Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats.

Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.

Naringenin, Hesperidin and Quercetin Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Damage In Rats: In Vivo And In Silico Evaluations.

In this study, we sought to determine how well naringenin, hesperidin, and quercetin prevented damage brought on by radiotherapy. During the investigation, 48 adult female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Eight groups of eight rats each were formed by randomly assigning the rats to the groups. The normal control group was represented by Group 1. Group 2 rats were those that received a dose of 15 Gray (Gy) of radiotherapy. The rats assigned to Group 3 received only Naringenin, whereas those assigned to Group 4 received only quercetine, and those assigned to Group 5 received only hesperidin. Rats in Group 6, 7 and 8 were received naringenin, quarcetin and hesperidin at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy exposition. After radiotheraphy and phenolic compounds rats were sacrificed and some metabolic enzyme (aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) activity was determined in eye and brain tissues. It was found that phenolic compounds have protective effect against radiation-induced damage because of their anti-diabetic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, hesperidin was found to be superior to quercetin and naringenin in terms of enzyme activity efficacy. Furthermore, hesperidin exhibited favorable binding affinity for BChE in silico compared to other enzymes.

Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart.

Atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment are both influenced by hyperlipidemia. Due to their high margin of safety and low cost, natural chemicals have recently attracted particular attention in the context of the treatment of disease. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible amendatory impact of ethanol extract walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat (E-WSC) on some metabolic enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) activity in the liver, kidney, and heart of rats with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into five groups: control group, HL-Control group (Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg, i.p administered group), E- WSC + 150 (150 mg/kg,o.d given group), E- WSC + 300 (E- WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d given group) and HL+ E-WSC + 300 (Group receiving E- WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d 30 min prior to administration of Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg, i.p). In HL-Control, AR, SDH, and BChE enzyme activity was significantly increased in all tissues compared to the control, while the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. The effects of hyperlipidemia on balance were improved and alterations in the activity of the investigated metabolic enzymes were prevented by E-WSC. As a result, promising natural compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cognitive disorders and hyperlipidemia may be found in E-WSC powder.

The hepato-renal protective potential of walnut seed skin extract against acute renal ischemia/reperfusion damage.

Acute kidney damage is defined as a sudden change in kidney functions that prevents the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body, thus disrupting the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. When acute kidney injury occurs, the kidneys and liver are most affected in the body. Agents used in the treatment of acute kidney injury often have nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory properties that can produce toxic effects on the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Natural antioxidants can be recommended as an alternative to existing treatment or in combination to protect tissues against these toxic effects. Therefore, we conducted our current study on whether walnut seed skin (WSS) extract might have hepato-renal protective effects in kidney-damaged Sprague-Dawley rats. This study is the first to use walnut seed skin extract in liver and kidney tissues in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Healty control (HC), renal IR (50 min ischemia - 3 h reperfusion), and renal IR + 450 mg/kg/p.o. WSS extract (the rats were treated with WSS extract orally once 1 h before the IR procedure). For this purpose, blood, liver and kidney tissues of rats were used. In serum samples, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea and creatinine values were determined separately for the administration groups. We also performed histopathological studies on liver and kidney tissues. Finally, gene markers (endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Caspase-4 and Caspase-9) determined to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effect of walnut seed skin were measured by q-RT PCR method. As a result of the study it was determined that pre-application of WSS extract improved the deteriorated serum parameters in rats with renal ischemia. In the histopathological analysis results, it was observed that WSS had a protective effect on kidney and liver tissue. In studies on gene expression, although there were different and contradictory results for liver and kidney tissue, we determined that WSS was more protective on liver tissue. In conclusion, the healing potential of WSS in renal and hepatic tissues seems to act by inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, the potential of this extract is remarkable and may serve as a potential therapeutic that may protect against acute organ damages due to renal IR.