Insights into the role of strontium in catalytic combustion of toluene over La1-xSrxCoO3 perovskite catalysts.

A series of LaCoO3 perovskite catalysts substituted by Sr in the A site (La1-xSrxCoO3) were prepared via a facile sol-gel method. The catalytic activity of these perovskite catalysts for the deep oxidation of toluene was evaluated. It was found that Sr substitution significantly enhanced the redox properties, the concentration of oxygen vacancies, and surface Co3+ active species via an electron interaction between Sr and Co from the results of Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR (temperature programmed reduction), O2-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Typically, La0.82Sr0.18CoO3 (L0.82S0.18C) exhibited a superior catalytic performance among these samples owing to its best reducibility and highest number of active species. Kinetic analysis further revealed a higher reaction rate (5.1 × 10-7 mol g-1·s-1 at 210 °C) and a lower apparent activation energy (69.1 kJ mol-1) for toluene oxidation on the L0.82S0.18C sample in comparison to those on the others. In situ DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) confirmed the easy desorption of immediate products from the surface of the L0.82S0.18C sample, which could be responsible for its remarkable performance. These results could provide an efficient strategy for promoting the toluene oxidation through finely tuning the reducibility and surface active phase of the catalysts.

HIV/AIDS-related hyponatremia: an old but still serious problem.

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitals. Many medical illnesses, including congestive heart failure, liver failure, renal failure and pneumonia, may be associated with hyponatremia. In addition, hyponatremia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) was first reported in 1993. The evidence suggests that severe hyponatremia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients; however, the incidence of hyponatremic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients remains very high in clinical practice, as almost 40% of HIV/AIDS inpatients in Xinjiang, a developing region of China, are hyponatremic. A method for identifying the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatments for hyponatremia in HIV/AIDS patients is needed. This review focuses on the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of hyponatremia and highlights the causes, presentation and treatment recommendations for hyponatremic patients with HIV/AIDS.

Efficacy and safety of ciprofol (HSK3486) for procedural sedation and anesthesia induction in surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ciprofol (HSK3486) is a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor agonist that has attracted wide attention because of its lower injection pain and fewer adverse events. We summarized all available evidence and analyzed the efficacy and safety of ciprofol during procedural sedation and anesthesia induction. Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, and the VIP Chinese Journal Service platform was conducted from inception of databases to March 1, 2023. Risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used separately for binary categorical and continuous variables. We performed trial sequential analysis and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to judge the certainty of evidence. Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trials with 2441 patients were included in this study. Ciprofol showed similar advantages to propofol in terms of induction success rate (RR = 1, 95 % CI = 0.99, 1.01, moderate certainty) and induction time (MD = 3.31, 95 % CI = -0.34, 6.95, low certainty), but did not increase the incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.88, 95 % CI = 0.78, 1.00, very low certainty), such as bradycardia (RR = 0.96, 95 % CI = 0.77, 1.21, high certainty), hypoxia (RR = 0.79, 95 % CI = 0.46, 1.37, p = 0.40, moderate certainty) and other adverse events. Although it may be associated with a longer time to be fully alert (MD = 1.22, 95 % CI = 0.32, 2.12, very low certainty), ciprofol significantly reduced injection pain (RR = 0.15, 95 % CI 0.09, 0.24, low certainty) and may have reduced the incidence of hypotension (RR = 0.77, 95 % CI = 0.63, 0.94, low certainty) and respiratory depression (RR = 0.29, 95 % CI = 0.15, 0.56, moderate certainty). Conclusion: Ciprofol and propofol had similar effects on most outcomes. While the time to full alertness may be prolonged, injection pain was significantly reduced, and hypotension and respiratory depression may be reduced compared with propofol. We believe that ciprofol is an effective alternative to intravenous anesthetic agents.

Effect of e-health intervention on disease management in patients with chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of e-health interventions on disease management in patients with CHF. Methods: Six databases including Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO were searched by computer. The search time is before May 1, 2022. Odds ratios (OR) were used for binary categorical data and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous variables. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to express the effect sizes for both count and measurement data. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 were employed to complete this meta-analysis. Results: The study included 22 research studies and 5,149 patients. e-health intervention can effectively reduce all-cause mortality [OR = 0.801, 95%CI: (0.650, 0.987), P < 0.05], all-cause hospitalization rate [OR = 0.66, 95%CI: (0.46, 0.95), P < 0.05] and heart failure related hospitalization rate [OR = 0.750, 95%CI: (0.632, 0.891), P < 0.05]. e-health intervention is also effective in improving the quality of life [WMD = 2.97, 95%CI: (1.54, 4.40), P < 0.05] and the self-management ability of patients [WMD = -2.76, 95%CI: (-5.52, -0.11), P < 0.05]. Conclusion: e-health interventions can reduce all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and heart failure-related hospitalization in patients with CHF. Furthermore, it can improve the health-related quality of life of patients.