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Introduction: The agricultural and livestock production of Brazil and Mexico stand out in the global scenario. In this context, this economic activity is one of the most vulnerable, presenting alarming incidence and prevalence rates of work-related accidents and diseases. Objectives: This study characterized and compared the occurrence of occupational accidents and musculoskeletal pain, as well as the health-related quality of life of Pantanal farm workers (pantaneiros) in Brazil and their equivalents in Mexico - the ganaderos. This study included 100 farm workers of the Brazilian municipality of Aquidauana, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, and the Mexican municipality of Atemajac the Brizuela, state of Jalisco. Methods: The research instruments used in this study were the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, a questionnaire on occupational accidents in rural areas, a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Results: Among the participants, 84% of the Brazilians and 90% of the Mexicans suffered some type of accident; 48% of the Brazilians and 28% of the Mexicans reported lower back pain; and 36% of the Brazilians and 42% of the Mexicans reported knee pain. Both the Brazilian and Mexican workers had the best score (90.6) for emotional aspects of health-related quality of life, in contrast with their worst scores: pain (19.4 for Brazilian workers, 13.8 for Mexican workers). Conclusions: These indicators imply that these workers are exposed to risks of accidents, pain, and illnesses that interfere with their health-related quality of life.
RESUMEN
Background: Low Protein-High Carbohydrate (LPHC) diet during pregnancy is considered a nutritional and health problem related to the development of maternal metabolic alterations, such as fatty liver and obesity in the perinatal and postnatal period. It is known that increase in visceral adiposity tissue (VAT) modulates maternal metabolic rate, with the respiratory quotient (RQ) being a parameter related to that variable; however, it is unknown whether LPHC intake during pregnancy affects the VAT and the RQ. In this study, we examine if consumption of LPHC during pregnancy modifies the VAT and RQ in early and late periods of pregnancy. Methods: This is a longitudinal and cross-sectional study with Wistar rats during gestation (G) (3, 8, 15, and 20) and nonpregnant rats. Rats were fed with a control diet with 63/18% carbohydrate/protein and an experimental diet with 79/6% carbohydrate/protein. We studied water and food consumption and metabolic parameters such as RQ and energy expenditure (EE), calculated by indirect calorimetry. In the cross-sectional study, we determined visceral fat, as well as the concentration of free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile in serum. Results: Nonpregnant rats with LPHC intake decreased significantly in VAT (86%) and the RQ (18%); in pregnant rats in early (8G) and late pregnancy (15G) in LPHC diet, both parameters (VAT and RQ) (25%-92%) increased during light time. When comparing time points during pregnancy in the control and LPHC groups, the RQ increased in 15G during daytime compared to 8G during the night period (17 and 5%, respectively). In late pregnancy, LPHC intake and triacylglyceride levels increased and cholesterol and glucose decreased (45 and 26%, respectively), in comparison to nonpregnant rats. Conclusions: LPHC intake in nonpregnant rats decreases the RQ and VAT. Interestingly, the opposite occurs in early pregnancy: the RQ and VAT increased, and this correlates with free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The increase in RQ and VAT during light time in early pregnancy increased mobilization of carbohydrate and protein metabolism. These results suggest that LPHC intake during pregnancy increases the glucose metabolism as a compensatory mechanism for energy needs in the fetus and the mother in early pregnancy.