A Rare Case of Occult Advanced Uterine Adenocarcinoma With a Neoplastic Enterouterine Fistula on Presentation.

Enterouterine fistula is a rare complication of endometrial carcinoma, typically associated with a clinical presentation of malodorous vaginal discharge. We present a case of occult metastatic endometrial cancer with an initial presentation of embolic stroke, further complicated by an incidental finding of enterouterine fistula on imaging. This case uniquely describes a patient with no symptoms suggestive of uterine malignancy or enterouterine fistula, highlighting a rare presentation of this occult malignancy and further emphasizing the importance of preventative screening.

A Rare Case of Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis With Skeletal Osteosclerotic Lesions on Presentation: A Diagnostic Conundrum.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mast cell proliferation. SM often presents with non-specific symptoms making it a diagnostic challenge. Moreover, presentation with bone involvement is highly uncommon. Here, we report a rare case of SM in a 68-year-old female who initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and was later found to have sclerotic bone lesions on imaging. This case highlights an unusual presentation of SM, informing clinicians of the importance of keeping this disease process on the differential list of diagnostic conundrums.

Predictive value of initial imaging and staging with long-term outcomes in young adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate how initial abdominopelvic CT findings and staging correlate with outcomes in a cohort of patients aged 18-40 years. METHODS: We evaluated all young adult patients at a single tertiary center diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed CRC who also had CT of the abdomen and pelvis at the time of initial diagnosis. Demographics, symptoms, CT findings, staging, treatments, and outcomes at 1 year and 5 years were recorded. RESULTS: Of 91 patients who met initial inclusion criteria, 81.8% had a mass present on CT, with an average size of 4.8 cm ± 2.9. A majority of patients were surgical stage III or IV (64.3%). Advanced AJCC stage was more common with rectal tumors and metastatic disease on initial CT (p < 0.0001). In a subgroup analysis, almost all patients initially staged 4A or higher had progression of disease. At the final follow-up visit, by RECIST 1.1 criteria, 58.8% had progressive disease, 35.3% complete response, and 3.9% stable disease. The overall 5-year survival rate in this subgroup was 40% with lower survival probability with increasing stage (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most young adult patients presented with large tumors on imaging, increasing the likelihood of identification on CT. Tumors initially presenting in the rectum with enlarged lymph nodes and/or with distant metastases on CT were more often associated with advanced surgical stage and poorer prognosis. A majority of patients presented at an advanced stage, most commonly stage 4A, and had progression of disease at follow-up.

Deep learning beyond cats and dogs: recent advances in diagnosing breast cancer with deep neural networks.

Deep learning has demonstrated tremendous revolutionary changes in the computing industry and its effects in radiology and imaging sciences have begun to dramatically change screening paradigms. Specifically, these advances have influenced the development of computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems. These technologies have long been thought of as "second-opinion" tools for radiologists and clinicians. However, with significant improvements in deep neural networks, the diagnostic capabilities of learning algorithms are approaching levels of human expertise (radiologists, clinicians etc.), shifting the CAD paradigm from a "second opinion" tool to a more collaborative utility. This paper reviews recently developed CAD systems based on deep learning technologies for breast cancer diagnosis, explains their superiorities with respect to previously established systems, defines the methodologies behind the improved achievements including algorithmic developments, and describes remaining challenges in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. We also discuss possible future directions for new CAD models that continue to change as artificial intelligence algorithms evolve.

Complex Vascular Ring Diagnosed on Cardiovascular MR in a 3-Day-Old Infant.

Prenatal ultrasonography in the early third trimester showed an unusual branching pattern of the right aortic arch. Echocardiography performed 4 h after birth showed the right aortic arch with mirror-image branching, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent foramen ovale. Because the location of the ductus arteriosus was unclear on echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 days after birth. Advanced techniques including contrast-enhanced time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography and 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography allowed accurate diagnosis of a vascular ring comprising ascending and descending aorta, right aortic arch with mirror-image branching, and diverticulum of Kommerell giving rise to a left ligamentum arteriosum. The infant had hiccups, but no other symptoms. The esophagram was negative for obstruction. The infant was closely monitored; however, she developed esophageal obstruction at 7 months of age because of the vascular ring. She underwent lysis of the left ligamentum arteriosum followed by aortopexy for relief of esophageal obstruction. This report shows the utility of neonatal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate complex congenital aortic arch anomalies.

Concurrent Multiple Myeloma and Metastatic Osteosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) and osteosarcoma (OS) are two common bone malignancies, however, the simultaneous occurrence of both primary bone tumors in the same patient has not been reported in the United States to date. We present a unique case in which both malignancies present concurrently in a 72-year-old man. Results of spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiographic skeletal survey, and hematological workup established the initial diagnosis of MM. Approximately three months later, the patient was admitted with severe right hip pain and shortness of breath and was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) of the right hip, abdomen, pelvis, and chest, revealing an osseous mass with a "sunburst" pattern in the right hip, and several calcified nodules in the lungs. Subsequent wedge resection and histological evaluation of the lung nodules confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic OS to the lungs, with a presumptive diagnosis of primary OS of the right hip. The clinical findings and imaging characteristics in this case are presented. Two similar cases found in the literature are also briefly discussed. The findings of this case report suggest that, in rare instances, MM patients with sclerotic bone findings may have a concurrent diagnosis of OS.