EFFECTIVENESS OVER TIME OF THE REVERSE SHOULDER PROSTHESIS FOR ACUTE PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURE.

BACKGROUND: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has proven to be an effective surgical procedure for irreparable rotator cuff tears, comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus and shoulder arthroplasty revision surgeries. We know from the literature that the functional results are good in the short term, but not whether these results remain stable in the long term or, on the contrary, show a deterioration in functionality. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the functionality, degree of satisfaction, complications, and prosthesis survival at different cut-off points in patients with complex proximal humerus fractures treated with RSA, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 7 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical, longitudinal and prospective observational study of a cohort of patients treated for a fracture of the proximal humerus with PIH. Functional outcome was assessed using the Constant scale and the Constant adjusted for age and gender of the patients. Quality of life was measured using the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Assessment scale (UCLA) and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score scale (QuickDASH). In addition, range of motion, pain and radiological variables of loosening, scapular notching and tuberosity consolidation were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included with a mean postoperative follow-up of 8.3 years (range 7-12 years). There was a progressive and significant decrease in Constant score at 5and7years follow-up compared to the baseline assessment 2 years after surgery, although the effect size was not significant. The age- and sex-adjusted Constant as well as the UCLA scale did not show statistically significant variations at follow-up. Both shoulder abduction and anterior shoulder flexion correlated well with the final QuickDASH score. Radiological variables did not influence any of the study outcome variables. CONCLUSION: The functionality and quality of life of patients with complex proximal humerus fractures treated with RSA decreased significantly compared to the 2-year evaluation, although this change was not clinically relevant. Survival of RSA was satisfactory in the medium to long term with a low complication rate.

A relevant number of patients do not increase their engagement in physical, social and leisure activities at the medium-term after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in engagement in physical, leisure and social activities in older adults following primary TKA. METHODS: A prospective study of 106 patients with a mean age of 72.6 (SD 7.4) years undergoing primary TKA was performed. Physical, social and leisure activities performed by the patients preoperatively and postoperatively at 3-year were recorded. Activities were selected according to the age, and grouped as passive, moderate and high intensity. The energy spent in each activity was expressed in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) units. Charlson Comorbidity Index, Mini-mental test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) scores were also used. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictors of active patients. RESULTS: Mean WOMAC significantly improved from preoperative (34.8, SD 11.8) to final follow-up (74.4, SD 11.1) (p = 0.001), and the mean energy spent increased from 10.7 (SD 13.6) to 28.2 (SD 16.2) MET-hour weekly (p = 0.001) with a decrease in the passive activities and increase in the moderate activities. However, the participation in high-intensity activities according to age was negligible. Only 65 (61.3%) patients were considered active postoperatively (weekly spending ≥ 40 MET), although the WOMAC scores were not significantly different between active and sedentary patients. Active patients compared with sedentary patients had a significant increase in engagement in physical, social and leisure activities, and a decrease in passive activities. Female gender (p = 0.037), less preoperatively participation in passive activities (p = 0.042), and greater participation in social activities (p = 0.027) were significant predictors of active patients at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Overall, most patients increased their activity level postoperatively. However, 38.6% of patients had no increased engagement in moderate physical, social or leisure activities at the medium-term despite improvements in pain and function provided by TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Change in 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery over the last decade in a European population.

OBJECTIVE: There are scarce data on the mortality after hip fracture surgery for patients treated in the most recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the overall initiatives introduced over the last decade for elderly patients with hip fractures had a positive impact on the 1-year mortality. METHODS: Patients treated during 2010-2012 were compared with patients treated during 2018-2020 for all-cause 1-year mortality. Variables influencing mortality were collected based on the literature, including demographic, comorbidity, cognitive status, and preinjury physical function. Crude mortalities were compared between periods, as well as with the expected mortality in the general population adjusted for age, gender, and year of surgery using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). A multivariate model was used to identify mortality risk factors. RESULTS: 591 patients older than 65 years were treated during 2010-2012 and 642 patients during 2018-2020. The mean age increased significantly between periods (78.9 vs. 82.6 years, respectively, p = 0.001) in both genders, together with an increase in comorbidity (p = 0.014). The in-hospital mortality risk had no significant difference between periods (2.5 vs. 2.0%, p = 0.339), but the 30-day mortality risk (8.3 vs. 5.5%, p = 0.031) and 1-year mortality risk (16.1 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.023) declined significantly. However, 1-year mortality in 2020 had an excess of 1.33 in SMR. Age older than 80 years, male gender, and Charlson comorbidity index > 2 were significant predictors of 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION: The important evolution achieved in the last decade for the management of patients with hip fracture surgery has led to a significant decline in 1-year mortality, but the 1-year mortality remains significantly higher compared to the general population of similar age and gender.

Similar patient-reported outcomes for hybrid and cemented stem fixation for aseptic tibial revision total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of sequential prospective cohorts.

PURPOSE: The tibial stem fixation in an aseptic revision of total knee arthroplasty is poorly studied and controversial. The objective of this study was to prospectively compare clinical outcomes between hybrid and cemented fixation of the stem in aseptic tibial revision after a minimum follow-up of 5 years. METHODS: Two sequential prospective cohorts of patients who underwent aseptic tibial revision were compared after a minimum follow-up of five years: 31 had both tibial tray and stem cemented (cemented group), and 42 had a hybrid fixation with tibial tray cemented and stem cementless (hybrid group). Clinical assessment was performed by the Knee Society Scores and reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Radiological assessment was also performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative data between groups. Postoperatively, no significant differences between groups in clinical scores or complication rate were found. Survival of the TKA revision at 5-year was 94% (95% CI 89-98%) in the cemented group, and 98% (95% CI 92-100%) in the hybrid group (ns). CONCLUSION: Clinical outcomes and implant survival were comparable between hybrid and cemented tibial stem fixation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Negative Association of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Improvement in Patient-Reported Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential influence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on improvement in patient-reported outcome measures following primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: A prospective, comparative cohort study between 92 SCH and 90 euthyroid patients was performed. Patients were followed up to 5 postoperative years. Patient-reported outcome measure was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire. The Knee Society Scores were used for functional evaluation, and 5-point Likert scale for patient satisfaction. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was also used. RESULTS: All outcome scores significantly improved from preoperative to final follow-up in both groups (P = .001). There were no significant differences between groups in Knee Society Scores (P = .057) at the final follow-up, but Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores were significantly lower in the SCH group (P = .015). Likewise, the patient satisfaction rate was significant lower in the SCH group (0.010). CONCLUSION: SCH patients have a slower functional recovery than euthyroid patients, and trended toward lower improvements in patient-reported scores. Depression was the most important negative factor. The findings of this study can provide the surgeon with an important information for better counseling the SCH patients.

Influence of sesamoid position after scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus on patient-reported outcome. A prospective cohor study.

BACKGROUND: The objective was to evaluate the influence of the postoperative sesamoid position as measured with conventional radiographs on the patient-reported outcome after scarf osteotomy. The hypothesis was that incomplete reduction of the sesamoid would result in a decreased functional outcome. METHODS: Eighty-two patients who underwent scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus were prospectively assessed for up to two postoperative years. The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) was used to assess the quality of life, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale (AOFAS) for the functional outcome. A visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed pain, and Likert scale for patient satisfaction. Radiologically, hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and sesamoid position were analyzed. According to the final sesamoid position, patients were classified as normal position (48 patients) and outlier position (34 patients). A power analysis, conventional and logistic regression statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS: At the final follow-up, significant improvements in all clinical scores were observed for both groups (p = 0.001) with no significant difference in AOFAS score (p = 0.413), but SEFAS score (p = 0.023), VAS-pain (p = 0.006), and satisfaction (p = 0.014) were significantly better in the normal group than in the outlier group. There were significant differences between groups in final HVA (p = 0.042) and IMA (p = 0.040). In multivariate analysis, only lower VAS-pain score (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.6; p = 0.039) and normal sesamoid position (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.2; p = 0.012) were significant predictor of patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: At two postoperative years, normal sesamoid position as measured on weight-bearing radiographs was associated with lower pain and better patient satisfaction in patients underwent scarf osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus.

Prior unilateral total hip arthroplasty does not influence the outcome of ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of a prior well-functioning unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) on the functional outcome of a subsequent ipsilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of 92 patients older than 60 years underwent unilateral primary TKA after a prior ipsilateral THA (THA-TKA group) and 92 matched patients underwent only TKA (TKA group). Clinical assessments were performed using the Knee Society Scores (KSS) and Harris Hip Score (HSS), quality of life by the Reduced Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities (WOMAC) and Short-Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaires. Radiological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Median follow-up after TKA was 7.2 (range 5-9) years. There were no significant differences between groups in baseline data at the TKA time. The mean gains in KSS were similar in both groups. At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in WOMAC-pain or SF12-physical scores, but the WOMAC-function (p = 0.003) and SF12-mental (p = 0.018) scores were significantly better in the isolated TKA group. At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in the radiological knee alignment or component positions. For aseptic reasons, the TKA survival at 8 years in the TKA group was 95.8 (95% CI 87.8-100%), and 96.6% (95% CI 91.8-100%) in the THA-TKA group (ns). CONCLUSION: A well-functioning unilateral THA does not influence on the functional outcome of a subsequent ipsilateral TKA. This finding can help clinicians when counseling patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

An Integrative Systematic Review of Promoting Patient Safety Within Prehospital Emergency Medical Services by Paramedics: A Role Theory Perspective.

Timely and effective prehospital care significantly impacts patient outcomes. Paramedics, as the frontline providers of emergency medical services, are entrusted with a range of critical responsibilities aimed at safeguarding the well-being of patients from the moment they initiate contact in the out-of-hospital environment to the time of handover at healthcare facilities. This study aimed to understand the multifaceted roles of paramedics in promoting patient safety within the context of prehospital emergency medical services. A systematic review with an integrative approach using the Whittemore and Knafl's framework was performed examining qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research, then conducting data assessment, quality appraisal, and narrative research synthesis. Literature search encompassed PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus, Cinahl, ProQuest, Web of Science, and EMBASE, with the aim of retrieving studies published in English in the last decade from 2013 to 2023. To conceptualize the roles of paramedics in ensuring patient safety, the review findings were reflected to and analyzed through the role theory. The preliminary exploration of the database yielded 2397 studies, ultimately narrowing down to a final selection of 16 studies for in-depth data analysis and research synthesis. The review findings explored facilitators and obstacles faced by paramedics in maintaining patient safety in terms of role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload, role identity, and role insufficiency in the dynamic nature of prehospital care. It also highlighted the diverse roles of paramedics in ensuring patient safety, which encompassed effective communication and decision making for the appropriate management of life-threatening emergencies. The effectiveness of paramedics in playing their roles in promoting patient safety relies on acknowledging the contributions of paramedics to the culture of patient safety; training and educational initiatives focused on enhancing their decision-making abilities and both their non-technical and technical competencies; developing relevant guidelines and protocols; improving collaboration between paramedics and other healthcare peers; optimizing environmental conditions and equipment; fostering a supportive work environment.

The second victim phenomenon: A qualitative study among bachelor's degree nursing students within the clinical learning environment.

AIM: This study explores and describes the second victim phenomenon in nursing students in association with the characteristics of the clinical learning environment and the clinical supervision process. DESIGN: Qualitative design using conventional content analysis and summative content analysis approaches. METHODS: From September 2022 to July 2023, in-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 undergraduate nursing students. RESULTS: Six main themes were developed: 'defining the physical and psychological responses after the most significant patient safety incident', 'analyzing the characteristics of patient safety incidents', 'creating a safe learning environment to provide the best care for patients', 'developing mentorship capabilities and qualities for an ideal follow up of students as a second victim', 'providing resources and integrating support structures to second victim nursing students during their clinical learning', and 'considering the cooperation and coordination between the health institution and the higher education institutions.' CONCLUSION: Nursing students become second victims during their clinical placement. The clinical learning environment and mentoring characteristics influence the second victim experience.

Digital morphology network for effective teaching of cytology, histology and histopathology for medical and biology curriculum. VM3.0 Erasmus+ project.

INTRODUCTION: Digital microscopy transformation, the basis for the virtual microscopy applications, is a challenge but also a requirement in modern Medical Education. This paper presents the scope, background, methods, and results of the project "Digital Transformation of Histology and Histopathology by Virtual Microscopy (VM) for an Innovative Medical School Curriculum", VM3.0, funded by the European Union under the Erasmus+ framework (ref.no.2022-1- RO01-KA220-HED-000089017). The project was initiated at Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, with the support of Euroed Foundation, Iași, and cooperation of University partners from Gdansk (Poland), Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Alicante (Spain), and Patras (Greece) aimed to implement digital histology and histopathology teaching in a common network. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The backbone of the project was the development of a Digital Slide Platform based on the scans of histological slides collected from all the partners of the participating universities and the creation of a simple and fast digital/internet communication tool that could be used to improve histology and histopathology teaching of medical and natural sciences students. The construction of a Virtual Microscopy Library (VML) has been based on the acquisition of whole scans of high-quality histological slides stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and other classical staining methods and description of various organs' details in English as well as respective languages of the project's partners. The VML can be used for different approches, both for students' instruction in classes as well as for individual students' work and self-testing. Universities from other countries could use the modal structure of the developed VML system on the condition that more slides are provided and the implementation of national language(s) is implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The combined efforts of all university partners allowed to establish the dynamic low-cost virtual microscopy educational system. The VM system could help unify the standards of cytology, histology, and histopathology teaching in a quest for the digital transformation of the European educational system.

Sesamoid Position Change Over 2 Years After Distal Chevron Osteotomy for Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Sesamoid position change after distal chevron osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus is not well known in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine whether the sesamoid position changed over 2 years after distal chevron osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients who underwent distal chevron osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus were prospectively assessed for 2 years. There were 91 females, and the mean age was 54.9 (SD 10.9) years. The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) was used for functional assessment. Foot pain was assessed by a 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction by a 5-point Likert scale. Radiologically, hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), metatarsal head displacement, and sesamoid position by the AOFAS criteria were analyzed. Patients were classified according to the medial sesamoid position on the first postoperative weightbearing radiograph (1º-WB-Xray) into the reduced sesamoid group (66 patients) and nonreduced sesamoid group (31 patients). RESULTS: All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month and 2 years. On the 1º-WB-Xray, IMA was significantly lower in the reduced group (P = .038), but HVA (P = .063) and DMAA (P = .246) were not significantly different. At the final follow-up, no patients in the reduced group had sesamoid position change from 1º-WB-Xray, whereas 8 (25.8%) patients in the nonreduced group had change of their sesamoid positions. The SEFAS was not significantly different between groups preoperatively (P = .386) or at 1 month postoperation (P = .064). The final SEFAS, VAS pain, and satisfaction scores were significantly better in the reduced group, although the clinical significance of these changes remains unknown. CONCLUSION: A nonreduced position of the sesamoids obtained in surgery can cause their increased malposition over 2 postoperative years and statistically less functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective cohort study.

Social Media Used and Teaching Methods Preferred by Generation Z Students in the Nursing Clinical Learning Environment: A Cross-Sectional Research Study.

Generation Z nursing students have a distinctive combination of attitudes, beliefs, social norms, and behaviors that will modify education and the nursing profession. This cross-sectional research study aimed to explore the social media use and characteristics of Generation Z in nursing students and to identify what were the most useful and preferred teaching methods during clinical training. Participants were Generation Z nursing degree students from a Spanish Higher Education Institution. A 41-item survey was developed and validated by an expert panel. The consecutive sample consisted of 120 students. Participants used social media for an average of 1.37 h (SD = 1.15) for clinical learning. They preferred, as teaching methods, linking mentorship learning to clinical experiences (x¯ = 3.51, SD = 0.88), online tutorials or videos (x¯ = 3.22, SD = 0.78), interactive gaming (x¯ = 3.09, SD = 1.14), and virtual learning environments (x¯ = 3, SD = 1.05). Regarding generational characteristics, the majority either strongly agreed or agreed with being high consumers of technology and cravers of the digital world (90.1%, n = 108 and 80%, n = 96). The authors consider it essential to expand our knowledge about the usefulness or possible use of teaching methods during clinical learning, which is essential at this moment because of the rapidly changing situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Critical Incident Techniques and Reflection in Nursing and Health Professions Education: Systematic Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: The terms critical incident technique and reflection are widely used but often not fully explained, resulting in ambiguity. PURPOSE: The aims of this review were to map and describe existing approaches to recording or using critical incidents and reflection in nursing and health professions literature over the last decade; identify challenges, facilitating factors, strengths, and weaknesses; and discuss relevance for nursing education. METHODS: A systematic narrative review was undertaken. MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched using MeSH terms, returning 223 articles (2006-2017). After exclusions, 41 were reviewed. RESULTS: Articles were categorized into 3 areas: descriptions of the development of an original tool or model, critical incidents or reflection on events used as a learning tool, and personal reflections on critical incidents. CONCLUSIONS: Benefits have been identified in all areas. More attention is needed to the pedagogy of reflection and the role of educators in reflection.

Medication Errors Involving Nursing Students: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the available empirical evidence on prelicensure nursing students' medication errors. A systematic literature review of original research publications was carried out. After the selection process, only 19 articles complied with all the requirements for inclusion in this review. The findings showed that few studies to date have analyzed errors and near misses involving nursing students, and the current evidence suggests that the incidence of them is high.

Development and psychometric testing of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale (CLES+T): the Spanish version.

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate the quality of the clinical learning process in international nursing education contexts. OBJECTIVES: This paper reports the development and psychometric testing of the Spanish version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale. DESIGN: Cross-sectional validation study of the scale. SETTING: 10 public and private hospitals in the Alicante area, and the Faculty of Health Sciences (University of Alicante, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: 370 student nurses on clinical placement (January 2011-March 2012). METHODS: The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale was translated using the modified direct translation method. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18 and AMOS 18.0.0 software. A multivariate analysis was conducted in order to assess construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate instrument reliability. RESULTS: An exploratory factorial analysis identified the five dimensions from the original version, and explained 66.4% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure of the Spanish version of the instrument. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was .95, ranging from .80 to .97 for the subscales. CONCLUSION: This version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for use as an assessment scale in Spanish-speaking countries.

La gestión de los cuidados enfermeros en el hospital San Juan de Dios de Alicante: a propósito de tres fuentes documentales inéditas del siglo XVIII / Management of nursing care in the San Juan de Dios hospital in Alicante: about three unpublished documentary sources of century XVIII

Se propone como objetivo principal mostrar y analizar tres fuentes documentales inéditas del siglo XVIII, localizadas en el Archivo Municipal Sant Joan d’Alacant que aportan información sobre la gestión de enfermería realizada en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Alicante. Son tres las fuentes documentales que se transcriben y analizan, una 'relación jurada de Fray Joseph Martínez Maza', fechando el documento entre 1710 y 1718; un 'Real privilegio de S.M. para amortizar la cantidad de 120 libras libres de sello y demás'. Dado en 23 de enero de 1794, a favor del convento hospital de N.P. San Juan de Dios de la ciudad de Alicante y un 'formulario o modelo para dar cumplimiento a la orden del nuncio de su Santidad referente a las rentas, gravámenes, limosnas y otras entradas, con la curación a pobres, enfermos, con arreglo a los libros de caja', datando el documento entre 1748 y 1760 (AU)

It is proposed as the main objective to display and analyse three unpublished documentary sources of the eighteenth century, located in the Municipal Archives of Sant Joan d’Alacant (Spain). These historic documents provide information on nursing management, held at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Alicante. Three documentary sources are transcribed and analysed: 1) a sworn statement of Fray Joseph Martinez Maza, dating between 1710 and 1718; 2) a royal privilege of His Majesty in order to repay the amount of 120 pounds and others. Given at January 23, 1794, in favour of the convent hospital NP San Juan de Dios city of Alicante, and 3) a form to comply with the order of the Papal Nuncio of His Holiness relating to income taxes, alms and other inputs, with healing the poor, sick, under books cash document dating between 1748 and 1760 (AU)

Enfermedad por virus Ébola y seguridad de las/los estudiantes de enfermería: experiencia de cooperación institucional en una práctica formativa de simulación / The Ebola virus and nursing student safety: experience of institutional cooperation in simulation training

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Satisfacción en la provisión de redes de apoyo social en grupos de acompañamiento a la maternidad / Satisfaction in providing social support networks in assistance groups for mothers

Objetivos: Conocer la percepción del grado de satisfacción que tienen las madres, con hijos menores de un año y que participan en las dinámicas grupales que los CAP ofrecen, en relación al contenido y redes de provisión del Apoyo Social (AS) así como las causas que disminuyen la satisfacción en el receptor de este apoyo. Material y métodos: Estudio con diseño cualitativo y enfoque fenomenológico. La población objeto de estudio estaba constituida por madres participantes en dinámicas grupales de cinco CAP de la provincia de Barcelona. Como instrumento de recogida de datos se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada, entre julio de 2011 y julio de 2012; todas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas. Resultados: AS informal: la mayoría de las madres están muy satisfechas-completamente satisfechas con el AS informativo, emocional y evaluativo procedente de las enfermeras; identificándose 4 categorías que contribuyen en esta percepción: contacto profesional/accesibilidad, disparidad y/o actualización, confianza y no procede. AS formal, la mayoría de las madres están muy satisfechas-completamente satisfechas con el AS informativo, emocional, evaluativo y técnico procedente de la pareja y madre (abuela materna); identificándose 8 categorías en esta percepción: disparidad y/o actualización en los consejos, exigencia, empatía, confianza, inseguridades, tiempo, distancia y no procede. Conclusiones: Los factores identificados deberían considerarse en los planes de mejora de la satisfacción y acompañamiento de las madres en este momento de profundos cambios en su vida; dado que aportar un AS satisfactorio repercute en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad (AU)

Objectives: To determine the level of satisfaction of mothers of under one year-old babies who participate in group activities provided by the CAP regarding the content and Social Support (AS), support network as well as the causes that lead to a lower satisfaction level for people receiving this support. Methods: This study includes a qualitative design and phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of mothers participating in group activities in five different CAP in the province of Barcelona. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection instrument between July 2011 and July 2012. They were all recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Results: informal AS: most mothers are very or completely satisfied with the information, emotional and evaluative AS from nurses; four categories were identified, that contributed to this perception: professional contact / access, discrepancy and / or update, confidence and not applicable. Formal AS: most mothers are very or completely satisfied with the information, emotional, and technical evaluation from the couple and mother (maternal grandmother) AS; eight categories were identified in this item: discrepancy and / or update on advice, requests, empathy, trust, lack of confidence, time, distance and not appropriate. Conclusions: The factors identified should be considered in plans to improve the satisfaction and support of mothers in this time of profound change in their life since AS provides a satisfactory impact on health promotion and disease prevention (AU)

Apoyo social formal a un grupo de madres con hijos menores de un año / Formal Social Support for a Group of Mothers with Children under Age One / Apoio social formal a um grupo de mães com filhos menores de um ano

Objetivo: este trabajo pretende analizar el apoyo social formal a un grupo de madres con hijos menores de un año. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo interpretativo, en el cual participaron diez mujeres en un grupo focal que se reunió en siete ocasiones. Resultados: a partir del análisis de contenido de las dinámicas grupales se detecta que el apoyo formal informativo es el más frecuente y resulta difícil separarlo del emocional. Los profesionales, a través del apoyo informativo, tratan temas relacionados con la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad y acompañan a las madres en este rol. Conclusión: para las madres el apoyo formal brindado por el personal de enfermería es positivo y percibido como un refuerzo en su vivencia de la maternidad, y debe estar enmarcado en un contexto cultural.

Objective: Formal social support for a group of mothers with children under age one is analyzed in this research. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study of an interpretive nature was conducted in which ten women participated in a focus group that met on seven occasions. Results: A content analysis of the group's dynamics showed formal informative support is the most common and is difficult to separate from emotional support. Through informative support, professionals address issues related to health promotion and disease prevention, and accompany mothers in this capacity. Conclusion: For mothers, the formal support provided by members of the nursing staff is positive and perceived as a reinforcement of their experience with motherhood, and should be framed in a cultural context.

Objetivo: este trabalho pretende analisar o apoio social formal a um grupo de mães com filhos menores de um ano. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo interpretativo, do qual participaram dez mulheres em um grupo focal que se reuniu em sete ocasiões. Resultados: a partir da análise de conteúdo das dinâmicas grupais, detecta-se que o apoio formal informativo é o mais frequente e resulta difícil separá-lo do emocional. Os profissionais, por meio do apoio informativo, tratam temas relacionados com a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença, e acompanham as mães neste papel. Conclusão: para as mães, o apoio formal oferecido pelo pessoal de enfermagem é positivo e percebido como um reforço em sua vivência da maternidade e deve estar situado em um contexto cultural.