pH sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating surface plasmon resonance with a polyaniline reaction deposition film layer.

In this paper, we propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber-optic pH sensor combined with a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) by continuously coating gold and polyaniline (PANI) onto the surface of a TFBG. The micron-scale thickness polyaniline film provides the sensor with good sensitivity, and it achieves accurate measurement of pH values ranging from 2 to 12 by utilizing the pH-responsive mechanism of PANI and the surface plasmon resonance characteristics. Experimental results show that within the 2-12 pH range, the sensitivity of the TFBG surface plasmon resonance pH sensor based on PANI coating is 0.50335 nm/pH, and results demonstrate, a linear correlation coefficient between wavelength and pH value reaching 0.96614. This indicates significant potential for future engineering applications in real-world pH measurement using this sensor.

Endoscopic visualization of the inferior alveolar nerve associated with somatosensory changes after impacted mandibular third molar extraction.

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between somatosensory functional changes and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) exposure after impacted mandibular third molars (M3M) removal. We recruited 35 patients who underwent impacted M3M extraction near the IAN. The M3Ms were extracted by combined endoscopy, piezosurgery, and contra-angle high-speed turbine handpiece. All IAN canal perforations and exposed regions were recorded and measured by endoscopy after extraction and on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images before extraction. The patients were followed up 1, 7, and 35 days after surgery. A standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery was performed on the lower lip skin. All of 35 cases had exposed IAN on CBCT images, 5 of which had no exposed IAN under endoscopy. For the other 30 cases, the endoscopy-measured IAN length and width were shorter than the CBCT measurements (P < 0.001). The warm and mechanical detection thresholds (MDT) on the operation side were significantly higher than the contralateral side after surgery (P < 0.05). Thermal sensory limen, MDT, and cold pain threshold were strongly correlated with the exposed IAN length and MDT also with the exposed IAN width one day after surgery. In conclusion, it was found that not all exposed IAN in CBCT images were real exposure after surgery. The intraoperative exposed IAN endoscopic measurements were smaller than by CBCT and strongly correlated with some QST parameters.

Slim the face or not: 3D change of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Whether slim the face or not after removed third molars is the concern of some orthodontic treatment candidates. The aim of this article is to explore the volume changes of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction, as well as develop a reproducible clinical protocol to precisely assess facial soft tissue volume change. METHODS: A non-randomized, non-blind, self-controlled pilot study was conducted. 24 adults aged 18-30 had ipsilateral third molars extracted. The body weight change was controlled within 2 kg. Structured light scans were taken under a standardized procedure pre-extraction (T0), three (T1), and six (T2) months post-extraction; CBCTs were taken at T0 and T2. The projection method was proposed to measure the soft tissue volume (STV) and the soft tissue volume change (STVC) by the Geomagic software. The hard tissue volume change (HTVC) was measured in the Dragonfly software. RESULTS: The final sample size is 23, including 5 males (age 26.6 ± 2.5 years) and 18 females (age 27.3 ± 2.5 years). The HTVC was - 2.33 ± 0.46ml on the extraction side. On the extraction side, the STV decreased by 1.396 (95% CI: 0.323-2.470) ml (P < 0.05) at T1, and increased by 1.753 (95% CI: -0.01-3.507) ml (P = 0.05) at T2. T2 and T0 had no difference (P > 0.05). The inter and intra-raters ICC of the projection method was 0.959 and 0.974. There was no correlation between the STVC and HTVC (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After ipsilateral wisdom teeth extraction, the volume of hard tissue on the extraction side reduces, and the volume of facial soft tissue does not change evidently. However, further research with large sample size is still needed. The STV measurement has excellent repeatability. It can be extended to other interested areas, including forehead, nose, paranasal, upper lip, lower lip and chin, which is meaningful in the field of orthodontics and orthopedics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018305 (11/09/2018), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28868 .

[Role of collagen membrane in modified guided bone regeneration surgery using buccal punch flap approach: A retrospective and radiographical cohort study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the placement of absorbable collagen membrane increase the stability of alveolar ridge contour after guided bone regeneration (GBR) using buccal punch flap. METHODS: From June 2019 to June 2023, patients who underwent GBR using buccal punch flap simultaneously with a single implant placement in posterior region (from first premolar to second molar) were divided into coverage group, in which particular bone graft was covered by collagen membrane and non-coverage group. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was taken before surgery (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), and 3-7 months after surgery (T2), and the thickness of the buccal bone plate at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) below the smooth-rough interface of the implant (BBT-0, -2, -4, -6) was mea-sured after superimposition of CBCT models using Mimics software. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients, including 15 patients in coverage group and 14 patients in non-coverage group, were investigated in this study. At T0, T1, and T2, there was no significant difference in BBT between the two groups (P>0.05). At T1, BBT-0 was (2.50±0.90) mm in the coverage group and (2.97±1.28) mm in the non-coverage group, with corresponding BBT-2 of (3.65±1.08) mm and (3.58±1.26) mm, respectively. At T2, BBT-0 was (1.22±0.55) mm in the coverage group and (1.70±0.97) mm in the non-coverage group, with corresponding BBT-2 of (2.32±0.94) mm and (2.57±1.26) mm, respectively. From T1 to T2, there were no statistically significant differences in the absolute values [(0.47±0.54)-(1.33±0.75) mm] and percentages [(10.04%±24.81%)-(48.43%±18.32%)] of BBT change between the two groups. The thickness of new bone formation in the buccal bone plate from T0 to T2 ranged from (1.27±1.09) mm to (2.75±2.15) mm with no statistical difference between the two groups at all levels. CONCLUSION: In the short term, the GBR using buccal punch flap with or without collagen membrane coverage can effectively repair the buccal implant bone defect. But collagen membrane coverage showed no additional benefit on alveolar ridge contour stability compared with non-membrane coverage.

Implications of Virtual CBCT-Based Immediate Implant Planning for Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars.

The purpose of his study was to investigate the projected ridge-implant dimensions derived from virtual superimposition of implants on intact first molars mimicking immediate implantation in the mandible (Md1) and maxilla (Mx1) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT records of 41 patients (19 males and 22 females) with Md1 or Mx1 were collected. Ten-millimeter-long cylindrical implants with different diameters were virtually positioned at prosthetically ideal angles into interradicular septum using CBCT software. Radiographic alveolar ridge height (ARH), alveolar ridge width (ARW), gap distance, and vertical distance from the implant platform to the alveolar crest were measured. Twenty Mx1s (48.8%) and 21 Md1s (51.2%) were included. The mean ARH values were 7.13 ± 4.32 and 15.64 ± 1.80 mm for Mx1 and Md1, respectively; 87.8% of mesiobuccal sites had gap distance of >2 mm when 6-mm-diameter implants were used. Increasing implant diameter from 6 to 9 mm decreased the percentage of sites with ARW > 2 mm from 80.5% to 41.5% buccally and from 86.4% to 26.8% lingually. The mean vertical distance from the implant platform to the alveolar crest was 1.41 ± 1.09 mm buccally and 1.11 ± 1.10 mm lingually. Immediate implant placement of first molars, especially in the maxilla, requires stringent presurgical evaluation. Implants no wider than 6 mm placed into the interradicular septum may meet acceptable running room and alveolar plate thickness criteria if the jumping distance is grafted. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings in this virtual study.

Polyoxometalates in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the third generation of photovoltaic cells developed by Grätzel and O'Regan. They have the characteristics of low cost, simple manufacturing process, tunable optical properties, and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). With an ever increasing energy crisis, there is an urgent need to develop highly efficient, environmentally benign, and energy-saving cell materials. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a kind of molecular inorganic quasi-semiconductor, are promising candidates for use in different parts of DSSCs due to their excellent photosensitivity, redox, and catalytic properties, as well as their relative stability. Following a brief introduction to the development of DSSCs and the potential virtues of POMs in DSSCs, we attempt to make some generalizations about the energy level regulation of POMs that is the underlying theoretical basis for their application in DSSCs, and then we summarize the research progress of POMs in DSSCs in recent years. This is organized in terms of the properties of POMs, namely, electron acceptor, photosensitivity, redox and catalysis, based on the accumulation of our research into POMs over many years. Meanwhile, in view of the fact that the properties of POMs depend primarily on their electronic structural diversity, we keep this point in mind throughout the article with a view to revealing their structure-property relationships. Finally we provide a short summary and remarks on the future outlook. This review may be of interest to synthetic chemists devoted to designing POMs with specific structures, and researchers engaged in the extension of POMs to photoelectric materials.

High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis of Microbial Profiles in the Dry Socket.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the microbial profiles of dry socket (DS) and identify the key microbial population as a possible disease-related factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacterial samples were collected from patients who underwent surgical mandibular third molar extraction and were divided in 3 groups: the disease (D) group composed of patients who were diagnosed with DS; the treated (T) group composed of patients from the D group who received treatment; and the control (C) group composed of patients who did not have adverse reactions after tooth extraction. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified and subjected to sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed using alpha and beta diversity indices. RESULTS: In total, 772,169 high-quality sequences were detected from 31 samples. Using a 97% similarity level, 531 operational taxonomic units were detected. In addition, 10 phyla, 23 classes, 38 orders, 63 families, and 116 genera were found. Composition of the microbial community in the D group differed considerably from that of the T and C groups. Furthermore, a specific microbial pattern, which included Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Slackia, Oribacterium, and Solobacterium species, appeared abundantly in the D group compared with the T and C groups. Moreover, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium species had important roles in discriminating the D group from the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest differences in the microbial community composition among DSs, normal-healing sockets, and post-treated sockets. These results provide better insight into the development of DS and enhance the understanding of DS. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary to investigate and confirm how these differential bacteria contribute to the development of the disease.

Three Keggin-Type Transition Metal-Substituted Polyoxometalates as Pure Inorganic Photosensitizers for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

In light of the serious challenge of severe global energy shortages, p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) have attracted increasing levels of interest. The potential of three Keggin-type transition metal-substituted polyoxometalates, TBA8 Na2 [SiW9 O37 {Co(H2 O)3 }]⋅ 11 H2 O (SiW9 Co3 ), TBA4 [(SiO4 )W10 MnIII2 O36 H6 ]⋅1.5 CH3 CN⋅ 2 H2 O (SiW10 MnIII2 ), and TBA3.5 H5.5 [(SiO4 )W10 MnIII/IV2 O36 ]⋅ 10 H2 O⋅0.5 CH3 CN (SiW10 MnIII/IV2 ) has been explored as pure inorganic dye photosensitizers for p-DSSCs (TBA=(n-C4 H9 )4 N+ ). The three dyes show overall conversion efficiencies of 0.038, 0.029, and 0.027 %, respectively, all of which are higher than that of coumarin 343 (0.017 %). These polyoxometalates are the first three pure inorganic dyes reported for use with p-DSSCs and therefore demonstrate a new strategy for designing efficient dyes, especially pure inorganic dyes. Moreover, they broaden the range of applications for polyoxometalates.

Highly Dispersed Polyoxometalate-Doped Porous Co3 O4 Water Oxidation Photocatalysts Derived from POM@MOF Crystalline Materials.

Rational design of earth-abundant photocatalysts is an important issue for solar energy conversion and storage. Polyoxometalate (POM)@Co3 O4 composites doped with highly dispersive molecular metal-oxo clusters, synthesized by loading a single Keggin-type POM cluster into each confined space of a metal-organic framework (MOF), exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic activity in water oxidation compared to the pure MOF-derived nanostructure. The systematic synthesis of these composite nanocrystals allows the conditions to be tuned, and their respective water oxidation catalytic performance can be efficiently adjusted by varying the thermal treatment temperature and the feeding amount of the POM. This work not only provides a modular and tunable synthetic strategy for preparing molecular cluster@TM oxide (TM=transition metal) nanostructures, but also showcases a universal strategy that is applicable to design and construct multifunctional nanoporous metal oxide composite materials.

Polyoxometalate-based nickel clusters as visible light-driven water oxidation catalysts.

Three new polyoxometalate(POM)-based polynuclear nickel clusters, Na24[Ni12(OH)9(CO3)3(PO4)(SiW9O34)3]·56H2O (1), Na25[Ni13(H2O)3(OH)9(PO4)4(SiW9O34)3]·50H2O (2), and Na50[Ni25(H2O)2OH)18(CO3)2(PO4)6(SiW9O34)6]·85H2O (3) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Compounds 1-3 contain {Ni12}, {Ni13} and {Ni25} core, respectively, connected by the inorganic {OH}, {PO4} and/or {CO3} linkers and encapsulated by the lacunary A-α-{SiW9O34} POM units. Compound 3 represents the currently largest POM-based Ni clusters. All three compounds contain {Ni3O3} quasi-cubane or {Ni4O4} cubane units, which are similar to the natural oxygen-evolving center {Mn4O5Ca} in photosystem II (PSII). Visible light-driven water oxidation experiments with compounds 1-3 as the homogeneous catalysts indicate that all three compounds show good photocatalytic activities. The O2 evolution amount corresponds to a high TON of 128.2 for 1, 147.6 for 2, and 204.5 for 3, respectively. Multiple experiments including dynamic light-scattering, UV-vis absorption, catalysts aged experiments, tetra-n-heptylammonium nitrate (THpANO3) toluene extraction, and capillary electrophoretic measurements results confirm that compounds 1-3 are dominant active catalysts but not Ni(2+) ions(aq) or nickel oxide under the photocatalytic conditions. The above research results indicate a new and all-inorganic polynuclear Ni-based structural model as the visible light-driven water oxidation catalysts.

A polyoxometalate-encapsulating cationic metal-organic framework as a heterogeneous catalyst for desulfurization.

A new cationic triazole-based metal-organic framework encapsulating Keggin-type polyoxometalates, with the molecular formula [Co(BBPTZ)3][HPMo12O40]⋅24 H2O [compound 1; BBPTZ = 4,4'-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl] is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of compound 1 contains a non-interpenetrated 3D CdSO4 (cds)-type framework with two types of channels that are interconnected with each other; straight channels that are occupied by the Keggin-type POM anions, and wavelike channels that contain lattice water molecules. The catalytic activity of compound 1 in the oxidative desulfurization reaction indicates that it is not only an effective and size-selective heterogeneous catalyst, but it also exhibits distinct structural stability in the catalytic reaction system.

[Application of flexible laryngeal mask airway in oral & maxillofacial day surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To access the feasibility and safety of application of flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) in oral & maxillofacial day surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study was conducted of 40 oral & maxillofacial day surgery patients (3 to 61 years of age) using FLMA under general anaesthesia in Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All the patients were with American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) physical status I-II,including 19 males and 21 females. The patients'vital signs were recorded at five different time points: baseline before anesthesia (T0), time right after the FLMA insertion (T1), time at incision (T2), 15 min after incision (T3) and time at the end of the operation (T4). The first attempted FLMA insertion successful rate and the number of timed of changing to endotracheal intubation were recorded. During operation, frequencies of movement, hypoxia and obstruction of airway were noted and the operation time, anesthesia time, time from the end of the operation to extubation, movement and coughing following extubation and sore throat within 24 h were taken down. Operation-related complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves were recorded within 24 h as well. RESULTS: The operations of all the 40 patients were successfully done under general anaesthesia. The 36(90%, 36/40)patients using FLMA successfully were under steady process, including 16 males and 20 females. The first attempted successful rate of FLMA insertion was 80% (32/40), and the second 50% (4/8). Three out of the 4 failed FLMA patients were changed to endotracheal intubation after the second attempt failed. The other patient was changed to endotracheal intubation before operation because of leak. The average operation time was (46.58 ± 22.57) min, the anesthesia time was (77.97 ± 26.82) min and the time from the end of operation to extubation was (8.31 ± 3.33) min. All the patients were recorded without obvious body movement during the operation procedure. There were 4 patients (11.11%, 4/36) with slight body movement during extubation. The incidence of sore throat was 13.89% (5/36) within 24 h postoperatively. There were no complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves. The vital signs of baseline T0 were significantly different from those at other time points T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P<0.01). As to the hearts rate after anesthesia, the values at T1, T2, T3 and T4 for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). As to the values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after anesthesia at T1 and T4, T2 and T3, for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). As to the respiratory rate from the start of the surgery, the values at T2, T3 and T4 showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Flexible laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway management method. It is suitable and safe for securing the airway in oral & maxillofacial day surgery. The advantages of fewer haemodynamic changes and postoperative complications are confirmed.

Polyoxometalate-based cobalt-phosphate molecular catalysts for visible light-driven water oxidation.

A series of all-inorganic, abundant-metal-based, high-nuclearity cobalt-phosphate (Co-Pi) molecular catalysts [{Co4(OH)3(PO4)}4(SiW9O34)4](32-) (1), [{Co4(OH)3(PO4)}4(GeW9O34)4](32-) (2), [{Co4(OH)3(PO4)}4(PW9O34)4](28-) (3), and [{Co4(OH)3(PO4)}4(AsW9O34)4](28-) (4) were synthesized and shown to be highly effective at photocatalytic water oxidation. The {Co16(PO4)4} cluster contains a Co4O4 cubane which is structurally analogous to the [Mn3CaO4] core of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII). Compounds 1-4 were shown to be the first POM-based Co-Pi-cluster molecular catalysts for visible light-driven water oxidation, thus serving as a functional model of the OEC in PSII. The systematic synthesis of four isostructural analogues allowed for investigating the influence of different heteroatoms in the POM ligands on the photocatalytic activities of these Co-Pi cluster WOCs. Further, the POM-based photocatalysts readily recrystallized from the photocatalytic reaction systems with the polyoxoanion structures unchanged, which together with the laser flash photolysis, dynamic light-scattering, (31)P NMR, UV-vis absorption, POM extraction, and ICP-MS analysis results collectively confirmed that compounds 1-4 maintain their structural integrity under the photocatalytic conditions. This study provides not only a valuable molecular model of the "Co-Pi" catalysts with a well-defined structure but also an unprecedented opportunity to fine-tune high-nuclearity POM clusters for visible light-driven water splitting.

Unprecedented high-nuclear transition-metal-cluster-substituted heteropolyoxoniobates: synthesis by {V8 } ring insertion into the POM matrix and antitumor activities.

Reactions of hexaniobate with vanadate in the presence of Ni(2+) , Zn(2+) , or Cu(2+) have furnished three high-nuclear vanadium cluster-substituted heteropolyoxoniobates (HPNs): {Ni(en)3 }5 H{V(V) Nb8 V(IV) 8 O44 }⋅9 H2 O (1), (H2 en)Na2 [{Zn(en)2 (Hen)}{Zn(en)2 (H2 O)}2 {PNb8 V(IV) 8 O44 }]⋅11 H2 O (2), and Na{Cu(en)2 }3 {[Cu(en)2 ]2 [PNb8 V(IV) 8 O44 ]}⋅11 H2 O (3) (en=1,2-diaminoethane). Their structures have been determined and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. Structural analysis has revealed that compounds 1-3 contain similar {V8 }-substituted [X(V) Nb8 V(IV) 8 O44 ](11-) (X=P, V) clusters, obtained by inserting a {V8 } ring into tetravacant HPN [XNb8 O36 ](27-) . To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1-3 represent the first high-nuclear vanadium cluster-substituted HPNs, and compound 1 is the largest vanadoniobate cluster yet obtained in HPN chemistry. Nickel and zinc cations have been introduced into HPNs for the first time, which might promise a more diverse set of structures in this family. Antitumor studies have indicated that compounds 1 and 2 exhibit high activity against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, SC-1680 cells, and MG-63 cells.

Incorporating polyoxometalates into a porous MOF greatly improves its selective adsorption of cationic dyes.

Various polyoxometalates (POMs) were successfully immobilized to the mesoporous coordination polymer MIL-101 resulting in a series of POM-MOF composite materials POM@MIL-101 (POM = K4PW11VO40, H3PW12O40, K4SiW12O40). These materials were synthesized by a simple one-pot reaction of Keggin POMs, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), terephthalic acid (H2bdc), and Cr(3+) ions. XRD, FTIR, thermogravimetric analyses (TG), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) collectively confirmed the successful combination of POMs and the porous framework. Further, these composites POM@MIL-101 with different loading of POMs were achieved by variation of the POM dosage. Notably, the uptake capacity of MIL-101 towards organic pollutants in aqueous solution was significantly improved by immobilization of hydrophilic POMs into cages of MIL-101. An uptake capacity of 371 mg g(-1), comparable to that of the graphene oxide sponges, and much higher than that of the commercial activated carbon, was achieved at room temperature in 5 min when dipping 20 mg PW11V@MIL-101 in the methylene blue (MB) solution (100 mL of 100 mg L(-1) MB solution). Further study revealed that the POM@MIL-101 composite materials not only exhibited a fast adsorption rate towards dye molecules, but also possessed of selective adsorption ability of the cationic dyes in wastewater. For example, the adsorption efficiency of PW11V@MIL-101 (10 mg) towards MB (100 mL of 10 mg L(-1)) could reach 98 % in the initial 5 min, and it could capture MB dye molecules from the binary mixture of the MB and MO with similar size. Also, the POM@MIL-101 materials could be readily recycled and reused, and no POM leached in the dye adsorption process.

Three new compounds from the stem bark of Juglans mandshurica.

Three new compounds, 3,6-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-1,8-naphalic anhydride (1), 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1,8-naphalic anhydride (2), and methyl (7E,9E)-6,11-dioxononadeca-7,9-dienoate (3), were isolated from the stem bark of Juglans mandshurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-TOF-MS, and by comparison with the literature data.

[Influence of acellular dermal matrix on differentiation of stem cells from young permanent tooth apical papilla].

OBJECTIVE: To get the stem cells from the young permanent tooth apical papillae, and observe the osteogenic differentiation of the cells after cultured with acellular dermal matrix (ADM). METHODS: Young permanent tooth apical papillae were obtained by the oral surgeon. The cells from the apical papillae were isolated, cultured and analyzed through a flow cytometer. The cells in the experimental group were induced both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The cells were not induced in the control group.Both groups were evaluated by staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) to examine the quantity of RNAs in the experimental group. The cells from apical papillae were also cultured with ADM. These cells were also induced both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in the experimental group, and not induced in the control group. The measures of staining and real-time PCR were also carried out. RESULTS: The cells from the apical papillae proliferated in a rapid rate. Of which 70.3% in cultures were positive for Stro-1, and 96% positive for CD105 according to flow cytometric analysis. After induction, the RNA level related to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation expressed higher in the experimental group than those of the control group without induction obviously, such as osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), liver X-recepter α (LXRα), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1). The cells cultured with ADM also had a fast proliferation, and grew attached to ADM. After induction, the RNA level of OCN and BSP had a higher expression than the control group (P > 0.05), and LPL also expressed higher (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study approved that there were a big amount of stem cells in the young permanent tooth apical papilla obtained by oral surgery, which had significant osteogenic potential. The cells still proliferated well when they were cultured with ADM as a kind of collagen skelecton. The results showed that ADM could be performed as a base to support the stem cells to survive the environment, and it also could play a role in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla.

[Evaluation of propofol target controlled infusion with fentanyl intravenous sedation on the removal of impacted wisdom tooth].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) with a small dosage of fentanyl intravenous sedation on the removal of the third impacted molar tooth. METHODS: In the study, 58 ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) I-II patients with impacted wisdom tooth removal (age: 18-45 years), were divided into two groups: control group (n = 26) received 40 mg lidocaine + propofol TCI; experimental group (n = 32) received 0.8 µg/kg fentanyl + propofol TCI. The complete evaluating indexes were recorded, and the data compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The differences of the gender, age, weight, operation time and sedation time were not significant. The heart rate and bispectral index of the experimental group on local anesthesia injection were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Other differences on heart rate, mean blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, respiration rate and bispectral index between the two groups were not significant during operation. The differences on recall of local anesthesia injection, incision and drilling between the two groups were not significant. The pain caused by the propofol injection, and the body movement caused by local anesthesia injection and talkativeness during operation in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). No patient in the two groups had nausea and vomiting. After discharge, 19 patients in the experimental group (19/32), 14 patients in the control group (14/26) were sleepy after coming home. The difference of the patient's satisfaction between the two group was not significant, but the patient's satisfaction was significantly higher than the doctor's (P < 0.05), and the doctor's satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Propofol TCI with a small dosage of fentanyl intravenous sedation on the removal of impacted wisdom tooth is effective and safe. Both patients and doctors have high degree of satisfaction on it.

Assembly of cerium(III)-stabilized polyoxotungstate nanoclusters with SeO3(2-)/TeO3(2-) templates: from single polyoxoanions to inorganic hollow spheres in dilute solution.

A versatile one-pot strategy was employed to synthesize three cerium(III)-stabilized polyoxotungstates nanoclusters by combining cerium linkers and SeO3(2-)/TeO3(2-) heteroanion templates: K32Na16[{(XO3)W10O34}8{Ce8(H2O)20}(WO2)4(W4O12)]·nH2O [X=Se, n=81 (1); X=Te, n=114 (2)] and K12Na22[{(SeO3)W10O34}8{Ce8(H2O)20}(WO2)4{(W4O6)Ce4(H2O)14(SeO3)4(NO3)2}]· 79H2O (3), which are the first lanthanide-containing polyoxotungstates with selenium or tellurium heteroatoms. The three clusters were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their electrochemical, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties were investigated. Their behavior in solution was studied by transmission electron microscopy, which showed that their single polyoxoanions assemble into intact, uniform-sized, purely inorganic hollow spheres in dilute water/acetone solution.

Effect of Intact Periosteum on Alveolar Ridge Contour Stability after Horizontal Guided Bone Regeneration in the Posterior Region: a Retrospective and Radiographical Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To radiographically evaluate the effect of intact periosteum in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the treatment of peri-implant ridge defects in posterior region. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients who satisfied the criteria were included in this study. Buccal dehiscence defects were regenerated using demineralised bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Subjects were divided into two groups: the control group (conventional GBR, buccal trapezoidal flap and DBBM with collagen membrane coverage, n = 14) and the test group (modified GBR, buccal pouch and DBBM with collagen membrane coverage, n = 14). CBCT images obtained immediately after and 3 to 7 months following GBR were used to assess buccal bone thickness (BBT) at a level of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mm below the implant platform. RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, BBT at 0 mm and 2 mm below the implant platform presented a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) with significantly thicker buccal bone in the control group in terms of BBT-0 (3.83 ± 1.01 mm) and BBT-2 (4.88 ± 1.15 mm) than in the test group (2.33 ± 0.66 mm and 3.60 ± 1.10 mm, P = 0.000 and P = 0.008, respectively). After 3 to 7 months of healing, the BBT at all levels showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but more bone graft resorption (BBR) in the control group in terms of BBR-0 (2.45 ± 1.14 mm), BBR-2 (2.09 ± 0.94 mm) and BBR-0% (65.37% ± 26.62%) than the test group (BBR-0 1.07 ± 0.51 mm, P = 0.001; BBR-2, 1.22 ± 0.63 mm, P = 0.008; BBR-0% 45.70% ± 15.52%, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: In the short term, all treatment modalities achieved similar coronal BBT and the intact periosteum had a positive effect on keeping ridge dimensions even.