Simplified urethral score system for predicting complex anterior urethroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To assess U-score individual values as urethral complex surgery predictors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including patients who received anterior urethroplasty from 2011 to 2019. U-score (etiology (1-2 points), number of strictures (1-2 points), anatomic location (1-2 points) and length (1-3 points)) was measured individually and globally. Surgical complexity was defined as low (anastomotic, buccal mucosal graft, and augmented anterior urethroplasty), and high complexity (double buccal mucosal graft, flap, and graft/flap combination). U-score components were included as complex surgery predictor and as main variable with individual probability values estimations and comparisons. Risk complex surgery probability groups were established. RESULTS: 654 patients were included. Mean age was 57.2 years. Low complexity surgery was performed in 464 patients (259 anastomotic, 144 graft, 61 augmented anterior urethroplasty) and high complexity was done in 190 (53 double buccal mucosa graft, 27 flap, 110 graft/flap comb.). In multivariate analysis length, number of strictures and location were predictors of complexity. Introducing U-Score as only variable in univariate model predicted an OR 8.52 (95%CI 6.1-11). Simplified U-score grouping set obtained by complex probability was: low risk (4-5 points), medium risk (6 points) and high risk of complexity (7-9 points) Predicted risk of complex surgery probability (95%CI) for low, median and high risk group were 1.6 (0-2.9), 19.1 (13.8-25.9) and 77.9 (61.6-88.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: U-score can be used as a tool to predict complex urethral surgery. We present a simplified U-score risk tool to assess individual complex anterior urethroplasty probability.

Flexible ureteroscopy without ureteral access sheath.

INTRODUCTION: Ureteral access sheath (UAS) is widely used in flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURS) based on better stone-free rates, lower intrarenal pressure and fewer complications. However, it also rises surgical costs and may injure the ureteral wall. The main objective of our study is to compare safety and efficacy of FURS with and without UAS to evaluate whether its use is justified in all cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational analytic study based on a prospective database. A total of 241 consecutive patients who underwent FURS for upper ureter and renal stones between January 2018 and May 2020 were included for analysis and divided into two groups upon UAS use. We compared demographic data, stone characteristics, prestenting, operative time, need for ureteral stent, postoperative urinary tract infection, renal colic and need for ancillary procedures. RESULTS: A total of 198 patients (82.2%) were included in the group without UAS. Operative time was significantly shorter in the group of patients without UAS than those with UAS (64.6 minutes ± 29.5 vs. 89.9 minutes ± 2.8 respectively; p 0.010). Both groups had similar rates of colic pain and urinary tract infection. Ancillary procedures were more frequent in the UAS group (37.2 vs. 21.2%; p 0.026), but significance was lost in multivariate assessment. CONCLUSION: FURS without UAS seems to be as safe as FURS with UAS but requires less ancillary procedures. An additional advantage is shorter operative time.

Postoperative urinary extravasation does not impact anterior urethroplasty surgical outcomes: a Latin American large cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of postoperative urinary extravasation (POUE) following anterior urethroplasty, to analyze factors associated with its occurrence, and to study the impact of POUE on surgical success. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including all male patients who have undergone a urethroplasty at our center between 2011 and 2018. Subjects with posterior location stricture, those who did not undergo routine radiographic follow-up, or patients with inadequate follow-up were excluded. Urinary extravasation was defined as presence of evident contrast extravasation on the postoperative voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Impact was determined as "need-for-reoperation". Uni- and multivariate analysis were performed to determine clinical and demographic variables associated with occurrence of extravasation and postoperative stricture. RESULTS: A total of 783 men underwent a urethroplasty and 630 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Urinary extravasation prevalence was 12.2%, and there was a "need-for-reoperation" in 1.1% of cases. On uni- and multivariate analysis, greatest stricture length (HR: 1.07 (1-1.2), p = 0.05) and penile urethral location (HR: 2.29 (1.1-4.6), p = 0.021) showed to be POUE predictors. POUE did not show to be a risk factor for postoperative stricture (HR: 1.57, 95% CI (0.8-3), p = 0.173). However, reoperation group  showed to be a risk factor (HR: 6.6, 95% CI 1.4-31, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of POUE was 12.2%. Stricture length and penile urethral strictures were POUE predictors. POUE occurrence with successful conservative management did not appear to have impact on urethroplasty outcomes as it did not predict re-stricture. POUE was reoperation cause in 1.1% of total cases.

Prognostic value of perirenal and/or sinus fat infiltration in patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma: A multicentre cohort study. LARCG Group. / Valor pronóstico de la invasión de grasa perirrenal y/o del seno en pacientes con carcinoma de células renales pT3a: estudio de cohorte multicéntrico. Grupo LARCG.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), relapse-free survival, local and distant (LRFS and DRFS, respectively) rates in patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) considering the perirenal and/or sinus fat infiltration (FI) as prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort of patients with pT3a RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. The data were extracted from the LARCG (Latin American Renal Cancer Group) database. The demographic, clinical, pathological and surgical variables were evaluated. FI was divided into 4 groups (vein, perirenal, sinus and both fats infiltration). The Kaplan Meier and Cox regression curves were performed. RESULTS: 293 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 61.4 years. The median follow-up was 21 months (r: 1-194). CSS, RFS, LRFS and DRFS estimated at 3 years in the group of both fats' infiltration were 53.1, 45.1, 58.7 and 51.6 months, respectively, and always statistically lower than the rest (P˂0.005). In the multivariate analysis, the infiltration of both fats significantly increased specific mortality, overall and local relapse with respect to vein infiltration (HR: 4.5, 2.42 and 8.08, respectively). The Fuhrman grade and renal pelvis infiltration were independent predictors of CSS and RFS. CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration of both fats increases the risk of overall and local relapse in pT3a RCC. In the same way, it is associated with a lower cancer-specific survival and should be considered as a factor of poor prognosis.

Sistema de puntuación uretral (U-score) simplificado para predecir la uretroplastia anterior compleja / Simplified urethral score system for predicting complex anterior urethroplasty

Objetivo: Evaluar los valores individuales del U-score como factores predictores de la cirugía uretral compleja.Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluye a los pacientes que recibieron una uretroplastia anterior entre 2011 y 2019. Se midieron las variables del U-score (etiología [1-2 puntos], número de estenosis [1-2 puntos], localización anatómica (1-2 puntos) y longitud [1-3 puntos]) de manera individual y total. La complejidad quirúrgica se definió como baja (anastomosis, injerto de mucosa oral y uretroplastia anterior ampliada) y alta (injerto doble de mucosa oral, colgajo y combinación de injerto y colgajo). Los componentes del U-score se incluyeron como predictores de cirugía compleja y como variables principales con estimaciones y comparaciones de los valores de probabilidad individuales. Se establecieron grupos según la probabilidad de riesgo de cirugía compleja.Resultados: Se incluyeron 654 pacientes. La edad media fue de 57,2 años. Se realizó cirugía de baja complejidad en 464 pacientes (259 anastomosis, 144 injertos, 61 uretroplastia anterior aumentada) y de alta complejidad en 190 (53 injerto doble de mucosa oral, 27 colgajo, 110 combinación injerto/colgajo). En el análisis multivariante, la longitud, el número de estenosis y la localización fueron predictores de complejidad. La introducción del U-score como única variable en el modelo univariante predijo una OR de 8,52 (IC 95%: 6,1-11). Los grupos del U-score simplificado obtenidos por probabilidad de complejidad fueron: riesgo bajo (4-5 puntos), riesgo intermedio (6 puntos) y riesgo alto de complejidad (7-9 puntos) La predicción del riesgo de probabilidad de cirugía compleja (IC 95%) para el grupo de riesgo bajo, medio y alto fue de 1,6 (0-2,9), 19,1 (13,8-25,9) y 77,9 (61,6-88,7), respectivamente.Conclusiones: El U-score puede utilizarse como una herramienta predictiva de la cirugía uretral compleja. Presentamos la herramienta de riesgo U-score simplificado para evaluar

Objective: To assess U-score individual values as urethral complex surgery predictors.Methods: Cross-sectional study including patients who received anterior urethroplasty from 2011 to 2019. U-score (etiology (1-2 points), number of strictures (1-2 points), anatomic location (1-2 points) and length (1-3 points)) was measured individually and globally. Surgical complexity was defined as low (anastomotic, buccal mucosal graft, and augmented anterior urethroplasty), and high complexity (double buccal mucosal graft, flap, and graft/flap combination). U-score components were included as complex surgery predictor and as main variable with individual probability values estimations and comparisons. Risk complex surgery probability groups were established.Results: 654 patients were included. Mean age was 57.2 years. Low complexity surgery was performed in 464 patients (259 anastomotic, 144 graft, 61 augmented anterior urethroplasty) and high complexity was done in 190 (53 double buccal mucosa graft, 27 flap, 110 graft/flap comb.). In multivariate analysis length, number of strictures and location were predictors of complexity. Introducing U-Score as only variable in univariate model predicted an OR 8.52 (95%CI 6.1-11). Simplified U-score grouping set obtained by complex probability was: low risk (4-5 points), medium risk (6 points) and high risk of complexity (7-9 points) Predicted risk of complex surgery probability (95%CI) for low, median and high risk group were 1.6 (0-2.9), 19.1 (13.8-25.9) and 77.9 (61.6-88.7), respectively.Conclusions: U-score can be used as a tool to predict complex urethral surgery. We present a simplified U-score risk tool to assess individual complex anterior urethroplasty probability (AU)

Ureteroscopia flexible sin vaina de acceso ureteral / Flexible ureteroscopy without ureteral access sheath

Introducción: La vaina de acceso ureteral (VAU) se utiliza ampliamente en la ureteroscopia flexible con litotricia con láser (URSF) por sus mejores tasas de estado libre de cálculos, menor presión intrarrenal y menos complicaciones. Sin embargo, también aumenta los costes quirúrgicos y puede lesionar la pared ureteral. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es comparar la seguridad y la eficacia de la URSF con y sin VAU para evaluar la justificación de su uso en todos los casos.Materiales y métodos: Hemos llevado a cabo un estudio analítico observacional retrospectivo con una base de datos prospectiva. Se incluyeron para el análisis un total de 241 pacientes consecutivos que se sometieron a URSF para el tratamiento de cálculos renales y de uréter superior entre enero de 2018 y mayo de 2020 y se dividieron en dos grupos según el uso dela VAU. Se compararon los datos demográficos, las características de los cálculos, la presentación, el tiempo operatorio, la necesidad de catéter ureteral, la infección urinaria posoperatoria, el cólico renal y la necesidad de procedimientos adicionales.Resultados: Un total de 198 pacientes (82,2%) conformaron el grupo sin VAU. El tiempo operatorio fue significativamente menor en el grupo de pacientes sin VAU que en los tratados con VAU (64,6 minutos ± 29,5 vs. 89,9 minutos ±2,8, respectivamente; p 0,010). Ambos grupos presentaron tasas similares de dolor renal e infección del tracto urinario. Los procedimientos auxiliares fueron más frecuentes en el grupo con VAU (37,2 vs. 21,2%; p 0,026), pero no hubo significación en el análisis multivariante.Conclusión: La URSF sin VAU parece ser tan segura como la URSF con VAU, pero requiere menos procedimientos adicionales. Otra de las ventajas es un menor tiempo operatorio (AU)

Introduction: Ureteral access sheath (UAS) is widely used in flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURS) based on better stone-free rates, lower intrarenal pressure and fewer complications. However, it also rises surgical costs and may injure the ureteral wall. The main objective of our study is to compare safety and efficacy of FURS with and without UAS to evaluate whether its use is justified in all cases.Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective observational analytic study based on a prospective database. A total of 241 consecutive patients who underwent FURS for upper ureter and renal stones between January 2018 and May 2020 were included for analysis and divided into two groups upon UAS use. We compared demographic data, stone characteristics, prestenting, operative time, need for ureteral stent, postoperative urinary tract infection, renal colic and need for ancillary procedures.Results: A total of 198 patients (82.2%) were included in the group without UAS. Operative time was significantly shorter in the group of patients without UAS than those with UAS (64.6 minutes ± 29.5 vs. 89.9 minutes ± 2.8 respectively; p 0.010). Both groups had similar rates of colic pain and urinary tract infection. Ancillary procedures were more frequent in the UAS group (37.2 vs. 21.2%; p 0.026), but significance was lost in multivariate assessment.Conclusion: FURS without UAS seems to be as safe as FURS with UAS but requires less ancillary procedures. An additional advantage is shorter operative time (AU)

Valor pronóstico de la invasión de grasa perirrenal y/o del seno en pacientes con carcinoma de células renales pT3a: estudio de cohorte multicéntrico. Grupo LARCG / Prognostic value of perirenal and/or sinus fat infiltration in patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma: A multicentre cohort study. LARCG Group

Introducción y objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las tasas de sobrevida global (OS), la sobrevida específica del cáncer (CSS), la sobrevida libre de recaída global (RFS), la sobrevida tiempo libre hasta la recaída local (LRFS) y la sobrevida tiempo libre hasta la recaída a distancia (DRFS), en los pacientes con carcinoma de células renales (CCR) pT3a considerando a la infiltración de grasa (FI) perirrenal y/o sinusal como factores pronósticos. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con CCR pT3a sometidos a cirugía. Los datos se extrajeron de la base de datos LARCG. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, clínicas, patológicas y quirúrgicas. La FI se dividió en 4 grupos (vena, perirrenal, sinusal y ambas grasas). Se realizaron curvas de Kaplan-Meier y regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 293 pacientes. La edad media fue de 61,4 años. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 21 meses (r: 1-194). La CSS, la RFS, el LRFS y el DRFS estimadas a 3 años en el grupo de ambas grasas infiltradas fueron 53,1, 45,1, 58,7 y 51,6 meses, respectivamente, en todos los casos estadísticamente inferiores al resto (p ˂ 0,005). En el análisis multivariable, la infiltración de ambas grasas tuvo un aumento significativo de mortalidad específica, recaída global y local con respecto a infiltración de venas (HR: 4,5, 2,42 y 8,08, respectivamente). El grado de Fuhrman y la infiltración de la pelvis renal fueron predictores independientes de la CSS y la RFS. Conclusiones: La infiltración de ambas grasas renales aumenta el riesgo de recaída global y local en pT3a RCC. Del mismo modo, se asocia con una menor sobrevida específica del cáncer, debiendo considerarse como un factor de mal pronóstico

Introduction and objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), relapse-free survival, local and distant (LRFS and DRFS, respectively) rates in patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) considering the perirenal and/or sinus fat infiltration (FI) as prognostic factors. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with pT3a RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. The data were extracted from the LARCG (Latin American Renal Cancer Group) database. The demographic, clinical, pathological and surgical variables were evaluated. FI was divided into 4 groups (vein, perirenal, sinus and both fats infiltration). The Kaplan Meier and Cox regression curves were performed. Results: 293 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 61.4 years. The median follow-up was 21 months (r: 1-194). CSS, RFS, LRFS and DRFS estimated at 3 years in the group of both fats’ infiltration were 53.1, 45.1, 58.7 and 51.6 months, respectively, and always statistically lower than the rest (P ˂ 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, the infiltration of both fats significantly increased specific mortality, overall and local relapse with respect to vein infiltration (HR: 4.5, 2.42 and 8.08, respectively). The Fuhrman grade and renal pelvis infiltration were independent predictors of CSS and RFS. Conclusions: Infiltration of both fats increases the risk of overall and local relapse in pT3a RCC. In the same way, it is associated with a lower cancer-specific survival and should be considered as a factor of poor prognosis