Grading Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Grade Using Diffusion Relaxation Correlated MR Spectroscopic Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of RCC, and accurate grading is crucial for prognosis and treatment selection. Biopsy is the reference standard for grading, but MRI methods can improve and complement the grading procedure. PURPOSE: Assess the performance of diffusion relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging (DR-CSI) in grading ccRCC. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: 79 patients (age: 58.1 +/- 11.5 years; 55 male) with ccRCC confirmed by histopathology (grade 1, 7; grade 2, 45; grade 3, 18; grade 4, 9) following surgery. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T MRI scanner. DR-CSI with a diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging sequence and T2-mapping with a multi-echo spin echo sequence. ASSESSMENT: DR-CSI results were analyzed for the solid tumor regions of interest using spectrum segmentation with five sub-region volume fraction metrics (VA , VB , VC , VD , and VE ). The regulations for spectrum segmentation were determined based on the D-T2 spectra of distinct macro-components. Tumor size, voxel-wise T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained. Histopathology assessed tumor grade (G1-G4) for each case. STATISTICAL TESTS: One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation (coefficient, rho), multivariable logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and DeLong's test. Significance criteria: P < 0.05. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in ADC, T2, DR-CSI VB , and VD among the ccRCC grades. Correlations were found for ccRCC grade to tumor size (rho = 0.419), age (rho = 0.253), VB (rho = 0.553) and VD (rho = -0.378). AUC of VB was slightly larger than ADC in distinguishing low-grade (G1-G2) from high-grade (G3-G4) ccRCC (0.801 vs. 0.762, P = 0.406) and G1 from G2 to G4 (0.796 vs. 0.647, P = 0.175), although not significant. Combining VB , VD , and VE had better diagnostic performance than combining ADC and T2 for differentiating G1 from G2-G4 (AUC: 0.814 vs 0.643). DATA CONCLUSION: DR-CSI parameters are correlated with ccRCC grades, and may help to differentiate ccRCC grades. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.

Fractal Analysis of Left Ventricular Trabeculae in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Random Survival Tree Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The complexity of left ventricular (LV) trabeculae is related to the prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of LV trabecular complexity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). STUDY TYPE: Prospective outcome study. POPULATION: 207 participants on maintenance dialysis, divided into development (160 patients from 2 centers) and external validation (47 patients from a third center) cohorts, and 72 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH: 3.0T, steady-state free precession (SSFP) and modified Look-Locker imaging sequences. ASSESSMENT: All participants had their trabecular complexity quantified by fractal analysis using cine SSFP images. Patients were followed up every 2 weeks until April 2023, or endpoint events happened. Random Forest (RF) and Cox regression models including age, diabetes, LV mass index, mean basal fractal dimension (FD), and left atrial volume index, were developed to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on scores derived from the RF model and survival compared. STATISTICAL TESTS: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log rank tests; Harrel's C-index to assess model performance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients (26.57%) experienced MACE during a median follow-up time of 21.83 months. An increased mean basal FD (≥1.324) was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACE. The RF model (C-index: 0.81) had significantly better discrimination than the Cox regression model (C-index: 0.74). Participants of the external validation dataset classified into the high-risk group had a hazard of experiencing MACE increased by 12.29 times compared to those in the low-risk group. DATA CONCLUSION: LV basal FD was an independent predictor for MACE in patients with ESRD. Reliable risk stratification models could be generated based on LV basal FD and other MRI variables using RF analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Bidirectional Solid-State Fermentation of Highland Barley by Edible Fungi to Improve Its Functional Components, Antioxidant Activity and Texture Characteristics.

In food industry, the characteristics of food substrate could be improved through its bidirectional solid-state fermentation (BSF) by fungi, because the functional components were produced during BSF. Six edible fungi were selected for BSF to study their effects on highland barley properties, such as functional components, antioxidant activity, and texture characteristics. After BSF, the triterpenes content in Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma leucocontextum samples increased by 76.57 and 205.98%, respectively, and the flavonoids content increased by 62.40% (Phellinus igniarius). Protein content in all tests increased significantly, with a maximal increase of 406.11% (P. igniarius). Proportion of indispensable amino acids increased significantly, with the maximum increase of 28.22%. Lysine content increased largest by 437.34% to 3.310 mg/g (Flammulina velutipes). For antioxidant activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity showed the maximal improvement, with an increase of 1268.95%. Low-field NMR results indicated a changed water status of highland barley after fermentation, which could result in changes in texture characteristics of highland barley. Texture analysis showed that the hardness and chewiness of the fermented product decreased markedly especially in Ganoderma lucidum sample with a decrease of 77.96% and 58.60%, respectively. The decrease indicated a significant improvement in the taste of highland barley. The results showed that BSF is an effective technology to increase the quality of highland barley and provide a new direction for the production of functional foods.

Adaptive immune dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 and impaired kidney function during the omicron surge.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and the association with patient outcomes in COVID-19 with and without impaired kidney function. METHODS: Lymphocyte subsets were compared in COVID-19 patients with or without kidney dysfunction. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or intensive care unit admission. Secondary outcomes included duration of viral shedding, length of hospital stay, and acute kidney injury. RESULTS: Lymphocyte subset cell counts demonstrated the lowest in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 and kidney dysfunction. Among all lymphocyte subset parameters, Th cell count was the most significant indicator for outcomes. ROC of the combined model of Th cell count and eGFR presented better predictive value than that of the other parameters. Th cell count <394.5 cells/µl and eGFR <87.5 ml/min/1·73m2 were independently associated with poor outcomes. The propensity score matching analysis revealed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced Th cell count and eGFR may be applied as promising predictive indicators for identifying COVID-19 patients with high risk and poor outcomes.

Efficacy of a basal insulin dose management smartphone application for controlling fasting blood glucose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A single-centre, randomised clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of the 'Walk with you' application for titrating basal insulin (BI) doses in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalised patients. METHODS: This was a randomised, single-centre, open-label, controlled clinical trial to compare the changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG), time to reach target FBG (FBG-TRT), incidence of hypoglycaemia events and FBG coefficient of variation in the application group (weight-based titration of BI dose regimen) and control group (typical adjustment regimen). PATIENTS: This study selected 173 patients with T2DM using basal-prandial insulin therapy who were admitted to Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan between December 2021 and December 2022. Patients were randomised to the control group or the application group (App group) and then titrated to achieve an FBG concentration of less than 7.0 mmol/L. RESULTS: There were 86 patients in the control group and 87 patients in the App group. The FBG concentrations in the control and App groups were decreased by 6.77 ± 4.75 and 5.95 ± 4.06 mmol/L, respectively. The FBG-TRTs in the control and App groups were 3.80 ± 1.52 and 2.82 ± 1.34 days, respectively (p < .001). Fewer patients in the control group reached the FBG-TRT within 3 days than in the App group, with 46.5% and 71.3% of patients reaching that target, respectively. There was no significant between-group difference in hypoglycaemia incidence. CONCLUSION: The use of this weight-based insulin dose titration protocol for BI app is effective and safe for achieving the target FBG in noncritically ill patients with T2DM and is free, easy to use and user friendly.

The application of "S.I.S" technique improves long-term continence after robotic radical prostatectomy.

AIMS: To propose a novel S.I.S technique during the robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), encompassing pubourethral suspension, posterior wall intensification, and bladder neck stripping, and to present functional and oncological outcomes with a special focus on long-term continence. METHODS: From January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, consecutive patients who underwent RARP were retrospectively investigated and separated into the S.I.S group and the conventional group. Preoperative patient characteristics, tumor status, and perioperative parameters were collected, followed by the assessment of self-reported status on continence, using an International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-urinary incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI-SF). Statistical comparisons were performed on variables between the two surgery groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors for postoperative incontinence severity. RESULTS: A total of 602 subjects were analyzed with a median follow-up of 24 months. There was no significant difference regarding baseline characteristics and perioperative parameters, except for a more advanced tumor stage in the S.I.S group. The application of the S.I.S technique did not jeopardize the positive surgical margin rate at the bladder neck or long-term tumor control. Notably, the patient-reported degree of incontinence was significantly reduced with the assistance of S.I.S technique, as evidenced by the diminished severe-to-very severe cases. On multivariate analysis, both preoperative body mass index and use of S.I.S modification were independent predictive factors for the long-term incontinence severity. CONCLUSIONS: The application of S.I.S technique during RARP is feasible and superior compare with the conventional approach, with a significantly alleviated long-term incontinence severity, without compromising cancer control.

Microbial traits determine soil C emission in response to fresh carbon inputs in forests across biomes.

Soil priming is a microbial-driven process, which determines key soil-climate feedbacks in response to fresh carbon inputs. Despite its importance, the microbial traits behind this process are largely undetermined. Knowledge of the role of these traits is integral to advance our understanding of how soil microbes regulate carbon (C) emissions in forests, which support the largest soil carbon stocks globally. Using metagenomic sequencing and 13 C-glucose, we provide unprecedented evidence that microbial traits explain a unique portion of the variation in soil priming across forest biomes from tropical to cold temperature regions. We show that microbial functional profiles associated with the degradation of labile C, especially rapid simple sugar metabolism, drive soil priming in different forests. Genes involved in the degradation of lignin and aromatic compounds were negatively associated with priming effects in temperate forests, whereas the highest level of soil priming was associated with ß-glucosidase genes in tropical/subtropical forests. Moreover, we reconstructed, for the first time, 42 whole bacterial genomes associated with the soil priming effect and found that these organisms support important gene machinery involved in priming effect. Collectively, our work demonstrates the importance of microbial traits to explain soil priming across forest biomes and suggests that rapid carbon metabolism is responsible for priming effects in forests. This knowledge is important because it advances our understanding on the microbial mechanisms mediating soil-climate feedbacks at a continental scale.

Inhibiting silence information regulator 2 and glutaminase in the amygdala can improve social behavior in autistic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which silence information regulator (SIRT) 2 and glutaminase (GLS) in the amygdala regulate social behaviors in autistic rats. METHODS: Rat models of autism were established by maternal sodium valproic acid (VPA) exposure in wild-type rats and SIRT2-knockout ( SIRT2 -/-) rats. Glutamate (Glu) content, brain weight, and expression levels of SIRT2, GLS proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in rat amygdala at different developmental stages were examined, and the social behaviors of VPA rats were assessed by a three-chamber test. Then, lentiviral overexpression or interference vectors of GLS were injected into the amygdala of VPA rats. Brain weight, Glu content and expression level of GLS protein were measured, and the social behaviors assessed. RESULTS: Brain weight, amygdala Glu content and the levels of SIRT2, GLS protein and pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 in the amygdala were increased in VPA rats, while the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased (all P<0.01). Compared with the wild-type rats, SIRT2 -/- rats displayed decreased expression of SIRT2 and GLS proteins in the amygdala, reduced Glu content, and improved social dysfunction (all P<0.01). Overexpression of GLS increased brain weight and Glu content, and aggravated social dysfunction in VPA rats (all P<0.01). Knockdown of GLS decreased brain weight and Glu content, and improved social dysfunction in VPA rats (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The glutamate circulatory system in the amygdala of VPA induced autistic rats is abnormal. This is associated with the upregulation of SIRT2 expression and its induced increase of GLS production; knocking out SIRT2 gene or inhibiting the expression of GLS is helpful in maintaining the balanced glutamate cycle and in improving the social behavior disorder of rats.

Risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary arterial hypertension symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus patients are non-specific and early diagnosis and intervention are challenging. It remains essential to explore risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients to identify high risk patients and allow intensive monitoring. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2018, 84 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary arterial hypertension and 160 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but without pulmonary arterial hypertension were enrolled. Clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were compared between the two groups to identify predictors of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Candidate pulmonary arterial hypertension risk factors were further compared among systemic lupus erythematosus-pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with different characteristics. RESULTS: Among collected patient characteristics, Raynaud's phenomenon (OR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.17-4.61), digital vasculitis (OR 4.12, 95% CI: 1.48-11.49), pericardial effusion, pulmonary interstitial lesions, positive anti-u1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies, and positive anticardiolipin antibodies immunoglobulin G were associated with significantly higher risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Among these candidate risk factors, positive anti-u1 ribonucleoprotein antibody was independently associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and more active disease. Digital vasculitis was independently associated with systemic lupus erythematosus alleviation, while pericardial effusion was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus deterioration. Pericardial effusion was associated with longer pulmonary arterial hypertension duration. CONCLUSION: The significant association between studied clinical and laboratory indicators and risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus characteristics suggested that these factors can be used to identify patients at higher risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension and adverse outcomes. Close monitoring may be indicated in patients with these risk factors, especially with more than one risk factor.

The effects of oral treatment for systemic sclerosis related pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The usage of oral therapies, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and prostaglandin analogs has resulted in improved outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension related to systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH). However, the optimal therapeutics have not been determined. METHODS: A systematic searching in the databases of Medline (PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library (Central) and unpublished clinical trials (clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted to identify the clinical studies with oral treatment for SSc-PAH patients published before 1 June 2019. The data were extracted and the quality was assessed. The main outcomes are exercise capacity and hemodynamic parameters, which were synthesized and analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 27 clinical trials were enrolled for further analysis. It was demonstrated that bosentan treatment, the widely used drug for PAH, might improve the exercise capacity and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in this clinical setting, although without significant difference. Meanwhile, the usage of prostaglandin analogs could improve the parameters mentioned above. Furthermore, combined therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil significantly increased the treatment efficacy of key parameters in SSc-PAH patients compared with basic treatment. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis reveals that combination therapy might provide more benefits to exercise capacity and hemodynamic parameters in SSc-PAH patients. Still more RCTs are needed to provide more solid evidence.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a multicentre cohort study from China.

OBJECTIVES: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an important cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which remains insufficiently studied and needs attention. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, prognosis and risk assessment of pSS-PAH. METHODS: We established a multicentre cohort of pSS-PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterisation. The case-control study was conducted with pSS-non-PAH patients as a control group to identify the risk factors for PAH. In the cohort study, survival was calculated, and risk assessment was performed at both baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS: In total, 103 patients with pSS-PAH were enrolled, with 526 pSS-non-PAH patients as controls. The presence of anti-SSB (p<0.001, OR 4.095) and anti-U1RNP antibodies (p<0.001, OR 29.518), the age of pSS onset (p<0.001, OR 0.651) and the positivity of corneal staining (p=0.003, OR 0.409) were identified as independent risk factors for PAH. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 94.0%, 88.8% and 79.0%, respectively. Cardiac index (p=0.010, hazard ratio (HR) 0.161), pulmonary vascular resistance (p=0.016, HR 1.105) and Sjögren's syndrome disease damage index (p=0.006, HR 1.570) were identified as potential predictors of death in pSS-PAH. Long-term outcomes were improved in patients in the low-risk category at baseline (p=0.002) and follow-up (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The routine screening of PAH is suggested in pSS patients with early onset and positivity for anti-SSB or anti-U1RNP antibodies. Patient prognosis might be improved by improving reserved cardiopulmonary function, by achieving a damage-free state and especially by achieving low-risk category, which supports the treat-to-target strategy for pSS-PAH.

Daphnetin induces apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from collagen-induced arthritic rats mainly via the mitochondrial pathway.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, symmetric, systemic autoimmune disease. Because insufficient apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is an important characteristic of RA, promoting apoptosis is considered a potential therapeutic tool for treating RA. We have previously found that daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin, DAP) has a pro-apoptotic effect on fibroblast-like synoviocytes from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanisms of DAP-induced apoptosis in CIA-FLS. CIA-FLS were incubated with DAP for 48 h in the presence or absence of caspase inhibitors, including inhibitors of caspase-3, caspase-8, or caspase-9 or a pan-caspase inhibitor; then, a series of experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of DAP-induced apoptosis. Our results showed that DAP markedly decreased cell viability and induced the apoptosis of CIA-FLS along with typical morphological and ultrastructural changes; moreover, DAP increased FasL, cytochrome c (Cyt-c), Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 mRNA expression and Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 protein expression. In contrast, DAP decreased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression and promoted the release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria into the cytosol; these effects were attenuated to varying degrees by pre-treatment with caspase inhibitors, especially with caspase-3 or caspase-9 inhibitors or a pan-caspase inhibitor. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that the DAP-induced apoptosis of CIA-FLS occurred mainly via a caspase-dependent pathway, in particular the mitochondrial pathway, and that the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was involved in this process. Thus, DAP may be a potential therapeutic agent for RA.

Effect of Sugars on the Real-Time Adsorption of Expansin on Cellulose.

Biological pretreatment is a safe and environmentally friendly method for disrupting recalcitrant lignocellulose structures. Expansin and expansin-like proteins are used to open up the cellulose structure and display significant synergism when mixed with cellulases that catalyze the breakdown of (hemi)cellulose into sugars. However, the adsorption behavior of expansin in the presence of sugar products is yet unknown. In this work, we monitored the effects of various sugars on the real-time adsorption of Bacillus subtilis expansin (BsEXLX1) onto cellulose films using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Cellobiose and xylose at low concentrations enhanced BsEXLX1 adsorption, whereas they disrupted adsorption at higher concentrations. Arabinose and mannose continuously inhibited expansin adsorption with increasing concentration. No obvious influence of glucose and galactose on BsEXLX1 adsorption was found. Contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy of cellulose upon BsEXLX1 adsorption in the presence of sugars showed that both hydrophilicity and roughness increased with BsEXLX1 treatment. These results give us the ability to modulate and control expansin adsorption and provide insights into effective expansin use during enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose in biorefineries.

Neuroprotective potential of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury: possible role of Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and connexin 43.

The present study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury along with possible mechanisms. Global ischemia was induced in mice by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 min, which was followed by reperfusion for 24 h by restoring the blood flow to the brain. The extent of cerebral injury was assessed after 24 h of global ischemia by measuring the locomotor activity (actophotometer test), motor coordination (inclined beam walking test), neurological severity score, learning and memory (object recognition test) and cerebral infarction (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride stain). Ischemia-reperfusion injury produced significant cerebral infarction, impaired the behavioral parameters and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in the brain. A single dose administration of imatinib (20 and 40 mg/kg) attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced behavioral deficits and the extent of cerebral infarction along with the restoration of connexin 43 and p-STAT3 levels. However, administration of AG490, a selective Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective actions of imatinib and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and p-STAT3. It is concluded that imatinib has the potential of attenuating global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury, which may be possibly attributed to activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway along with the increase in the expression of connexin 43.

[Floating-Harbor syndrome: a case report and literature review].

Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by SRCAP mutation. This article reports the clinical features of a boy with FHS. The boy, aged 11 years and 7 months, attended the hospital due to short stature for more than 8 years and had the clinical manifestations of unusual facial features (triangularly shaped face, thin lips and long eyelashes), skeletal dysplasia (curvature finger), expressive language disorder, and retardation of bone age. Genetic detection revealed a novel heterozygous mutation, c.7330 C>T(p.R2444X), in the SRCAP gene. The boy was diagnosed with FHS based on these clinical manifestations and gene detection results. FHS is rare in clinical practice, which may lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and gene detection may help with the clinical diagnosis of FHS in children.

Single-photon cesium Rydberg excitation spectroscopy using 318.6-nm UV laser and room-temperature vapor cell.

We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser, and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state. Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers' Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.

[Reflection on the Health and Gender Mainstreaming of Indigenous Women in Taiwan].

Gender and race issues have caused rapid cultural and societal changes to affect the healthcare of indigenous women, which involves complicated, cultural meanings. The present paper begins by outlining the gender perspective and then elaborates on the present gender mainstreaming and status of indigenous women's healthcare in Taiwan. Furthermore, this paper identifies the current difficulties experienced by Taiwanese indigenous women, including those related to the lack of adequate healthcare data and gender analyses on indigenous women and the lack of regular research on healthcare strategies for indigenous women. Therefore, the present paper proposes to establish health policy references that are gender and race sensitive. The health policy not only addresses racial and gender concerns regarding healthcare information but also focuses on the analysis of indigenous healthcare information. Indigenous women's health concerns are discussed here within the framework of healthcare policy through the perspective of gender mainstreaming. Additionally, we will analyze and evaluate the effects of gender in order to establish inspection and management processes that integrate the concept of gender into policy development and implementation, thus promoting relevant health policies. During the processes of planning, implementing, and evaluating healthcare policies, women should unite to contribute toward indigenous women's health policies and gender mainstreaming.

A meta-analysis of urinary transferrin for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic value of urinary transferrin (Tf) in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) to propose a more sensitive and noninvasive biomarker for screening and monitoring DN in clinical practice. METHODS: We searched 3 databases from their inception to May 2023, to identify studies investigating the diagnostic value of Tf in patients with DN. Meta-DiSc software, version 1.4, and Stata software, version 15.1 (StataCorp) were used to conduct a meta-analysis and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine Tf levels for DN. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 6 relevant studies investigating the diagnostic value of Tf level for DN. Urinary Tf as a diagnostic marker demonstrated a combined sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.89) and specificity of 0.88 (0.84-0.92). the positive diagnostic likelihood ratio was 7.07 (4.57-10.93), the negative diagnostic likelihood ratio was 0.20 (0.12-0.35), and the diagnostic odds ratio was 34.49 (13.61-87.44). Also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (0.89-0.94), indicating that urinary Tf has a decent discriminative ability in diagnosing DN. CONCLUSION: Tf level is a valuable biological marker for early diagnosis and monitoring of DN in clinical practice. It has statistically significant predictive value for patients in the early phases of DN.

Fenofibrate alleviates NAFLD by enhancing the PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway coupling mitochondrial function.

BACKGROUND: To comprehend the influences of fenofibrate on hepatic lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function-related signaling pathways in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) secondary to high-fat diets together with free fatty acids-influenced HepG2 cells model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A random allocation of male 6-week C57BL/6J mice into three groups was done, including controls, model (14 weeks of a high-fat diet), and fenofibrate [similar to the model one with administered 0.04 g/(kg.d) fenofibrate by gavage at 11 weeks for 4 weeks] groups, which contained 10 mice each. This study verified NAFLD pathogenesis via mitochondrial functions in hepatic pathological abnormalities, liver index and weight, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function indexes, and related signaling pathways. The effect of fenofibrate intervention was investigated in NAFLD model mice. In vitro, four groups based on HepG2 cells were generated, including controls, the FFA model (1.5 mmol/L FFA incubation for 24 h), LV-PGC-1α intervention (similar to the FFA model one after PPARGC1A lentivirus transfection), and LV control intervention (similar to the FFA model one after negative control lentivirus transfection) groups. The study investigated the mechanism of PGC-1α related to lipid decomposition and mitochondrial biosynthesis by Oil red O staining, colorimetry and western blot. RESULTS: In vivo experiments, a high-fat diet achieved remarkable changes regarding liver weight, liver index, serum biochemical indicators, oxidative stress indicators, liver pathological changes, mitochondrial function indicators, and body weight of the NAFLD model mice while fenofibrate improved the objective indicators. In the HepG2 cells model, the lipid accumulation increased significantly within the FFA model group, together with aggravated hepatocytic damage and boosted oxidative stress levels. Moreover, FFA induced excessive mitosis into fragmented in mitochondrial morphology, ATP content in cells decreased, mtDNA replication fold decreased, the expression of lipid decomposition protein PPARα reduced, mitochondrial biosynthesis related protein PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM decreased. PGC-1α overexpression inhibited lipid deposition by improving mitochondrial biosynthesis and lipid decomposition. CONCLUSION: Fenofibrate up-regulated PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway, promoted mitochondrial ß-oxidation, reduced oxidative stress damage and lipid accumulation of liver. PGC-1α overexpression enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis and ATP production, and reduced HepG2 intracellular accumulation of lipids and oxidative stress.

Improvement of electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of novel copper complex by modulating the axial coordination of phosphate on metal center.

The structure of organic ligand scaffolds of copper complexes critically affects their electrocatalytic properties toward water oxidation, which is widely regarded as the bottleneck of overall water splitting. Herein, two novel mononuclear Cu complexes, [Cu(dmabpy)](ClO4)2 (1, dmabpy = 6,6'-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Cu(mabpy)](ClO4)2 (2, mabpy = 6,6'-bis(methylaminomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), with four-coordinated distorted planar quadrilateral geometry were synthesized and explored as efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution in phosphate buffer solution. Interestingly, complex 1 with a tertiary amine group catalyzes water oxidation with lower onset overpotential and better catalytic performance, while complex 2 containing a secondary amine fragment displays much lower catalytic activity under identical conditions. The water oxidation catalytic mechanism of the two complexes is proposed based on the electrochemical test results. Experimental methods indicate that phosphate coordinated on the Cu center of the two complexes inhibits their reaction with substrate water molecules, resulting in lower activity toward water oxidation. Electrochemical tests reveal that the structure of the coordinated nitrogen atom improves the catalytic performance of the Cu complexes by modulating the coordination of phosphate on the Cu center, indicating that a minor alteration of the coordinating nitrogen atom of the ligand has a detrimental effect on the catalytic performance of electrochemical WOCs based on transition metal complexes.