A systematic review of evidence-based interventions for child and adolescent mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Treatments for mental health problems in childhood and adolescence have advanced in the last 15 years. Despite advances in research, most of the evidence on effective interventions comes from high-income countries, while evidence is scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of world's children and adolescents live. The aim of this review was to identify evidence-based interventions tested in LMICs to treat or prevent child and adolescent mental health problems. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of seven major electronic databases, from January 2007 to July 2019. We included randomised or non-randomised clinical trials that evaluated interventions for children or adolescents aged 6 to 18 years living in LMICs and who had, or were at risk of developing, one or more mental health problems. Results were grouped according to the studied conditions. Due to the heterogeneity of conditions, interventions and outcomes, we performed a narrative synthesis. The review was registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42019129376. FINDINGS: Of 127,466 references found through our search strategy, 107 studies were included in narrative synthesis after the eligibility verification processes. Nineteen different conditions and nine types of interventions were addressed by studies included in the review. Over 1/3 of studied interventions were superior to comparators, with psychoeducation and psychotherapy having the highest proportion of positive results. One-third of studies were classified as presenting low risk of bias. INTERPRETATION: This review shows that different interventions have been effective in LMICs and have the potential to close the mental health care gap among children and adolescents in low-resource settings.

"Inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension across the capitals in different regions of Brazil: a population-based study".

BACKGROUND: To guarantee prevention and adequate treatment, as required for the population to have access to health services and technologies, including medicines. The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic and regional inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension among the adult population in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with adults aged 18 and over from the VIGITEL study conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian regions. Non-access to antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs was assessed according to formal education and housing macro-region. The slope index of inequality (SII) was used to analyse absolute inequalities. RESULTS: The total number of individuals interviewed was 52,443. Approximately 10.0% of the people with diabetes and/or hypertension reported not having access to drug treatment. The major means for having access to antihypertensive drugs, in all regions, was private pharmacies; for antidiabetics, in the North region, people had greater access through private pharmacies, while in the Northeast, Southeast and South, they had greater access through the public sector. Inequalities were found in the lack of access to medicines according to the region of residence, especially in the North region. CONCLUSION: The lack of access to medicines showed regional disparities, particularly in the most economically vulnerable regions.

N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine for patients with prolonged hypotension does not decrease acute kidney injury incidence: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to test the primary hypothesis that in patients suffering from shock, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus deferoxamine (DFX) decreases the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a general intensive care unit in an academic hospital. Patients were included if they had new-onset hypotension, defined as mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg or requirement for vasopressor medication. A loading dose of NAC or placebo of 50 mg/kg in 4 h was administered intravenously. After the loading dose, patients received 100 mg/kg/day for the next 48 h. DFX or placebo was administered once at 1000 mg at a rate of 15/mg/kg/h. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of AKI was 67 % in the placebo arm and 65 % in the treatment group (relative risk (RR) 0.89 (0.35-2.2)). Furthermore, NAC plus DFX was effective in decreasing the severity and duration of AKI, and patients in the treatment group had lower serum creatinine levels at discharge. No severe adverse event associated with treatment was reported. The effects of NAC plus DFX could be secondary to the attenuation of early inflammatory response and oxidative damage. CONCLUSION: The administration of NAC plus DFX to critically ill patients who had a new episode of hypotension did not decrease the incidence of AKI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00870883 (Registered 25 March 2009.).

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. CONCLUSION: IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential. MAIN RESULTS: Intimate partner violence (IPV) was observed in 13.6% of pregnant women and was associated with poorer quality of life in the physical, psychological and social relationship domains. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results emphasize the need for an intersectoral approach in addressing the issue, with specialized healthcare centers for situations of violence integrated with social assistance and public security. PERSPECTIVES: Development of intersectoral policies and actions that strengthen existing ones and ensure social and healthcare assistance to pregnant women victims of violence and their children, given the negative impact of IPVP on quality of life.

Hypomagnesemia as a risk factor for the non-recovery of the renal function in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hypomagnesemia as a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and non-recovery of renal function in critically ill patients. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted by collecting data from March to June 2011 in 232 patients who were admitted into an intensive care unit (ICU). Magnesium serum levels were measured daily during ICU stay. Hypomagnesemia was defined as an episode of serum magnesium concentration of <0.70 mmol/L during ICU stay. The Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria were used to define AKI. Renal function recovery was defined as an absence of AKI by the RIFLE criteria over a 48-h period, or at ICU discharge, in the patients who developed AKI during ICU stay. RESULTS: The presence of hypomagnesemia was similar in patients with or without AKI (47 and 62%, respectively, P = 0.36). The presence of hypomagnesemia was higher in patients who did not recover renal function when compared with patients who recovered renal function (70 versus 31%, P = 0.003). A multivariate analysis identified hypomagnesemia as an independent risk factor for non-recovery of renal function (P = 0.005). Patients with and without hypomagnesemia had similar mortality rates (P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: Hypomagnesemia was an independent risk factor for non-recovery of renal function in a cohort of critically ill AKI patients.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonism induces protection from lethal sepsis: involvement of toll-like receptor 4 signaling.

In sepsis, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 modulates the migration of neutrophils to infectious foci, favoring bacteremia and mortality. In experimental sepsis, organ dysfunction and cytokines released by activated macrophages can be reduced by gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (GRPR) antagonist RC-3095. Here we report a link between GRPR and TLR-4 in experimental models and in sepsis patients. RAW 264.7 culture cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and RC-3095 (10 ng/mL). Male Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and RC-3095 was administered (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously); after 6 h, we removed the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, peritoneal lavage and lung. Human patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis received a continuous infusion with RC-3095 (3 mg/kg, intravenous) over a period of 12 h, and plasma was collected before and after RC-3095 administration and, in a different set of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis, GRP plasma levels were determined. RC-3095 inhibited TLR-4, extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/2, Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt and decreased activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and interleukin (IL)-6 in macrophages stimulated by LPS. It also decreased IL-6 release from macrophages stimulated by TNF-α. RC-3095 treatment in CLP rats decreased lung TLR-4, reduced the migration of cells to the lung and reduced systemic cytokines and bacterial dissemination. Patients with sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome have elevated plasma levels of GRP, which associates with clinical outcome in the sepsis patients. These findings highlight the role of GRPR signaling in sepsis outcome and the beneficial action of GRPR antagonists in controlling the inflammatory response in sepsis through a mechanism involving at least inhibition of TLR-4 signaling.

Sodium butyrate decreases the activation of NF-κB reducing inflammation and oxidative damage in the kidney of rats subjected to contrast-induced nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with a combination of hypoxic and toxic renal tubular damage, renal endothelial dysfunction and altered intra-renal microcirculation. Recently, sodium butyrate (SB) has been focused on since it possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, based on the lack of information on the effects of SB in acute kidney injury (AKI), we investigated the possible effects of SB after CIN in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1 sham) control, (2 MI) AKI treated with contrast medium and (3 MI + SB) AKI plus SB. Six days after contrast administration, blood and kidney were removed for the determination of creatinine, interleukin (IL)-6 levels, oxidative damage parameters and histologic analyses. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), pIκBα and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) protein content were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS: After 6 days, the levels of creatinine increased significantly in the MI group, and this was attenuated using SB. SB treatment was associated with a decrease on the levels of lipid peroxidation, but not the protein oxidation, and IL-6 levels, as well as tubular damage. These effects are probably mediated, in part, by a decrease on the activation of NF-κB in the kidney, but not alteration in pVASP content. CONCLUSIONS: The current experiment suggests that NF-κB induced an inflammatory response after CIN and SB could inhibit NF-κB expression protecting against CIN in rats.

[Inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases: Vigitel, 2019]. / Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019.

This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables. Inequalities in risk behaviors were assessed considering Brazilian's schooling level and their dwelling region, via the slope index of inequality (SII). Equiplots graphs were also built to better illustrate the inequalities. Stata svy command was used for all analyses due to the complexity of the sampling process. In total, 52,395 patients were evaluated. Significant inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases were observed: most risk behaviors were concentrated in those with low schooling. Smoking and soft drinks consumption were more observed in the Southern region of Brazil. Public policies are necessary to reduce the inequalities found, allowing for improvement in health indicators of the Brazilian population.

O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.

El objetivo fue analizar las desigualdades económicas, raciales y geográficas en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre los adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal, realizado con los datos de Vigitel (Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles por Entrevista Telefónica) 2019. Los comportamientos de riesgo analizados fueron el tabaquismo, el abuso del alcohol, la inactividad física, el sobrepeso, el consumo habitual de refrescos o zumos artificiales y el consumo no habitual de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Las desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la educación y el macrorregión de residencia de los brasileños, mediante el índice de inequidad absoluto (slope index of inequality - SII). También se construyeron gráficos equiplot para ilustrar mejor las desigualdades. Para todos los análisis, se utilizó el comando svy de Stata debido a la complejidad del proceso de muestreo. Se evaluó a un total de 52.395 personas. Se observaron importantes desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: tener un bajo nivel educativo concentró la gran mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo. El tabaquismo y el consumo de refrescos se observaron más en la región Sur del país. Se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades encontradas, permitiendo la mejora de los indicadores de salud de la población brasileña.

Inequalities in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate social inequalities of Brazilians in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with people who drive (n=23,474) in 2019. The outcomes adopted were cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving, associated with the variables gender, age group, skin color, education and macro-region of housing and analyzed using the slope index of inequality using logistic regression. RESULTS: The inequalities related to alcohol consumption and driving were identified in adults with brown skin color (7.8) linked to the North region (6.8). As for cell phone use while driving, they were higher for the younger age group (19.4) and individuals with higher education (27.1). CONCLUSION: Cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving motor vehicles have social inequalities regarding the age group and education, and skin color and macro-region respectively.

Regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests in Brazilian state capitals in 2019: a cross-sectional study. / Desigualdades regionais e sociais na realização de mamografia e exame citopatológico nas capitais brasileiras em 2019: estudo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Chronic Disease Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The outcome variables were mammography and cytopathology test. The exposure variables were race/skin color, schooling and region of residence in Brazil. Absolute inequality measurements were presented using the slope index of inequality (SII) and equiplots. RESULTS: 23,339 women were included in this study. Having a mammography was 5.2 percentage points higher in women with higher levels of education, while having a cytopathology test was 5.3 percentage points lower in women of Black race/skin color.Having mammography and cytopathology tests was 3.9 and 11.2 percentage points higher, respectively, in the Southern region. CONCLUSION: Social and regional inequalities persist in Brazil and affect mainly women of Black race/skin color, with low education levels and living in the Northeast region of the country.

Predicting Long-term Cognitive Dysfunction in Survivors of Critical Illness with Plasma Inflammatory Markers: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Persistent inflammation in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors is associated with higher long-term mortality and poorer mobility. However, it is unknown if inflammatory markers are associated with other dysfunctions observed in survivors of critical illness. Thus, it was investigated if plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 at hospital discharge were associated with long-term functional and cognitive performance after ICU discharge. Adult patients admitted for > 48 h to a 20-bed mixed ICU in a University Hospital had blood collected within 48 h before hospital discharge to measure IL-6 and IL-10 levels. After a median time of 48 months, cognitive status was determined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and functional status was determined by the Barthel Index. Patients at the higher 25th percentile of both IL-6 and IL-10 had a worse long-term cognitive performance, but not worse functional status, even when adjusted for confounders after long-term follow-up. In conclusion, elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at hospital discharge were associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction in ICU survivors.

Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoantibody Is an Independent Predictor of Hospital Mortality but Not Brain Dysfunction in Septic Patients.

The presence of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins and their relationship to autoimmune encephalitis have recently been characterized. These autoantibodies have been also reported in other pathologic conditions; however, their role during sepsis is not known. This study detected the presence of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins in the serum of septic patients and determined their relationship to the occurrence of brain dysfunction and mortality. This prospective, observational cohort study was performed in four Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs). Sixty patients with community-acquired severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to the ICU were included. Blood samples were collected from patients within 24 h of ICU admission. Antibodies to six neuronal proteins were assessed, including glutamate receptors (types NMDA, AMPA1, and AMPA2); voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKC) proteins, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), and contactin-associated protein-2 (Caspr2), as well as the GABAB1 receptor. There was no independent association between any of the measured autoantibodies and the occurrence of brain dysfunction (delirium or coma). However, there was an independent and significant relationship between anti-NMDAR fluorescence intensity and hospital mortality. In conclusion, anti-NMDAR was independently associated with hospital mortality but none of the measured antibodies were associated with brain dysfunction in septic patients.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022 / Violencia de pareja durante el embarazo y calidad de vida en el sur de Brasil: estudio transversal, 2022 / Violência por parceiro íntimo durante a gestação e qualidade de vida no Sul do Brasil: estudo transversal, 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. Conclusion IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre violencia de pareja durante el embarazo (VPE) y calidad de vida (CV). Métodos Estudio transversal con mujeres embarazadas en Atención Primaria de Salud, se evaluó la CV en los dominios físico, psicológico, relaciones sociales y entorno (WHOQOL-Bref); la VPE fue evaluada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud; se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal bruta y ajustada. Resultados Se evaluaron 389 gestantes. La VPE estuvo presente en el 13,6% de las gestantes; en el análisis ajustado, la violencia de género permaneció asociada a aspectos físicos, psicológicos y a las relaciones sociales; las mujeres embarazadas que sufrieron VPE presentaron disminución de 9,77; 11,07 y 8,95 puntos de CV en comparación con quienes no sufrieron VPE. Conclusión La VPE se asocia con una peor calidad de vida en los ámbitos físico, psicológico y de relaciones sociales; los servicios de salud preparados para combatir la violencia son esenciales para prevenir los casos de violencia durante el embarazo.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação (VPIG) e qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos Estudo transversal, com gestantes atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2022; avaliou-se a QV quanto aos domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente (WHOQOL-Bref); a VPIG foi avaliada pela World Health Organization Violence Against Women; foram realizadas análise de regressão linear bruta e ajustada. Resultados Foram avaliadas 389 gestantes; a VPIG esteve presente em 13,6%; na análise ajustada, a VPIG manteve-se associada aos aspectos físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; gestantes que sofreram VPIG tiveram reduzidos 9,77, 11,07 e 8,95 pontos no escore de QV, respectivamente, quando comparadas às que não sofreram VPIG. Conclusão A VPIG esteve associada à pior QV nos domínios físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; serviços de saúde preparados para o enfrentamento e prevenção da violência contra gestantes são essenciais.

Estratégia saúde da família como espaço de insatisfação e satisfação profissional / Family health strategy as a place for job dissatisfaction and satisfaction / La estrategia de salud familiar como espacio de insatisfacción y satisfacción profesional

Os fatores que interferem na satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família são diversos e de inúmeras características. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os fatores de satisfação e insatisfação de profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Forquilhinha/SC. Trata-se de um estudo de métodos mistos, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 15 profissionais da saúde de três Unidades de Saúde por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados geraram 72 categorias, vinculados a cinco subcategorias, associados a duas categorias. Os grupos fatores de insatisfação e satisfação encontrados envolvem a atuação na rotina diária, estrutura e serviços das unidades e do sistema de saúde, os direitos trabalhistas, a organização dos elementos de atuação, e as relações interpessoais com os colegas, usuários e gestores. A satisfação é indicada, principalmente, pela relação com os colegas e pela divisão de tarefas entre os profissionais. Em contrapartida, a falta de reconhecimento e desvalorização, além da sobrecarga trabalho, são os principais motivos de insatisfação. Os aspectos geradores de satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais são múltiplos e até mesmo ambíguos e podem colaborar para prejuízo ou melhoria da prestação do cuidado a saúde.

The factors that interfere with the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals working in the Family Health Strategy are diverse. The objective of the study was to identify the factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Forquilhinha (SC). This is a mixed-methods, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out with 15 health professionals from three health units by means of semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.TI 9.0 software. The results generated 72 codes, linked to five subcategories, associated with two categories. The groups of dissatisfaction and satisfaction factors found involve: the performance in the daily routine, structure and services of the units and the health system, labor rights, the organization of the performance elements, and the interpersonal relationships with colleagues, users and managers. Satisfaction is indicated mainly by the relationship with colleagues and the division of tasks among professionals. On the other hand, the lack of recognition and the devaluation, besides the work overload, are the main reasons for dissatisfaction. The aspects that generate satisfaction and dissatisfaction among professionals are multiple and even ambiguous and can contribute to hinder or improve health care delivery.

Los factores que interfieren en la satisfacción o en la insatisfacción de los profesionales que actúan en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar son diversos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar del municipio de Forquilhinha (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Se trata de un estudio de métodos mixtos, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con 15 profesionales sanitarios de tres unidades de salud mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se analizaron según el análisis de contenido temático con la ayuda del software Atlas.TI 9.0. Los resultados generaron 72 categorías, vinculadas a cinco subcategorías, asociadas a dos categorías. Los factores de insatisfacción y satisfacción encontrados tienen que ver con la actuación en la rutina diaria, la estructura y los servicios de las unidades y del sistema de salud, los derechos laborales, la organización de los elementos de actuación y las relaciones interpersonales con los compañeros, los usuarios y los gestores. La satisfacción está indicada principalmente por la relación con los compañeros y el reparto de tareas entre los profesionales. Por otro lado, la falta de reconocimiento y la desvalorización, además de la sobrecarga de trabajo, son los principales motivos de insatisfacción. Los aspectos que generan satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales son múltiples, incluso ambiguos, y pueden perjudicar o mejorar la prestación de la asistencia sanitaria.

Percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a transição do cuidado na alta hospitalar / Nurses' perception about the transition of care at hospital discharge

Existe uma clara lacuna na transição entre Atenção Hospitalar (AH) e Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A efetividade da Transição do Cuidado (TC) depende de uma excelente capacidade de comunicação entre profissionais e serviços, sendo a alta hospitalar um momento crítico. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as percepções dos enfermeiros da Atenção Hospitalar (AH) e Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) sobre aspectos da alta hospitalar Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com dados de enfermeiros atuantes na AH e na APS no estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Para comparação entre grupos utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. Há algumas sobre posições nas percepções dos enfermeiros da AH e APS sobre a temática, sendo que consideram importante o acompanhamento do paciente após a alta hospitalar (54; 91,5%), entende que existe pouca e fraca comunicação entre serviços de saúde (52; 88%). Ainda, são realizadas orientações verbalmente para pacientes e familiares no momento da alta (32; 54,2%), pouca informação é compreendida pelos pacientes (47; 79,7%) e o plano de alta não é individualizado (30; 50,8%), na maioria dos casos. A comunicação é uma grande fragilidade na alta hospitalar, que se expressa nesse estudo, pela percepção dos enfermeiros de uma comunicação fraca entre AH e APS, pela fragilidade do plano de alta e orientações realizadas verbalmente. A melhoria do processo de transição do cuidado, especialmente a alta hospitalar, permite uma assistência à saúde mais integrada, segura e centrada no paciente. O investimento em estratégias que aprimorem esse processo é essencial para a qualidade do cuidado.

There is a clear gap in the transition between Hospital Care (HC) and Primary Health Care (PHC). The effectiveness of the Care Transition (TC) depends on an excellent communication ability between professionals and services, with hospital discharge being a critical moment. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of HC and PHC nurses on aspects of hospital discharge. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with data from nurses working in HC and PHC in the state of Santa Catarina. Data was collected between December 2020 and January 2021, using an electronic form. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed. Pearson's chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. There are some overlapping positions in the perceptions of HC and PHC nurses on the subject, considering that patient follow-up after hospital discharge is important (54; 91.5%), they understand that there is little and weak communication between health services (52; 88%). Also, verbal guidelines are given to patients and family members at discharge (32; 54.2%), little information is understood by patients (47; 79.7%) and the discharge plan is not individualized (30; 50.8%), in most cases. Communication is a major weakness in hospital discharge, which is expressed in this study, by the nurses' perception of poor communication between HC and PHC, by the fragility of the discharge plan and verbally given guidelines. Improving the care transition process, especially hospital discharge, allows for more integrated, safe and patient-centered healthcare. Investment in strategies that improve this process is essential for the quality of care.

Biomarkers of Delirium in a Low-Risk Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis.

There are different theories about the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), and the majority of our knowledge was derived from critically ill patients. 7In less severe sepsis, it is probable that neuroinflammation can be a major aspect of SAE development. We hypothesized that in non-severe septic patients, blood biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation, coagulation, and brain function would be different when compared to patients with and without brain dysfunction. A total of 30 patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)-induced sepsis were included of which 10 (33 %) developed SAE. Eight medical patients admitted to the general ward, except due to sepsis or infection, which developed delirium were included as delirium, non-sepsis group. From all measured biomarkers, only brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES), and interleukin (IL)-10 where significantly different when compared to SAE and sepsis groups. In addition, SAE patients presented higher levels of BDNF, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB and RANTES when compared to delirium patients. In conclusion, the profile of biomarkers differs between SAE, sepsis, and delirium patients, suggesting that pathways related to SAE are different from delirium and from sepsis itself.

Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019 / Inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases: Vigitel, 2019 / Desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Vigitel, 2019

O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.

This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables. Inequalities in risk behaviors were assessed considering Brazilian's schooling level and their dwelling region, via the slope index of inequality (SII). Equiplots graphs were also built to better illustrate the inequalities. Stata svy command was used for all analyses due to the complexity of the sampling process. In total, 52,395 patients were evaluated. Significant inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases were observed: most risk behaviors were concentrated in those with low schooling. Smoking and soft drinks consumption were more observed in the Southern region of Brazil. Public policies are necessary to reduce the inequalities found, allowing for improvement in health indicators of the Brazilian population.

El objetivo fue analizar las desigualdades económicas, raciales y geográficas en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre los adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal, realizado con los datos de Vigitel (Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles por Entrevista Telefónica) 2019. Los comportamientos de riesgo analizados fueron el tabaquismo, el abuso del alcohol, la inactividad física, el sobrepeso, el consumo habitual de refrescos o zumos artificiales y el consumo no habitual de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Las desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la educación y el macrorregión de residencia de los brasileños, mediante el índice de inequidad absoluto (slope index of inequality - SII). También se construyeron gráficos equiplot para ilustrar mejor las desigualdades. Para todos los análisis, se utilizó el comando svy de Stata debido a la complejidad del proceso de muestreo. Se evaluó a un total de 52.395 personas. Se observaron importantes desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: tener un bajo nivel educativo concentró la gran mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo. El tabaquismo y el consumo de refrescos se observaron más en la región Sur del país. Se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades encontradas, permitiendo la mejora de los indicadores de salud de la población brasileña.

Inequalities in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles / Desigualdades en el consumo de alcohol y uso del teléfono celular durante la conducción de vehículos motorizados / Desigualdades no consumo de álcool e uso de celular durante a direção de veículos motorizados

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate social inequalities of Brazilians in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with people who drive (n=23,474) in 2019. The outcomes adopted were cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving, associated with the variables gender, age group, skin color, education and macro-region of housing and analyzed using the slope index of inequality using logistic regression. Results: The inequalities related to alcohol consumption and driving were identified in adults with brown skin color (7.8) linked to the North region (6.8). As for cell phone use while driving, they were higher for the younger age group (19.4) and individuals with higher education (27.1). Conclusion: Cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving motor vehicles have social inequalities regarding the age group and education, and skin color and macro-region respectively.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las desigualdades sociales de brasilenõs en el consumo de alcohol y el uso de teléfono celular durante la conducción de vehículos motorizados. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con personas que condujeron (n=23.474) en 2019. Los resultados adoptados fueron el uso de teléfonos celulares y el consumo de alcohol durante la conducción, asociados a las variables sexo, grupo de edad, color de piel, educación y macrorregión de residencia. Las desigualdades se analizaron mediante el slope index of inequality y regresión logística. Resultados: Las desigualdades relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol y la conducción como desigualdades se identificaron en adultos de piel morena (7,8) vinculados a la región Norte (6,8). En cuanto a uso de teléfonos celulares en la conducción fueron mayores para el grupo de edad más joven (19,4), y obligatorias con la educación superior (27,1). Conclusión: El uso de teléfonos celulares y el consumo de alcohol en la dirección de vehículos motorizados tiene desigualdades sociales en cuanto a edad y educación, color de piel y región geográfica respectivamente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as desigualdades sociais de brasileiros (as) no consumo de bebida alcoólica e uso de celular durante a direção de veículos motorizados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com pessoas que dirigiam (n=23.474) em 2019. Os desfechos adotados foram o uso de celular e consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a direção, associado as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, cor da pele, escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia e analisadas através dos índices slope index of inequality a partir de regressão logística. Resultados: as desigualdades relacionadas ao uso de álcool e direção as desigualdades foram identificadas em adultos de cor da pele parda (7,8) vinculados a Região Norte (6,8). Quanto ao uso de celular na direção foram maiores para faixa etária mais jovem (19,4) e indivíduos com maior escolaridade (27,1). Conclusão: uso de celular e consumo de álcool na direção de veículos motorizados possui desigualdades sociais referente a faixa etária e escolaridade, e a cor de pele e macrorregião respectivamente.

Integração ensino-serviço: possibilidades de uma Universidade Comunitária em meio à pandemia da covid-19

O cenário da pandemia da COVID-19 convoca à rápidas mudanças no modo de trabalho, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), além de potencializar as ações no campo da pesquisa reafirmam seu papel para a comunidade, especialmente quando se trata de Universidades comunitárias. Este artigo caracteriza-se como relato de experiência sobre as ações utilizadas para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 pela Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), do município de Criciúma ­ SC, uma Universidade comunitária. As ações da UNESC foram intensificadas durante o cenário pandêmico, trazendo ações inovadoras como implantação de Sala de Situação Covid-19, teleatendimentos como SOS UNESC Covid-19 e Acolher UNESC Covid-19, Programa de Rastreamento do Coronavírus, Comitê e Análise de Gestão da Covid-19 e várias ações realizadas para além dos espaços da IES. Este artigo marca o importante papel das Universidades comunitárias e seu compromisso com o desenvolvimento regional, ações, intervenções e parcerias com impacto direto na saúde da população local. A UNESC, enquanto Universidade comunitária, desenvolve ações pautadas nas melhores evidências científicas e valoriza o cuidado com a vida das pessoas. Palavra-chave: Coronavírus, Epidemiologia, Gestão de Riscos, Vigilância em Saúde Pública, Instituições de Ensino Superior.

Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accuracy for diagnosis of oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an auxiliary means for the diagnosis of oral cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: An exhaustive search of publications from 1986 to 2016 was performed of Medline, Embase and Cochrane (and related databases), including grey literature. Primary diagnostic accuracy studies that assessed oral cancer (target condition) using MRI (index test) were included. Diagnostic threshold, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc® v. 1.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 24 primary studies were assessed, comprising 1,403 oral cancer lesions. Nine studies used diffusion-weighted MRI, with a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 30.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.7-74.3) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.917 (95% CI: 0.915-0.918); seven studies used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, with a DOR of 48.1 (95%CI: 22.4-103.2) and AUC of 0.936 (95% CI: 0.934-0.937); and 13 studies used traditional MRI, with a DOR of 23.9 (95%CI: 13.2-43.3) and AUC of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.894-0.895). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the magnetic field strength may have influenced the heterogeneity of the results obtained (p = 0.0233) using traditional MRI. Sensitivity analysis revealed a discrete reduction of inconsistency in some subgroups. CONCLUSION: The three types of MRI assessed exhibited satisfactory accuracy compared to biopsy. Considering the relevance of early treatment and screening and that better health care results in improved survival rates and quality of life for oral cancer patients, we suggest the use of MRI as a part of the pre-treatment and monitoring protocol at public health services.