RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with dismal outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mutations in genes, altered or linked to platinum sensitivity in BC, were examined in 66 patients' tumors along with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density and MMR, PD-L1 and CD8 protein expression, as well as basal and luminal subtypes, defined by protein expression of markers, including CK5/6 and GATA3 or CK20, respectively. RESULTS: 41 tumors harbored mutations, mainly in TP53 (38%), ARID1A (17%) and the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes ERCC2 (17%) and BRCA2 (15%). Mutations in other DDR relevant genes were also present. Age showed unfavorable prognosis for overall survival (HR=1.07, Pâ¯=â¯0.026); no benefit was seen for patients with TP53, ARID1A, ERCC2 or BRCA2 mutations or mutations in 1 or more DDR genes. PD-L1 status positively correlated with stromal (rho=0.46, P < 0.001) and intratumoral (rho=0.53, P < 0.001) CD8 expression or TILs (rho=0.29, Pâ¯=â¯0.018); none associated with overall survival (OS). A statistically significant difference was observed between PD-L1 status and immunohistochemistry (IHC)based subtypes, with tumors classified as luminal (GATA3+ and/or CK20+ and CK5/6-) showing lower PD-L1 expression relative to basal (CK5/6+ and GATA3- and/or CK20-) (median value 0 vs. 2.5, Pâ¯=â¯0.029). Concerning OS, no statistically significant difference was seen among patients with basal or luminal tumors. CONCLUSION: No association was seen herein between DDR mutations, TILs, PD-L1, CD8 expression or IHC-based subtypes and patient survival; these observations warrant validation within a larger cohort.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Pronóstico , Platino (Metal)/farmacología , Platino (Metal)/uso terapéutico , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Proteína de la Xerodermia Pigmentosa del Grupo DRESUMEN
The prevalence of RCC in Europe is 2-3% and increasing every year. Hereditary predisposition is found in 5-8% of all RCC cases. Hereditary syndromes associated with RCC include: Von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, Birt-Hogg-Dube', hereditary leiomyomatosis, succinate dehydrogenase's deficiency, tuberous sclerosis complex and Cowden's syndrome. These syndromes are related to specific genetic mutations. So far the European Association of Urology and American Urological Association have not established guidelines for referral of patients with RCC for germline mutation screening. The scope of this article is to review which clinical manifestations should direct clinicians' thinking towards hereditary kidney carcinomas and therefore suggest which patients could benefit from genetic testing.