoides, was identified. Of the 1,320 dissected Glossina tachinoides, 1.82% were found to be infected with trypanosome parasites. Among these infections, 58.33% were attributed to Trypanosoma congolense, while the remaining 41.67% were caused by Trypanosoma brucei. The infection rate of trypanosomes was significantly higher in female tsetse flies (87.5%) as compared to male flies (12.5%). Furthermore, a significantly higher infection rate was observed in flies older than 20 days (83.33%) and in hunger stage 1 flies (58.33%) compared to hunger stages 2, 3, and 4. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the necessity of implementing control and suppression measures targeting the vector (tsetse flies) and the parasite (trypanosomes) to effectively manage and prevent pathogenic animal trypanosomiasis.

Prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy slaughter cattle and personnel working at the Jimma municipal abattoir, south-West Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella species are among the most common food borne pathogens worldwide and their infection is one of the major global public health problems. During the last decade, multidrug resistant Salmonella species have greatly increased in humans and animals. So the aim of this study was to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella in apparently healthy slaughterer cattle and personnel working at the Jimma abattoir. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2016 at the Jimma abattoir. A total of 440 samples consisting of carcass swabs (n = 195), cattle feces (n = 195), and human stool (n = 50) were collected. Standard isolation and identification procedures were performed to identify Salmonella isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also carried out on each isolate. RESULTS: The overall proportion of Salmonella positive isolates was 9.5% in all samples, of which 11.3% were from carcass swabs, 5.6% from cattle feces, and 18% from human stool. All isolates were resistant to tasted antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: This study ascertains that Salmonella were widely distributed and significant proportions have developed resistance to routinely prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, there is needed to implement urgent intervention programs in study area.