Screening preschool children for fine motor skills: environmental influence.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gender and family factors on performance in the fine motor domain of the Denver II developmental screening test. [Subjects and Methods] Data were obtained from 2038 healthy children, 999 boys (49%) and 1039 girls (51%) in four age groups: 0-24 months (57%), 25-40 months (21.1%), 41-56 months (10.4%), and 57-82 months (11.5%). [Results] Female gender, higher maternal age, especially in children older than 24 months, and higher maternal education were associated with earlier accomplishment of fine motor items. Higher socioeconomic status was correlated with fine motor skills more noticeably at young ages. [Conclusion] The results of this study support the role of environmental factors in the interpretation of fine motor test results and point to target groups for intervention, such as infants in the low socioeconomic group and preschool children of less educated mothers. Studies in different populations may reveal particular patterns that affect child development.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI).

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement. BACKGROUND: The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is a patient reported outcome (PRO) measure with sound clinimetric properties and clinical viability for determination of upper limb function. PURPOSE-METHODS: The aims of this study were to cross-culturally adapt the ULFI for Turkish-speaking patients (ULFI-Tk) and investigate the reliability and validity in patients with upper limb problems. Patients (n=l02, age 49.1±16.6) with upper limb disorders were consecutively recruited. All participants completed the ULFI-Tk and the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Turkish-version (DASH-Tk) criterion at baseline and day-three. RESULTS: The ULFI-Tk demonstrated good internal consistency (α=0.87), moderate criterion validity (DASH-Tk:r=0.68;p<0.05), moderate reliability (ICC2:1=0.72,CI=0.58-0.80) and strong error measurement (SEM=2.94;MDC90=5.35). Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a dual factor structure that explained 31.2% of total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The ULFI-Tk is a reliable and valid PRO that could be used to assess upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in Turkish speaking patients LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Class 2.

Reliability and validity of a Turkish language version of the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate content and construct validity of a Turkish language version of the Bates Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) as well as its internal consistency and interrater reliability. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The study was conducted in 13 intensive care units that included patients with pressure ulcers; the units were located in a university hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The sample comprised 70 nurses and 20 patients who have stage II, III, and IV pressure ulcers. METHODS: Data were collected between January and April 2011. Content validity was measured using the Davis Technique. The BWAT was scored by 2 groups, nurses with expertise in wound care and staff nurses. An expert nurse and a ward nurse conducted pressure ulcer evaluation on the same patient consecutively in order to determine interrater reliability. We also measured internal consistency via the Cronbach α. RESULTS: The content validity agreement rate was 0.82. The interrater reliability of the instrument was 0.82; its internal consistency calculated via the Cronbach α was 0.85. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the Turkish language version of the BWAT as possessing content validity, interrater reliability and internal consistency.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Chronic Venous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20).

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a well-defined and known disorder which impact on related-health quality of life (QoL). The Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ) is a disease-specific instrument to measure the impact of chronic venous insufficiency on patients' lives. The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapted the Chronic Venous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) for Turkish-speaking patients and determine the psychometric properties of reliability, validity and factor structure in a Turkish population with CVD. METHODS: The CIVIQ-20 was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted using a double forward-backward protocol according to established guidelines. Individuals (n = 140) with venous diseases completed the CIVIQ-20, Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study (VEINES-QoL/Sym) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaires at baseline and 1 month later. RESULTS: Cronbach's α value was 0.93. Test-retest reliability was determined as moderate (ICC2:1 = 0.80). There was a significant correlation between CIVIQ-Tk and Nottingham and VEINES-QoL total scores (Nottingham 1: r = 0.770; p < 0.00, Nottingham 2: r = 0.7000; p < 0) (VEINES-QoL: r = -0.574; p < 0.00, VEINES-QoL 2: -0.592, p: 0.00). The measurement error were calculated from SEM and MDC90. The SEM was 2.63 and the MDC90 was 5.79. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a three factor structure that explained 56.32 % of total variance. CONCLUSION: The CVIQ-20 Turkish is a reliable and valid instrument for Turkish speaking patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Lower Limb Functional Index.

PURPOSE: This study aims to adapt culturally a Turkish version of the Lower Limb Functional Index (LLFI) and to determine its validity, reliability, internal consistency, measurement sensitivity and factor structure in lower limb problems. METHOD: The LLFI was translated into Turkish and cross-culturally adapted with a double forward-backward protocol that determined face and content validity. Individuals (n = 120) with lower limb musculoskeletal disorders completed the LLFI and Short Form-36 questionnaires and the Timed Up and Go physical test. The psychometric properties were evaluated for the all participants from patient-reported outcome measures made at baseline and repeated at day 3 to determine criterion between scores (Pearson's r), internal consistency (Cronbachs α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC2.1). Error was determined using standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change at the 90% level (MDC90), while factor structure was determined using exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction and Varimax rotation. RESULTS: The psychometric characteristics showed strong criterion validity (r = 0.74-0.76), high internal consistency (α = 0.82) and high test-retest reability (ICC2.1 = 0.97). The SEM of 3.2% gave an MDC90 = 5.8%. The factor structure was uni-dimensional. CONCLUSIONS: Turkish version of LLFI was found to be valid and reliable for the measurement of lower limb function in a Turkish population. Implications for Rehabilitation Lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders are common and greatly impact activities among the affected individuals pertaining to daily living, work, leisure and quality of life. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures have advantages as they are practical, cost-effective and clinically convenient for use in patient-centered care. The Lower Limb Functional Index is a recently validated PRO measure shown to have strong clinimetric properties.