Highly Enantioselective Cross-Electrophile Aryl-Alkenylation of Unactivated Alkenes.

Enantioselective cross-electrophile reactions remain a challenging subject in metal catalysis, and with respect to data, studies have mainly focused on stereoconvergent reactions of racemic alkyl electrophiles. Here, we report an enantioselective cross-electrophile aryl-alkenylation reaction of unactivated alkenes. This method provides access to a number of biologically important chiral molecules such as dihydrobenzofurans, indolines, and indanes. The incorporated alkenyl group is suitable for further reactions that can lead to an increase in molecular diversity and complexity. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature, and an easily accessible chiral pyrox ligand is used to afford products with high enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by enabling the modification of complex molecules such as peptides, indometacin, and steroids.

[The factor analysis of the incidence of complication in CT-guided lung automated cutting needle biopsy with extrapleural locating method].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complication rate and analyze its impact of multiple facts of CT-guided percutaneous lung automated cutting needle biopsies (ACNB) with extrapleural locating method (EPL). METHODS: Retrospective study where information was obtained from the department of medical imaging, the sign of complication after 480 cases CT-guided ACNB with EPL was observed and its relationship with multiple factors were analyzed by multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy was made in 456 cases (95.0%). The length of the biopsy procedures was 16 ± 2 min and the time of the biopsy needle in pulmonary parenchyma was < 20 s. Seventy-one (14.8%) cases presented pneumothorax which include 7 (1.5%) cases later pneumothorax, and 2 (0.4%) required chest tube insertions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emphysema, depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path and lesion size were sole effective factors of pneumothorax (OR = 7.991, 1.083, and 0.945 respectively). Lesions with emphysema, depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path and lesion size ≤ 10 mm had higher pneumothorax rates. Eight-seven (18.1%) cases presented pulmonary hemorrhage and twenty-six (5.4%) presented hemoptysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path, emphysema, and number of pleural needle passes were sole effective factors (OR = 1.143, 0.712, and 0.521, respectively) of pulmonary hemorrhage. In patients with depth > 10 mm or 20 mm, emphysema and number of pleural needle passes had higher hemorrhage rates. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path and emphysema were sole effective factors (OR = 1.077, and 0.578, respectively) of hemoptysis. Lesions with depth > 20 mm had higher hemoptysis rate. One case with pulmonary Cryptococcus presented pleural reaction, and three cases had the insistent pain. The total number of severe complications was 15 (3.1%) cases. CONCLUSION: ACNB with EPL was an accurate method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions. ACNB can be safely performed, which reduces the rate of pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Pneumothorax rate was influenced by emphysema, depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path and lesion size ≤ 10 mm. Hemorrhage was related with depth >10 mm or 20 mm, emphysema and number of pleural needle passes. Hemoptysis was related with depth of intrapulmonal biopsy path >20 mm. Later and severe complications should be considered in procedure.

Allylboronates from Vinyl Triflates and α-Chloroboronates by Reductive Nickel Catalysis.

Allylboronates are unique building blocks widely used in organic synthesis, but the construction of cyclic allylboranates remains a challenging subject. We demonstrate here a mild and efficient access to this type of compound through the cross-electrophile coupling of vinyl triflates and α-chloroboronates. The reaction proceeded with a good substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The ready availability of vinyl triflates from ketones, as well as the rich chemistry of allylboranates, makes our method suitable for the divergent modification of biologically active compounds. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that α-chloroboronates were activated via a radical process.

Clinical and radiographic observations from four patients with primary hepatic lymphoma.

The aim of the present study was to delineate the radiographic and clinical features of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL). Four histopathologically confirmed cases of PHL were analyzed with respect to the radiological, clinical and pathological characteristics. The main clinical manifestations included upper right quadrant pain and lymphoma-associated B symptoms, such as fever, night sweating and weight loss. All the patients had elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, all the patients underwent plain and enhanced computed tomography examinations, which identified low-density lesions without marked enhancement. Solitary masses were observed in two cases, while multiple focal lesions were noted in one case and diffuse multi-speckled nodules were observed in one case. Two patients underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed lesions that were hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging (WI) scans and hypointense on T2WI scans, and exhibited slight to moderate enhancement with a dynamic contrast-enhanced protocol. In one case, vessels were visible within the lesion. Therefore, the present study concluded that PHL is a rare condition that exhibits non-specific clinical and radiological features. A combination of imaging results and clinical manifestations can be used to facilitate a diagnosis of PHL.

Preoperative CT findings of thymoma are correlated with postoperative Masaoka clinical stage.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Both preoperative computed tomography (CT) staging and postoperative surgical Masaoka clinical staging are of great clinical importance for diagnosing thymomas. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between these two staging systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 129 patients who had undergone thymoma surgery. Helical CT and 16-slice CT were performed preoperatively. Surgical findings were evaluated according to the Masaoka clinical staging system. RESULTS: A significant association was shown between Masaoka clinical staging and CT staging, especially of features including tumor size (P = .004), tumor shape (P < .001), tumor density (P < .001), capsule completeness (P < .001), and involvement of surrounding tissues (P < .001). Based on the CT findings, there were 35.09% of Masaoka stage I patients who had a tumor size <5 cm as compared to 14.81% of stage IV patients. Only 8.77% of Masaoka stage I patients had a tumor size ≥10 cm as compared to 40.74% of stage IV patients. In stages III and IV, most tumors were irregularly shaped with an uneven density and incomplete capsule. Invasive tumors were more frequently found in stages III (81.48%) and IV (88.89%) than in stages I (0%) and II (38.89%). The incidence of myasthenia gravis was comparable in different stages. Consistency between CT and Masaoka clinical stages was higher in stage I (37.98%) than other stages (approximately 10%). CONCLUSION: This study documented a close relationship between preoperative CT thymoma staging and postoperative Masaoka clinical staging. Thus, preoperative CT findings can be beneficial for determining the proper management and prognosis of thymoma patients.