Female healthcare professionals' behaviour and attitudes in the context of the feminisation of HIV/AIDS: gender vulnerability analysis.

In only a few years, HIV/AIDS became a severe public health problem worldwide. More recently, the phenomenon of feminisation has substantially modified the epidemiological profile of the pandemic. Drawing on Grounded Theory, this qualitative, descriptive study examines the adoption of HIV/AIDS prevention measures and practices by women health professionals. Data were acquired by semi-structured interviews of 12 women working as health professionals providing care for HIV-seropositive women. Analysis of the results showed how, as women, the participants felt safe and protected against HIV in a so-called stable relationship, because they relied on factors such as trust in their companion, and perceived themselves as vulnerable and exposed to the risk of sexual contamination. As health professionals, they revealed concerns relating to care for women with HIV, ranging from speculations about how the women were contaminated, to the sensitivity, as women professionals, to put themselves in the place of the women with HIV and, also as professionals, expressed fear of contamination through accidents with biological material. It was concluded that, despite understanding the importance of adopting self-protective HIV-prevention measures and practices, they admitted the existence of vulnerability from occupational rather than sexual risk, and accordingly deployed protective measures against workplace accidents, but failed to use condoms and thus continued to be exposed to HIV in their sexual relations.

[Caring for women with HIV/AIDS: an interactionist analysis from the perspective of female healthcare professionals]. / Cuidando de mulheres com HIV/AIDS: uma anâlise interacionista na perspectiva de mulheres profissionais de saúde.

The aim of this study was to know the meanings attributed by female health professionals to the process of caring for women with HIV, considering their vulnerability in the context of feminization of HIV/AIDS. It is a qualitative study based on the grounded theory method and symbolic interactionism, conducted in two public maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, from November 2009 to April 2010. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with twelve female health professionals. The core category that emerged was "Speaking as a Professional and Thinking about Caring" which focused on the meaning of care, and the integration of two categories, the first being the concerns of being a woman/professional caring for women with HIV and the second being the meanings of professional care provided to women with the virus. It was concluded that the professionals still maintained the former perception of HIV/AIDS, contributing to increased gender vulnerability to HIV, discrimination and prejudice.

Caring with difficulty: Brazilian nurses' experiences of gynaecological surgery care.

This study was made by a qualitative approach based on symbolic interactionism and grounded theory. The subject was defined as what mutilation means for nurses who take care of women submitted to gynaecological surgery. The aim was to identify the interaction relationship of nurses as female with the phenomenon of mutilation in gynaecological surgeries and how it affects their relationship with female patients in this situation. Data were obtained by interviews with 16 nurses who work in gynaecology units. The findings present two core categories: speaking as a professional and speaking as female. When they spoke as professional nurses they defined mutilation technically. As females they verbalized their conflict and difficulty in working with mutilation and redefined it as being the loss of something very important for themselves. We conclude that female nurses when confronting female surgery distances themselves behind the professional nurse and performs nursing care as a daily routine. It means that these nurses live a personal conflict that influences directly on how they supply care. They care for, but do not care about; the ethos of biomedicine leads carers on to a technical path from which it is difficult to get off.

[Students' practice in the construction of knowledge about the phenomenon of drug abuse]. / A prática discente na construção do conhecimento sobre o fenômeno das drogas.

This is a qualitative descriptive research, carried out with nursing undergraduates from Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil. The purpose is to discuss students' experiences and their social practice in assisting drugs uses. Data were collected from December 2008 to January, 2009, with the use of focal groups composed by 19 undergraduates from the last three semesters of the course. The project was approved by the Ethics Research Commission. All participants signed the Informed Consent. The results evidenced students' difficulty in facing reality, due to the contrast between theory and practice. Such difficulty came out as a consequence of an inapropriate educational approach. We concluded that the academic institutions should optimize the use of teaching process. Professional formation related to the phenomenon of drug abuse is considered essential as it becomes more and more frequent in nurses' daily routines.

[Aged woman's vulnerability related to AIDS]. / A vulnerabilidade da mulher idosa em relação à AIDS.

This article is a systhematic literature review including the period from 1994 to 2009, whose objective was to discuss the aged woman's vulnerability in relation to Acquired Imunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). The search for scientific texts was accomplished in the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). The descriptors used were vulnerability, woman and Aids. Eighteen texts were analyzed, including articles in scientific journals, thesis and dissertations. As a conclusion, it was noted that aged women and vulnerability to Aids are directly related, through gender characteristics including submission and that were built historical and socially. We consider as fundamental the development of studies which may generate publications accessible to women, in order to help them see themselves as persons vulnerable to Aids contagion just for being women.

[Accessibility to childbirth attendance for pregnant adolescents in health system's maternities]. / O acesso à assistência ao parto para parturientes adolescentes nas maternidades da rede sus.

The study aims at the identificantion of factors that interfere in the accessibility of pregnant woman to the attendance of childbirth in the Health System in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a quantitative study, with a traverse and observational design, carried out at maternities of Health System through structured interview. The sample was constituted of 328 adolescent during postpartum. Data were organized in a database, for subsequent analysis with the use of software EPI INFO version 6.03. Prevalence reason was used as an association measure. The results show that 40.5% of the adolescents were black; 54.9% had finished elementary school; 91.5% had had prenatal attendance. The access was considered unsatisfactory for 36.6% of them, and 20.7% went to more than one maternity for giving birth. It was concluded that the attendance to the pregnant adolescent still needs some adjustments in order to favor their access to services of attendance to childbirth.

Teaching work routine: challenges to nursing professors in contemporary times.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the organization of nursing professors' work and analyze its limiting and facilitating aspects. METHOD: A qualitative and descriptive study composed of professors from the federal public universities of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. The content analysis technique was used for data processing. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (27) professors participated. Facilitating elements of the teaching work were: work environment; autonomy and flexibility; liking what they do; use of technologies; and solidarity of the professional group; while hindering elements included: high work demand; intense work rhythm; scarcity of material and human resources; and academic competitiveness. CONCLUSION: The configuration of the teaching work organization is complex and multifaceted, presenting high psycho-affective, cognitive and physical demands which enhance illness in these workers.

[Use of illicit drugs and critical perspectives of drug users' relatives and acquaintances in Northern Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil]. / Uso de drogas ilícitas e perspectivas críticas de familiares e pessoas próximas, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Zona Norte, Brasil.

This article presents the partial results of a multicenter, qualitative study, which involved seven Latin-American countries and Canada. The results presented refer to Northern Rio de Janeiro (city), Brazil. The objective of the study was to describe the perspective of relatives/acquaintances of illicit drug users about protective and risk factors, prevention initiatives, treatment services, and legal aspects regarding illicit drugs. Interviews were performed with 99 individuals, who reported being affected by their relationship with an illicit drug user (relative or acquaintance), approaching their perspectives regarding the key-domains. Most participants were women (73.7%); relatives who used drugs were mostly men (78.2%); the most consumed drug was marijuana (77.8%). The highlighted protective factor was having recreational-sports activities in the community (88.9%), and the risk factor was curiosity for trying something new (94.4%). The main treatment services were Church Groups (51.5%), and participants stated that laws should be more punitive (82.8%). In conclusion, this information is essential to fight against drug use/abuse, showing that there is a need for actions that consider different perspectives at different levels.

Illicit drug use in seven Latin American countries: critical perspectives of families and familiars.

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment.

[Women's perception about female vulnerability to STD and HIV]. / A percepção de mulheres quanto à vulnerabilidade feminina para contrair DST/HIV.

This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The purpose was to analyze women's perception about female vulnerability to acquire STD/HIV. The study took place in 2006 at a university campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Interviews were carried out with 12 women, older than 18 years, of different educational levels, ethnic origins and religions. The women were students, technical-administrative workers and faculty members, among other users. The study complied with the requirements of the National Research Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed according to the premises of Content Analysis. Results revealed two large dimensions: one related with the women's personal perception and their behaviors, and another related with these women's opinion about other women's behavior. This article discusses the data regarding the collective dimension. It was concluded that the interviewed women recognize vulnerability factors in other women and realize the risk that others face of acquiring STD/HIV, but do not consider themselves to be at risk.

[Maternal mortality prevention: a challenge for nurses]. / Prevenção da mortalidade materna: desafio para o enfermeiro.

In this article theprincipal aspects about maternal mortality are analyzed, with the objective the promotion of preventive actions for the avoidable maternal death. It is verified that entities as ADVOCACY have significant participation in the projects seeking for reduction of maternal mortality rates and the adjustment of procedures for protecting women's rights. It is also observed that the State Health Secretary, through the Resolutions 1.052/95 and 1.642/2001 express the state policies for reducing the problem. It is concluded that there are indications of political will about the proposals and projects for reducing the avoidable maternal mortality rates. However, there are no requests on its effectiveness. Health professionals as nurses need to gather efforts, and also an attitude of understanding and sensitiveness in their preventive actions.

[Rooming-in as a space for maternal and professional care]. / Alojamento conjunto como espaço de cuidado materno e profissional.

This is a theoretical reflection about maternal care in the context of Rooming-in. It is based on Winnicott's concepts of Primary Maternal Preoccupation, Maternal Care, and Good Enough Environment. Rooming-in is conceived as an adequate place for establishing a relationship between mother and child which is favorable to maternal care. While in Rooming-in, the mother lives a peculiar mental status, the primary maternal preoccupation, which goes stronger along pregnancy and is maximal during childbirth. Perceiving Brazilian maternity hospital as a place for care, we see nursing care as an important aid in the interaction between mother and baby, supporting women along this peculiar state of mind.

[Sexuality and hysterectomy: myths and reality]. / Sexualidade e histerectomia: mitos e realidade.

Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that may interfere with women's sexual sensations and expression. Sexuality may have different meanings. Women submitted to hysterectomy may experience situations that disturb their identity as women. Therefore, reflections must be made on those influences on sexuality. Ideas on gender and sexuality are used in this article to explain concepts and to relate them to the possibilities of nursing care based on changing the dominant paradigm.

[The meaning of unmedicalization of childbirth attendance in hospitals: an analysis of the obstetric nurses' conception]. / O significado de desmedicalização da assistência ao parto no hospital: análise da concepção de enfermeiras obstétricas.

This study was aimed at analyzing the process through which nurse-midwives have given meaning to unmedicalized attention. It is a qualitative study based on the Grounded Theory. Data were obtained and analyzed between February and April of 2006. Eight nurse-midwives who adopt the unmedicalized approach as orientation in their practice were interviewed. Through the analysis of the data it was possible to identify four categories--thinking about her practice; characterizing as medicalized the obstetric practice in hospitals; feeling annoyed by medicalized attendance; and identifying the principles of unmedicalization--, whose integration made possible to identify the process of building the meaning of unmedicalization. Respect to Physiology, as well as not to use unnecessarily interventionist practices as routine, constituted principles of unmedicalization. The reflection about their lives and the characterization of the obstetric practice in hospitals as medicalized were part of the nurses' mental process to revert the construction of the abilities acquired in the biomedical model.

[Applying Collière's theoretical-philosophical ideas to consider new care technologies in obstetric nursing]. / Aplicando concepções teórico-filosóficas de Collière para conceituar novas tecnologias do cuidar em enfermagem obstétrica.

Approaching nursing from the perspective of a feminine practice, this article aimed at identifying the possibility to apply Collière's ideas on obstetric nursing care, relating them to the nurse's background. A descriptive method and the technique of content analysis was used to analyze scientific communications, focusing on social, theoretical-philosophical, political, and ideological aspects related to women's health, care technologies and human care in obstetric nursing. Results indicated the following analytical categories: nursing as profession; practice of care: from women to nurses; care provided by women: a sacred or challenged survival practice; identification of care practices with the nurse as an emancipated, citizen, and autonomous woman. We concluded that nurses working in obstetrics need to reconstruct their professional, individual, and social role. We suggest a reflexive critic on the appropriateness and validity of care technological innovations to provide quality women health care.

Social interaction of women exposed to HIV/AIDS: a representative model / Interacción social de mujeres expuestas al VIH/Sida: un modelo representativo / Interação social de mulheres com exposição ao HIV/aids: um modelo representativo

ABSTRACT Objective: to present the representative model of the social interaction of women exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS based on the meanings attributed by them. Method: an interpretative and qualitative research study carried out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2017 to 2018, through semi-structured interviews with 17 women who made up four sample groups, in the period between June 2017 and January 2018. The framework for data analysis is the Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism, and the study was ethically approved as required by the National Health Council. Results: for women, the representative model of the social interaction process of exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS means "not protecting themselves" and "not being protected by the other". It is seen as a sloppy, irresponsible and reckless act. The women know the measures to prevent exposure; however, they do not use condoms and acknowledge that they are both exposed and exposing others simultaneously. The central category entitled "Neglecting one's own life although being aware of exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS" stands out. Conclusion: understanding this social interaction can contribute to the apprehension of the main factors that influence the construction of these meanings by women, thus helping them to give a new meaning to this exposure and allowing them to modify their actions to protect themselves and others against AIDS. Consequently, effective assistance based on preservation of life is encouraged, with a view to comprehensive care to women and reducing their exposure to infection.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar un modelo representativo de la interacción social de mujeres expuestas al Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana y al SIDA a partir de los significados que ellas les atribuyen. Método: investigación interpretativa y cualitativa realizada en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2017 y 2018, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 17 mujeres que conformaron cuatro grupos muestrales, entre junio de 2017 y enero de 2018. El marco referencial para el análisis de los datos está compuesto por la Grounded Theory y por el Interaccionismo Simbólico, y el estudio contó con la debida aprobación ética según lo exigido por el Consejo Nacional de Salud. Resultados: para las mujeres, el modelo representativo del proceso de interacción social, con exposición al Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana y al SIDA significa "no protegerse" y "no ser protegida por la otra persona". Se considera como una acción descuidada, irresponsable e imprudente. Las mujeres conocen las medidas de prevención para evitar la exposición; sin embargo, no usan preservativos y reconocen que están expuestas y exponiendo a los demás simultáneamente. Se destaca la categoría central: "Descuidar la vida propia a pesar de ser conscientes de la exposición al Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana y al SIDA". Conclusión: entender este proceso de interacción social podrá contribuir para aprehender los principales factores que influencian la elaboración de estos significados por parte de las mujeres, proporcionándoles así ayuda para atribuir un nuevo significado a esta exposición y permitiendo que modifiquen sus acciones para protegerse del SIDA. De este modo, se fomenta una asistencia efectiva basada en preservar la vida, vislumbrando atención integral a las mujeres y reduciendo su exposición a la infección.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar o modelo representativo da interação social de mulheres com a exposição ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e Aids a partir dos significados por elas atribuídos. Método: pesquisa interpretativa e qualitativa, realizada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de 2017 a 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 17 mulheres que formaram quatro grupos amostrais, no período entre junho de 2017 e janeiro de 2018. O referencial para a análise de dados é a Grounded Theory e o Interacionismo Simbólico e o estudo foi aprovado eticamente como exigido pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: o modelo representativo do processo de interação social, exposição ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e Aids significa, para as mulheres, "não se proteger" e "não ser protegida pelo outro". É tido como ato desleixado, irresponsável, imprudente. As mulheres conhecem as medidas de prevenção à exposição, entretanto, não usam preservativos e reconhecem que estão, ao mesmo tempo, expostas e expondo outros. Destaca-se a categoria central: "Descuidando da própria vida apesar da consciência da exposição ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e Aids". Conclusão: entender esse processo de interação social poderá contribuir para a apreensão dos principais fatores que influenciam a construção desses significados pela mulher, assim, proporcionando auxílio a ela na ressignificação dessa exposição e permitindo que ela modifique suas ações para a proteção contra a Aids. Desse modo, fomenta-se uma assistência efetiva baseada na preservação da vida, vislumbrando um atendimento integral à mulher e diminuindo sua exposição à infecção.

Woman experiencing gynecologic surgery: coping with the changes imposed by surgery.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the feelings and perceptions resulting from gynecologic surgery by women and analyze how they experience the changes caused by the surgery. METHOD: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, which had Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as its theoretical framework. Participants of the study: 13 women submitted to surgery: Total Abdominal Hysterectomy, Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with bilateral Adnexectomy, Wertheim-Meigs surgery, Oophorectomy, Salpingectomy, Mastectomy, Quadrantectomy and Tracheloplasty. Individual interviews were conducted, recorded and analyzed according to the comparative analysis technique of the Grounded Theory. RESULTS: from the data two categories emerged - Perceiving a different body and feeling as a different person and; building the meaning of mutilation. The changes experienced make women build new meanings and change the perception of themselves and their social environment. From the interaction with their inner self, occurred a reflection on relationships, the difference in their body and themselves, the functions it performs and the harm caused by the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: the participants felt like different women; the mutilation developed in concrete feelings, due the loss of the organ, and in abstract, linked to the impact of social identity and female functionality. The importance of the nurse establishing a multidimensional care, to identify the needs that go beyond the biological body is perceived.

Desejando parir naturalmente: perspectiva de mulheres sobre o parto domiciliar planejado com uma enfermeira obstétrica / Wanting to give birth naturally: women's perspective on planned homebirth with a nurse midwife / Deseando parir naturalmente: perspectiva de mujeres sobre el parto domiciliario planificado con una enfermera obstétrica

Objetivo: descrever a escolha do parto domiciliar planejado acompanhado por enfermeira obstétrica em um centro urbano de grande porte, na perspectiva de mulheres brasileiras. Métodos: estudo qualitativo guiado pela Grounded Theory. Foram entrevistadas dez mulheres com idade entre 20 e 41 anos que tiveram parto domiciliar planejado acompanhadas por enfermeiras obstétricas. As participantes foram recrutadas por meio de rede social, acessando um grupo de mulheres que escreveram sobre seu parto domiciliar. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: Não vendo possibilidade de parir naturalmente no ambiente hospitalar e Pensando na segurança do parto domiciliar planejado. O hospital representou vários aspectos desfavoráveis como intervenções desnecessárias e solidão. As mulheres consideravam o lar um lugar seguro para parir, conectado aos cuidados de enfermeiras obstétricas. Conclusão: há mulheres que não desejam parir no hospital, preferindo parir em casa e do ponto de vista dos direitos humanos e dos cuidados desmedicalizados, as enfermeiras obstétricas devem apoiar as mulheres nessa sua decisão.

Objective: to describe the choice of planned homebirth attended by a nurse midwife in a large urban centre, from the perspective of Brazilian women. Methods: in this Grounded Theory study, ten women aged 20 to 41 years, who had a planned homebirth accompanied by a nurse midwife, were interviewed. Participants were recruited through a social network by accessing a group of women who wrote about their homebirth. Results: two categories emerged: seeing no possibility of giving birth naturally in the hospital environment; and thinking about the safety of a planned homebirth. Hospital represented several unfavourable aspects, such as unnecessary interventions and loneliness. Women thought of home as a safe place to give birth, connected with nurse midwife care. Conclusion: there are women who do not wish to give birth in hospital, but prefer to give birth at home and, from the point of view of human rights and de-medicalized care, nurse midwives should support women in their decision.

Objetivo: describir la elección del parto domiciliario planificado con enfermera obstétrica en un gran centro urbano, desde la perspectiva de mujeres brasileñas. Métodos: estudio cualitativo guiado por la Grounded Theory. Se entrevistó a diez mujeres entre 20 y 41 años que tuvieron parto domiciliario planificado, siendo acompañadas de enfermeras obstétricas. Las participantes fueron reclutadas a través de red social, accediendo a un grupo de mujeres que escribieron sobre su parto en domicilio. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: las que no veían posibilidad de dar a luz naturalmente en el hospital y las que pensaron en la seguridad del parto domiciliario planificado. El hospital representó varios aspectos desfavorables como intervenciones innecesarias y soledad. Las mujeres consideraban que el hogar era un ambiente seguro para dar a luz, vinculado al cuidado de enfermeras obstétricas. Conclusión: hay mujeres que no desean dar a luz en el hospital, prefieren hacerlo en casa y, desde el punto de vista de los derechos humanos y de los cuidados sin la intervención de un médico, las enfermeras obstétricas deben apoyarlas en esa decisión.

Expectativas sobre a sobrevivência ao câncer de pacientes internados em unidades de clínica / Cancer survival expectations of patients admitted to inpatient clinical units / Expectativas sobre la supervivencia al cáncer de pacientes ingresados en unidades de hospitalización

Objetivo: analisar as expectativas de pacientes internados devido ao diagnóstico de câncer sobre o término do tratamento e a sobrevivência à doença. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo realizado com 32 pacientes internados em um hospital universitário. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e junho de 2019 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica para tratamento dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se predomínio de expectativas sobre de autonomia para realizar atividades do cotidiano, relacionando à retomada dos papéis sociais e às mudanças de hábitos após o tratamento. Conclusões: é necessário reconhecer as expectativas do sobrevivente ao câncer para auxiliá-lo em direção ao protagonismo acerca de suas decisões sobre sua vida futura e tratamento, incentivando a autonomia na construção do seu processo de saúde.

Objective: to analyze the expectations of hospital inpatients diagnosed with cancer as to the end of treatment and their surviving the disease. Method: in this qualitative, descriptive study of 32 inpatients at a university hospital, data were collected by semi-structured interview between April and June 2019 and treated by content analysis. Results: expectations for autonomy in performing daily activities predominated, i.e., for resuming social roles and changing habits after treatment. Conclusions: cancer survivors' expectations must be acknowledged in order to assist them towards taking the lead in decisions about their future life and treatment and to encourage autonomy in constructing their health process.

Objetivo: analizar las expectativas de los pacientes hospitalizados debido al diagnóstico de cáncer en cuanto al término del tratamiento y la supervivencia a la enfermedad. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado junto a 32 pacientes ingresados en un hospital universitario. La recolección de datos se realizó entre abril y junio de 2019 a través de entrevista semiestructurada y la técnica para el tratamiento de los datos fue el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se observó que predominan expectativas sobre tener autonomía para realizar las actividades diarias, relacionado a la reanudación de los roles sociales y a los cambios de hábitos tras el tratamiento. Conclusiones: Es necesario reconocer las expectativas del superviviente al cáncer para asistirlo en el protagonismo sobre sus decisiones en cuanto a su vida futura y su tratamiento, incentivando la autonomía en la construcción de su proceso de salud.

Refletindo sobre a sacralização da amamentação e sua influência na sexualidade materna / Reflexionando sobre la sacralización de la lactancia materna y su influencia en la sexualidad materna / Reflecting on the sacralization of breastfeeding and its influence on maternal sexuality

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a sacralização da amamentação e sua influência na sexualidade materna. Método: trata-se de estudo teórico-reflexivo sobre a experiência da amamentação, centrado nas concepções instituídas socialmente sobre o ato de amamentar e na vivência da sexualidade durante a maternidade. Resultados: a articulação do estudo com a realidade vivida por mulheres que amamentam possibilitou o reconhecimento da influência do paradigma vigente da sacralização da amamentação nos significados e escolhas da forma de agir das mulheres. As repercussões podem ser danosas tanto para a saúde materna quanto para a criança, por meio da vivência de sentimentos de culpa, vergonha ou até mesmo a decisão pelo desmame precoce. Conclusão: a amamentação é pautada no alicerce dos significados que envolve a divindade e a sacralização do ato de amamentar, anulando perspectivas da sexualidade e tendo como consequência uma visão distorcida e velada do que é vivido quando comparado com o que é desejado socialmente para esse período.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la sacralización de la lactancia materna y su influencia en la sexualidad materna. Método: se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo sobre la experiencia de la lactancia materna, centrado en concepciones socialmente instituidas sobre el acto de amamantar y sobre la vivencia de la sexualidad durante la maternidad. Resultados: la articulación del estudio con la realidad vivida por las mujeres que amamantan permitió reconocer la influencia del paradigma actual de sacralización de la lactancia materna sobre los significados y elecciones de cómo actúan las mujeres. Las repercusiones pueden ser perjudiciales para la salud tanto materna como infantil, a través de la experiencia de sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza o incluso la decisión de realizar un destete temprano. Conclusión: la lactancia materna se basa en el fundamento de significados que involucran la divinidad y la sacralización del acto de amamantar, anulando las perspectivas de la sexualidad y dando como resultado una visión distorsionada y velada de lo vivido frente a lo socialmente deseado para este período.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the sacralization of breastfeeding and its influence on maternal sexuality. Method: this is a theoretical-reflective study on the experience of breastfeeding, centered on socially instituted conceptions about the act of breastfeeding and on the experience of sexuality during motherhood. Results: the articulation of the study with the reality experienced by women who breastfeed enabled the recognition of the influence of the current paradigm of sacralization of breastfeeding on the meanings and choices of how women act. The repercussions can be harmful for both maternal and child health, through the experience of feelings of guilt, shame or even the decision to wean early. Conclusion: breastfeeding is based on the foundation of meanings involving divinity and the sacralization of the act of breastfeeding, nullifying perspectives of sexuality and resulting in a distorted and veiled view of what is experienced when compared to what is socially desired for this period.