Design of XS2 (X = W or Mo)-Decorated VS2 Hybrid Nano-Architectures with Abundant Active Edge Sites for High-Rate Asymmetric Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions.

Two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising materials for supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications. Herein, the molybdenum sulfide (MoS2 )@vanadium sulfide (VS2 ) and tungsten sulfide (WS2 )@VS2  hybrid nano-architectures prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal approach is reported. Hierarchical hybrids lead to rich exposed active edge sites, tuned porous nanopetals-decorated morphologies, and high intrinsic activity owing to the strong interfacial interaction between the two materials. Fabricated supercapacitors using MoS2 @VS2  and WS2 @VS2  electrodes exhibit high specific capacitances of 513 and 615 F g- 1 , respectively, at an applied current of 2.5 A g- 1  by the three-electrode configuration. The asymmetric device fabricated using WS2 @VS2  electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 222 F g- 1  at an applied current of 2.5 A g- 1  with the specific energy of 52 Wh kg- 1  at a specific power of 1 kW kg- 1 . For HER, the WS2 @VS2  catalyst shows noble characteristics with an overpotential of 56 mV to yield 10 mA cm- 2 , a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec-1 , and an exchange current density of 1.73 mA cm- 2 . In addition, density functional theory calculations are used to evaluate the durable heterostructure formation and adsorption of hydrogen atom on the various accessible sites of MoS2 @VS2  and WS2 @VS2  heterostructures.

Current trends and prospects in catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock into ultrapure biofuels.

Eco-friendly renewable energy sources have recommended as fossil fuel alternatives in recent years to reduce environmental pollution and meet future energy demands in various sectors. As the largest source of renewable energy in the world, lignocellulosic biomass has received considerable interest from the scientific community to advance the fabrication of biofuels and ultrafine value-added chemicals. For example, biomass obtained from agricultural wastes could catalytically convert into furan derivatives. Among furan derivatives, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2, 5-dimethylfuran (DMF) are considered the most useful molecules that can be transformed into desirable products such as fuels and fine chemicals. Because of its exceptional properties, e.g., water insolubility and high boiling point, DMF has studied as the ideal fuel in recent decades. Interestingly, HMF, a feedstock upgraded from biomass sources can easily hydrogenate to produce DMF. In the present review, the current state of the art and studies on the transformation of HMF into DMF using noble metals, non-noble metals, bimetallic catalysts, and their composites have discussed elaborately. In addition, comprehensive insights into the operating reaction conditions and the influence of employed support over the hydrogenation process have demonstrated.

Unveiling the Redox Electrochemistry of MOF-Derived fcc-NiCo@GC Polyhedron as an Advanced Electrode Material for Boosting Specific Energy of the Supercapattery.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), which constitute a new class of porous organic-inorganic hybrid materials, have gained considerable attention in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices owing to their open topological structures, large surface areas, tunable morphologies, and extreme redox activity. A synthesis protocol that comprises coprecipitation followed by controlled calcination processes to design a battery-type electrode is used. This electrode consists of three-dimensional (3D), ant cave-like polyhedrons of nickel-cobalt alloy on graphitic carbon (GC; NiCo@GC) nanostructures; trimesic acid is used as a potential MOF-linker. The developed NiCo@GC sample exhibits mesoporous characteristics with the maximum surface area of 94.08 m2 g-1 at 77 K. In addition, the redox activity at different sweep rates reveals the battery-type charge storage behavior of the NiCo@GC electrode; its three-electrode assembly provides 444 C g-1 specific capacity at 2 A g-1 with long-term capacity retention. The constructed supercapattery (SC) devices (i.e., AC//NiCo@GC) achieved capacity, specific energy, and specific power are 74.3 mAh g-1 , 39.5 Wh kg-1 , and 665 W kg-1 , respectively. Owing to its reasonable electrochemical characteristics, the prepared NiCo@GC material is a promising candidate for supercapattery electrodes for portable electronic devices.

Impact of Molybdenum Dichalcogenides on the Active and Hole-Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells, X-Ray Detectors, and Photodetectors.

The interface architectures of inorganic-organic halide perovskite-based devices play key roles in achieving high performances with these devices. Indeed, the perovskite layer is essential for synergistic interactions with the other practical modules of these devices, such as the hole-/electron-transfer layers. In this work, a heterostructure geometry comprising transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2  = MoS2 , MoSe2 , and MoTe2 ) and perovskite- or hole-transfer layers is prepared to achieve improved device characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), X-ray detectors, and photodetectors. A superior efficiency of 11.36% is realized for the active layer with MoTe2 in the PSC device. Moreover, X-ray detectors using modulated MoTe2 nanostructures in the active layers achieve 296 nA cm-2 , 3.12 mA (Gy cm2 )-1 and 3.32 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 of collected current density, sensitivity, and mobility, respectively. The fabricated photodetector produces a high photoresponsivity of 956 mA W-1 for a visible light source, with an excellent external quantum efficiency of 160% for the perovskite layer containing MoSe2 nanostructures. Density functional theory calculations are made for pure and MoX2 doped perovskites' geometrical, density of states and optical properties variations evidently. Thus, the present study paves the way for using perovskite-based devices modified by TMDs to develop highly efficient semiconductor devices.

Ternary Zn1-xNixSe nanostructures as efficient photocatalysts for detoxification of hazardous Congo red, methyl orange, and chrome yellow dyes in wastewater sources.

Water contamination by hazardous organic pollutants poses an extreme threat to the environment and globally endangers aquatic life and human health. Hence, the removal of toxic organic effluents from water sources is necessary to ensure a healthy green environment. To this end, a new class of emerging, visible-light-driven Zn- and Ni-based ternary metal-selenide (Zn1-xNixSe) nanophotocatalysts, with tunable nanostructures via regulation of the stoichiometric ratios of Zn and Ni, were synthesized for efficient water purification by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. These catalysts exhibit outstanding porous properties, with large surface areas and average particle sizes of around 80 ± 10 nm. The as-prepared ternary Zn1-xNixSe catalysts enable improved optical properties, intrinsic conductivity, bandgap reductions, and large numbers of active sites compared with pristine materials, thereby exhibiting outstanding degradation properties against various dye molecules, including Congo red, methyl orange, and chrome-IV upon visible light irradiation. The improved photodegradation capabilities of the Zn1-xNixSe catalysts may be attributed to the synergistic combinations of Zn and Ni selenides, which in turn minimize the recombination rates of the photogenerated carriers compared to their individual constituents. These findings clearly demonstrate that the proposed ternary Zn1-xNixSe catalysts could be potentially used to remove toxic organic contaminants from industrial wastewater.

High-Performance Platinum-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Molybdenum Disulfide Films as Counter Electrodes.

By using a radio-frequency sputtering method, we synthesized large-area, uniform, and transparent molybdenum disulfide film electrodes (1, 3, 5, and 7 min) on transparent and conducting fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), as ecofriendly, cost-effective counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These CEs were used in place of the routinely used expensive platinum CEs for the catalytic reduction of a triiodide electrolyte. The structure and morphology of the MoS2 was analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements and the DSSC characteristics were investigated. An unbroken film of MoS2 was identified on the FTO crystallites from field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel curve measurements reveal the promise of MoS2 as a CE with a low charge-transfer resistance, high electrocatalytic activity, and fast reaction kinetics for the reduction of triiodide to iodide. Finally, an optimized transparent MoS2 CE, obtained after 5 min synthesis time, showed a high power-conversion efficiency of 6.0 %, which comparable to the performance obtained with a Pt CE (6.6 %) when used in TiO2 -based DSCCs, thus signifying the importance of sputtering time on DSSC performance.

Metal oxide-embedded carbon-based materials for polymer solar cells and X-ray detectors.

This study examines the effects of hybrid nanoparticles made of NiO@rGO (reduced graphene oxide) and NiO@CNT (carbon nanotubes) on PCDTBT and PCBM active layers in glass/ITO/HTL/active-layer/LiF/Al structured bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) and X-ray photodetectors. These hybrid nanoparticles were used to create BHJ solar cells and photodetectors, and microscopic research was conducted to determine how they affect the structure of the devices. The findings show that compared to conventional matrices, the active layers with NiO@rGO and NiO@CNT incorporation have increased the charge carrier capacities and exciton dissociation properties. In order to assess their impact on the characteristics of charge transport, various weight ratios of these hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in polymer junctions are being investigated. Notably, compared to the pure PCDTBT:PCBM active layer (power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 4.35%), the NiO@CNT device has the highest PCE = 6.42% which, among the tested configurations, demonstrates its superior performance in converting sunlight into electricity. Among the tested X-ray detector materials, "NiO@CNT" achieves the best performance with a sensitivity of 1.92 mA Gy-1 cm-2. Through improved interfacial behaviors and effective charge transport, this work highlights the potential of these cutting-edge hybrid nanoparticles to enhance the performance of organic electronic devices.

Optical and UV Shielding Properties of Inorganic Nanoparticles Embedded in Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanocomposite Freestanding Films.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an interesting polymer employed in various applications due to its outstanding properties. However, its electrical and mechanical properties can be further improved by incorporating nanoparticles, and in particular, PMMA nanocomposite with nanoparticles provides various multifunctional properties. This work reports PMMA nanocomposite preparation and structural and optical characterizations incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TiO2 nanoparticles, and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). CNT/PMMA, TiO2/PMMA, and CQD/PMMA nanocomposite freestanding films were prepared using a simple solution method. Various properties of the prepared composite films were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared, and UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. Optical parameters and photocatalytic dye degradation for the films are reported, focusing on the properties of the materials. The CNT/PMMA, TiO2/PMMA, and CQD/PMMA films achieved, respectively, good electrical conductivity, photodegradation, and fluorescence compared with other composite films.

Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection.

Schiff base (HNPD) was achieved by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine in enthanol medium. The spectroscopic analyses were done to establish the formation of Schiff base apparently. Further, synthesized Schiff base conjugate was successfully used as a fluorogenic chemosensor to detect aluminium ions (Al3+) with high fluorescence amplification among the other interfering various metal ions. The limit of detection of 0.0248 × 10-6 M and a binding constant of 6.19 × 103 M-1 were obtained by the receptor HNPD for Al3+ detection. A high influence of intramolecular charge transfer kinetics was established to realize the selective responsiveness towards Al3+ ions. Density functional theory approximation formulated the band energy modulation and localization and delocalization of electron density for the HNPD and Al3+ complexation. The developed sensor ultimately inspected on the real soil and water samples and ascertained the practical ability of Al3+ ions detection of HNPD chemosensor.

Fabrication of chitosan/fibrin-armored multifunctional silver nanocomposites to improve antibacterial and wound healing activities.

A wound healing substitute promotes rapid tissue regeneration and protects wound sites from microbial contamination. The silver-based antiseptic frequently moist skin stains, burns and irritation, penetrates deep wounds and protects against pathogenic infections. Thus, we formulated a novel fibrin/chitosan encapsulated silver nanoparticle (CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP) composites bandage accelerating the polymicrobial wound healing. Electrospinning method was employed to form the nano-porous, inexpensive, and biocompatible smart bandages. The structural, functional, and mechanical properties were analyzed for the prepared composites. The biological capacity of prepared CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP bandage was assessed against NIH-3 T3 fibroblast and HaCaT cell lines. In vitro hemolytic assays using red blood cells were extensively studied and explored the low hemolytic effect (4.5 %). In addition, the improved drug delivery nature captured for the CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP composite bandage. Antibacterial experiments were achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus using zone inhibition method. Moreover, in-vivo wound healing efficacy of fabricated smart bandage was evaluated on the albino Wistar rats which revealed the significant improvement on the postoperative abdomen wounds.

Development of chitosan-based cerium and titanium oxide loaded polycaprolactone for cutaneous wound healing and antibacterial applications.

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) based nanomaterials have emerged as promising dermal equivalents, promoting fibroblast infiltration and tissues regeneration. To enhance the antibacterial and wound healing activity, herein chitosan (CS)-CeO2 combined nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) complex loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanohybrid (CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL) scaffolds were prepared through casting method. The nanohybrid scaffolds' physiochemical, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated using advanced analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum evidently depicted the various intermolecular interactions on the nanohybrid scaffolds. The developed scaffold exhibited the high swelling behavior and good degradability and permeability which is beneficial for absorbing wound transudation to fasten the healing efficacy. Moreover, CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL scaffolds owned the better antibacterial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus. Also, MTT assay on fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells indicated improved cell viability and proliferation. In vivo results revealed that the fabricated scaffold full aid to complete wound closure after 14 days which showed CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL as the significant wound dressing material with potential antibacterial immunity.

Formulation of Hierarchical Nanowire-Structured CoNiO2 and MoS2/CoNiO2 Hybrid Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications.

Hierarchical porous nanowire-like MoS2/CoNiO2 nanohybrids were synthesized via the hydrothermal process. CoNiO2 nanowires were selected due to the edge site, high surface/volume ratio, and superior electrochemical characteristics as the porous backbone for decoration of layered MoS2 nanoflakes to construct innovative structure hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) porous NWs MoS2/CoNiO2 hybrids with excellent charge accumulation and efficient ion transport capabilities. Physicochemical analyses were conducted on the developed hybrid composite, revealing conclusive evidence that the CoNiO2 nanowires have been securely anchored onto the surface of the MoS2 nanoflake array. The electrochemical results strongly proved the benefit of the hierarchical 3D porous MoS2/CoNiO2 hybrid structure for the charge storage kinetics. The synergistic characteristics arising from the MoS2/CoNiO2 composite yielded a notably high specific capacitance of 1340 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. Furthermore, the material exhibited sustained cycling stability, retaining 95.6% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 long cycles. The asymmetric device comprising porous MoS2/CoNiO2//activated carbon encompassed outstanding energy density (93.02 Wh/kg at 0.85 kW/kg) and cycling stability (94.1% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles). Additionally, the successful illumination of light-emitting diodes underscores the significant potential of the synthesized MoS2/CoNiO2 (2D/1D) hybrid for practical high-energy storage applications.

Density Functional Theory Approximations and Experimental Investigations on Co1-xMoxTe2 Alloy Electrocatalysts Tuning the Overall Water Splitting Reactions.

Understanding the relationship between electronic structure, surface characteristic, and reaction process of a catalyst helps to architect proficient electrodes for sustainable energy development. The highly active and stable catalysts made of earth-abundant materials provide a great endeavor toward green hydrogen production. Herein, we assembled the Co1-xMoxTe (x = 0-1) nanoarray structures into a bifunctional electrocatalyst to achieve high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics under alkaline conditions. The designed Co0.75Mo0.25Te and Co0.50Mo0.50 electrocatalysts require minimum overpotential and Tafel slope for high-efficacy HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, we constructed a Co0.50Mo0.50Te2∥Co0.50Mo0.50Te2 device for overall water splitting with an overpotential of 1.39 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is superior to noble electrocatalyst performance, with stable reaction throughout the 50 h continuous process. Density functional theory approximations and Gibbs free energy calculations validate the enhanced water splitting reaction catalyzed by the Co0.50Mo0.50Te2 nanoarrays. The partial replacement of Co atoms with Mo atoms in the Co0.50Mo0.50Te2 structure substantially enhances the water electrolysis kinetics through the synergistic effects between the combined metal atoms and the bonded chalcogen.

Synthesis of chitosan based reduced graphene oxide-CeO2 nanocomposites for drug delivery and antibacterial applications.

In this study, the unique characteristics of chitosan, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and cerium oxide (CeO2) based hybrid bionano-composites make a carrier for various drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. The recent literatures shown that addition of biopolymers to rGO and CeO2 based nanocomposites exhibit excellent performance in design and development of biosensors, wound dressings, electrodes, microfluidic chips, drug delivery systems and energy storage applications. Chitosan (CS), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) mixed with cerium oxide (CeO2) to form CS-rGO and CS-rGO-CeO2 hybrid bionano-composites using precipitation method. The physiochemical characterization of casted nanocomposite sheet was done using FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis spectrum, SEM and TGA. The XRD results of CS-rGO-CeO2 revealed that the nanoparticle was found to be crystalline structure. FTIR revealed that nitrogen functionalities of CS interacted with rGO-CeO2 to form hybrid nanocomposites. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the CS-rGO-CeO2 has better thermal stability up to 550 °C. The SEM confirms the surface morphology of CS-rGO-CeO2 has large surface area with smooth surface. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of nanocomposites exhibit excellent zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The NIH3T3 cell line evaluations showed superior cell adhesion on hybrid nanocomposites. Hence bionano-composite based on CS, rGO and CeO2 are potential biomaterials for drug delivery and antibacterial applications.

Room-temperature response of MOF-derived Pd@PdO core shell/γ-Fe2O3 microcubes decorated graphitic carbon based ultrasensitive and highly selective H2 gas sensor.

With the current upsurge in hydrogen economies all over the world, an increased demand for improved chemiresistive H2 sensors that are highly responsive and fast acting when exposed to gases is expected. Owing to safety concerns about explosive and highly flammable H2 gas, it is important to develop resistive sensors that can detect the leakage of H2 gas swiftly and selectively. Currently, interest in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas-sensor applications is increasing due to their open-metal sites, large surface area, and unique surface morphologies. In this research, a highly selective and sensitive H2-sensor was established based on graphitic carbon (GC) anchored spherical Pd@PdO core-shells over γ-Fe2O3 microcube (Pd@PdO/γ-Fe2O3@GC which is termed as S3) heterostructure materials. The combined solvothermal followed by controlled calcination-assisted S3 exhibited a specific morphology with the highest surface area of 79.12 m2 g-1, resulting in fast response and recovery times (21 and 29 s, respectively), and excellent sensing performance (ΔR/R0∼ 96.2 ± 1.5), outstanding long-term stability, and a 100 ppb detection limit when detecting H2-gas at room temperature (mainly in very humid surroundings). This result proves that adsorption sites provided by S3 can promote surface reactions (adsorption and desorption) for ultrasensitive and selective H2gas sensors.

Tuning of electron transport layers using MXene/metal-oxide nanocomposites for perovskite solar cells and X-ray detectors.

This work elaborates on the decoration of metal oxides (ZnO and Fe3O4) between MXene sheets for use as the supporting geometry of PCBM electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells and X-ray detectors. The metal oxide supports for carrying the plentiful charge carriers and the hydrophobic nature of MXenes provide an easy charge transfer path through their flakes and a smooth surface for the ETL. The developed interface engineering based on the MXene/ZnO and MXene/Fe3O4 hybrid ETL results in improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.31% and 13.79%, respectively. The observed PCE is improved to 25.80% and 30.34% by blending the MXene/ZnO and MXene/Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the PCBM layer, respectively. Various factors, such as surface modification, swift interfacial interaction, roughness decrement, and charge transport improvement, are strongly influenced to improve the device performance. Moreover, X-ray detectors with the MXene/Fe3O4-modulated PCBM ETL achieve a CCD-DCD, sensitivity, mobility, and trap density of 15.46 µA cm-2, 4.63 mA per Gy per cm2, 5.21 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, and 1.47 × 1015 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Metal oxide-decorated MXene sheets incorporating the PCBM ETL are a significant route for improving the photoactive species generation, long-term stability, and high mobility of perovskite-based devices.

Investigation of the one-step electrochemical deposition of graphene oxide-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyphenol oxidase as a dopamine sensor.

In this paper, we fabricated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-graphene oxide-polyphenol oxidase (PEDOT-GO-PPO) as a dopamine sensor. The morphology of PEDOT-GO-PPO was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted to study the oxidation-reduction characteristics of dopamine. To optimize the pH, potential and limit of detection of dopamine, the amperometric technique was employed. The found limit of detection was 8 × 10-9 M, and the linear range was from 5 × 10-8 to 8.5 × 10-5 M. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m) was calculated to be 70.34 µM, and the activation energy of the prepared electrode was 32.75 kJ mol-1. The electrode shows no significant change in the interference study. The modified electrode retains up to 80% of its original activity after 2 months. In the future, the biosensor can be used for the quantification of dopamine in human urine samples. The present modified electrode constitutes a tool for the electrochemical analysis of dopamine.

Bifunctional iron molybdate as highly effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst and Li-ion battery anode.

Three-dimensional materials have attracted considerable interest in energy and environmental remediation fields. Iron molybdate (FMO) materials have prepared via a facile hydrothermal technique with glycerol assistance, and their structural and chemical composition confirmed using various physico-chemical techniques. The prepared bi-functional material is a strong candidate for energy storage and electrocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue and Congo red. Experimental results confirmed the synthesized FMO-10 catalyst was extremely efficient for methylene blue and Congo red breakdown, achieving 91 % and 96 % degradation in 36 h, respectively. This high catalytic activity was attributed to FMO significant visible light absorption, and reactive OH formation from H2O2 synergistically triggered by both Fe3+ and MoO42-. Prepared FMO samples demonstrated excellent potential as negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrode specific capacity initially dropped then rebounded to 1265 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1 change rate between 0.01 and 3.0 V.

Development of Binder-Free Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-like Porous Ternary Layered Double Hydroxide-Embedded MXene Sheets for Bi-Functional Overall Water Splitting Reactions.

In this study, a honeycomb-like porous-structured nickel-iron-cobalt layered double hydroxide/Ti3C2Tx (NiFeCo-LDH@MXene) composite was successfully fabricated on a three-dimensional nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal approach. Owing to their distinguishable characteristics, the fabricated honeycomb porous-structured NiFeCo-LDH@MXene composites exhibited outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for pair hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline medium. The developed NiFeCo-LDH@MXene electrocatalyst required low overpotentials of 130 and 34 mV to attain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for OER and HER, respectively. Furthermore, an assembled NiFeCo-LDH@MXene‖NiFeCo-LDH@MXene device exhibited a cell voltage of 1.41 V for overall water splitting with a robust firmness for over 24 h to reach 10 mA cm-2 current density, signifying outstanding performance for water splitting reactions. These results demonstrated the promising potential of the designed 3D porous NiFeCo-LDH@MXene sheets as outstanding candidates to replace future green energy conversion devices.

Fabrication of High-Performance Solar Cells and X-ray Detectors Using MoX2@CNT Nanocomposite-Tuned Perovskite Layers.

The interface design of inorganic and organic halide perovskite-based devices plays an important role to attain high performance. The modification of transport layers (ETL and HTL) or the perovskite layer is given the crucial inspiration to realize superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The highly conducting 2D materials of CNT, graphene/GO, and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are suitable substitutes to tune the electronic structure/work function of perovskite devices. Herein, the nanocomposites composed of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2 = MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2) stretched CNT was embedded with HTL or perovskite layer to improve the resulted characteristics of perovskite devices of solar cells and X-ray detectors. A superior solar cell efficiency of 12.57% was realized for the MoTe2@CNT nanocomposites using a modified active layer-composed device. Additionally, X-ray detectors with MoTe2@CNT-modulated active layers achieved 13.32 µA/cm2, 3.99 mA/Gy·cm2, 4.81 × 10-4 cm2/V·s, and 2.13 × 1015 cm2/V·s of CCD-DCD, sensitivity, mobility, and trap density, respectively. Density functional theory approximation was used to realize the improved electronics properties, optical properties, and energy band structures in the MoX2@CNT-doped perovskites evidently. Thus, the current research paves the way for the improvement of highly efficient semiconductor devices based on perovskite-based structures with the use of 2D nanocomposites.