Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surface Accelerates Osteogenesis via the Piezo1/Acetyl-CoA/ß-Catenin Pathway.

Osseointegration is the most important factor determining implant success. The surface modification of TiO2 nanotubes prepared by anodic oxidation has remarkable advantages in promoting bone formation. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unintelligible. Here we show that the nanomorphology exhibited open and clean nanotube structure and strong hydrophilicity, and the nanomorphology significantly facilitated the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis differentiation of stem cells. Exploring the mechanism, we found that the nanomorphology can enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) by activating Piezo1 and increasing intracellular Ca2+. The increase in OxPhos can significantly uplift the level of acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm but not significantly raise the level of acetyl-CoA in the nucleus, which was beneficial for the acetylation and stability of ß-catenin and ultimately promoted osteogenesis. This study provides a new interpretation for the regulatory mechanism of stem cell osteogenesis by nanomorphology.

Inhibition of NKCC1 Ameliorates Anxiety and Autistic Behaviors Induced by Maternal Immune Activation in Mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to result from susceptibility genotypes and environmental risk factors. The offspring of women who experience pregnancy infection have an increased risk for autism. Maternal immune activation (MIA) in pregnant animals produces offspring with autistic behaviors, making MIA a useful model for autism. However, how MIA causes autistic behaviors in offspring is not fully understood. Here, we show that NKCC1 is critical for mediating autistic behaviors in MIA offspring. We confirmed that MIA induced by poly(I:C) infection during pregnancy leads to autistic behaviors in offspring. We further demonstrated that MIA offspring showed significant microglia activation, excessive dendritic spines, and narrow postsynaptic density (PSD) in their prefrontal cortex (PFC). Then, we discovered that these abnormalities may be caused by overexpression of NKCC1 in MIA offspring's PFCs. Finally, we ameliorated the autistic behaviors using PFC microinjection of NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide (BTN) in MIA offspring. Our findings may shed new light on the pathological mechanisms for autism caused by pregnancy infection.

Effect of dietary fiber fermentation on short-chain fatty acid production and microbial composition in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The efficient utilization of fiber-rich co-products is important for optimizing feed resource utilization and animal health. This study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of fiber-rich co-products, which had equal quantities of total dietary fiber (TDF), at different time points using batch in vitro methods. It considered their gas production, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbial composition. RESULTS: The fermentation of wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB) showed higher and faster (P < 0.05) gas and SCFA production than corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), and soybean hulls (SH). The α-diversity was higher in the CB, SBP, and SH groups than in the WB and OB groups (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, OB and WB fermentation showed lower (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Actinobacteria than the CB, SBP, and SH groups. At the genus level, OB and WB fermentation increased the Enterococcus population in comparison with the CB, SBP, and SH groups, whereas CB and SBP fermentation improved the relative abundance of the Christensenellaceae R-7 group more than the WB, OB, and SH groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Overall, WB and OB were rapidly fermented by fecal microbiota, in contrast with SBP, SH, and CB. Fermentation of different fiber-rich co-products with an equal TDF content gives different responses in terms of microbial composition and SCFA production due to variations in their physicochemical properties and molecular structure. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Decreased miR-200a-3p is a key regulator of renal carcinoma growth and migration by directly targeting CBL.

Although emerging evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation contribute to carcinogenesis, the mechanism underlying their roles in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the association of miR-200a-3p expression with RCC and to understand potential novel target genes, functions and mechanisms of miR-200a-3p in RCC. MiR-200a-3p expression levels were first measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in pairs of RCC tissue samples. Next, the potential miR-200a-3p target gene was analyzed using a combination of computer-aided algorithms, luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis. Finally, the biological roles of miR-200a-3p in RCC tumorigenesis were investigated both in vitro by 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine, apoptosis assay and transwell assay, as well as in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. Our results demonstrated that miR-200a-3p was remarkably downregulated in RCC tissues compared with normal adjacent tissue, and CBL is a direct target of miR-200a-3p. An inverse correlation between miR-200a-3p and CBL was observed in RCC tissue samples. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ectopic expression of miR-200a-3p in RCC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation and migration and enforced cell apoptosis by directly inhibiting CBL in vitro and in vivo, whereas silencing miR-200a-3p resulted in the opposite effects. Additionally, overexpressing CBL abolished the effects induced by miR-200a-3p overexpression. Taken together, our results show that the miR-200a-3p/CBL regulation axis is a novel mechanism underlying RCC pathogenesis and may serve as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in RCC.

Elevated levels of preß1-high-density lipoprotein are associated with cholesterol ester transfer protein, the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Preß1-high-density lipoprotein (preß1-HDL), plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport and exhibits potent risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the association of plasma preß1-HDL and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) levels in CAD patients and the relationship of preß1-HDL with extent of CAD are debatable. METHODS: Preß1-HDL and CETP levels were measured by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) in 88 acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 79 stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients and 85 control subjects. The correlation analyses, multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively. RESULTS: The preß1-HDL and CETP levels in ACS patients were significantly higher than those in SCAD patients and both of them were higher than controls'. Preß1-HDL levels were positively associated with CETP (R = 0.348, P = 0.000), the diameter of stenosis (R = 0.253, P = 0.005), the number of vessel disease (R = 0.274, P = 0.002) and Gensini score (R = 0.227, P = 0.009) in CAD patients. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that CETP was one of the determinants of preß1-HDL levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated preß1-HDL and CETP were potential risk factors for both ACS and SCAD. CONCLUSION: The elevated preß1-HDL levels may change with CETP concentrations in CAD patients and were related to the presence and severity of CAD.

[A novel disposable circumcision device versus conventional surgery in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of a novel disposable circumcision device Ring with that of conventional circumcision in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis. METHODS: Totally, 750 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis underwent Ring circumcision (group A, n = 450) or conventional circumcision (group B, n = 300). We recorded the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) intraoperative pain scores, postoperative complications, wound healing time, and patients' satisfaction with postoperative penile appearance, followed by comparison of the collected data between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: All the operations were successfully completed. Group A, as compared with B, showed significantly shorter operation time (ï¼»3.78 ± 0.42ï¼½ vs ï¼»26.24 ± 3.99ï¼½ min, P <0.05), less intraoperative blood loss (ï¼»2.39 ± 1.01ï¼½ vs ï¼»10.80 ± 3.57ï¼½ ml, P <0.05), lower pain scores intraoperatively (0.14 ± 0.36 vs 2.30 ± 1.46, P <0.05), 6 hours postoperatively (0.32 ± 0.78 vs 3.03 ± 1.56, P <0.05) and at the ring removal (3.35 ± 1.42 vs 2.78 ± 1.43, P <0.05), shorter wound healing time (ï¼»7.61 ± 1.60ï¼½ vs ï¼»8.57 ± 1.37ï¼½ d, P <0.05), higher satisfaction with postoperative penile appearance (97.8% ï¼»440/450ï¼½ vs 86% ï¼»258/300ï¼½, P <0.05), and lower incidence of postoperative bleeding or hematoma (0.89% ï¼»4/450ï¼½ vs 3% ï¼»9/300ï¼½, P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups A and B in the nocturnal pain score before the ring removal (1.45±1.02 vs 1.38 ± 0.92, P >0.05) or the postoperative incidence rate of edema (0.89% ï¼»4/450ï¼½ vs 2.33% ï¼»7/300ï¼½, P >0.05). There were no significant postoperative infections or delayed incision healing except for 1 case of wound dehiscence in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Ring circumcision, with its advantages of shorter operation time, less blood loss and pain, higher safety, and better postoperative penile appearance, is easily accepted by the patients and deserves wide clinical application.

[A novel disposable ring versus the suture device in circumcision].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of a novel disposable ring versus that of the suture device in circumcision for redundant prepuce and phimosis. METHODS: We randomly assigned 470 male patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis to receive circumcision with a novel disposable ring (the DR group, n = 235) or the suture device (the SD group, n = 235) and compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, pain scores, wound healing time, and postoperative complications and penile appearance between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: All the operations were completed smoothly. Compared with the SD group, the DR group showed significantly shorter operation time (ï¼»7.49 ± 1.84ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.83 ± 0.42ï¼½ min, P <0. 05), less intraoperative blood loss (ï¼»3.34 ± 2.59ï¼½ vs ï¼»2.41 ± 1.01ï¼½ ml, P <0.05), lower intraoperative pain score (0.57 ± 0.76 vs 0.20 ± 0.47, P <0.05) and 6-hour postoperative pain score (3.42 ± 1.12 vs 0.48 ± 0.94, P <0.05), shorter wound healing time (ï¼»12.05 ± 2.80ï¼½ vs ï¼»7.79 ± 1.65ï¼½ d, P <0.05), lower incidence rates of postoperative glans congestion or edema (36.17% ï¼»85/235ï¼½ vs 2.56% ï¼»6/235ï¼½, P <0.05), dysuria or strenuous urination (34.04% ï¼»80/235ï¼½ vs 2.13% ï¼»5/235ï¼½, P <0.05) and bleeding or hematoma (5.11% ï¼»12/235ï¼½ vs 1.28% ï¼»3/235ï¼½, P <0.05), and higher satisfaction with postoperative penile appearance (90.6% ï¼»213/235ï¼½ vs 95.8% ï¼»228/235ï¼½, P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the SD and DR groups in the pain scores at the sixth night after operation (1.31 ± 0.96 vs 1.34 ± 1.07, P >0.05) or while the staples scraping the underpants or at the ring removal (3.49 ± 1.22 vs 3.36 ± 1.41, P >0.05). No obvious postoperative infection or delayed healing was observed except for 3 cases of wound dehiscence (1 in the DR and 2 in the SD group) and 8 cases of delayed removal of the staples in the SD group. CONCLUSIONS: The novel disposable ring, with its advantages of short operation time, less bleeding and pain, good penile appearance, high safety, and simple operation, is obviously superior to the suture device in circumcision and deserves to be applied and popularized clinically. .

[Induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 expression by arecoline in vivo].

The regulation mechanism of arecoline on rat hepatic CYP2E1 was studied in vivo. After oral administration of arecoline hydrobromide (AH; 4, 20 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to rats for one week, the hepatic CYP2E1 mRNA level remained unchanged, but the hepatic CYP2E1 protein content was dose-dependently increased. Additionally, although the hepatic CYP2E1 activity was induced by AH treatment, the induction was attenuated with the increase in dosage. The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein. Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.

[Borneol is an inducer of rat hepatic CYP2D activity in vivo].

Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In the past few years, many studies showed that borneol can improve the bioavailability of other drugs, promoting drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, so the potential drug interactions between borneol and other medicines have attracted great attention, but the influence of borneol to CYP450 and its isoforms are rarely reported. In this research, male Wistar rats were orally administered by borneol for 7 days, then the mRNA and protein expression and the activities of CYP2D were detected, we also compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of CYP2D's specific substrate between control group and borneol group. The results show that borneol (33, 100 and 300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) have no significant effect on CYP2D, while the activites of CYP2D increased 1.71, 1.97 and 2.89 times comparing to the control group. At the same time, borneol (300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) caused the C(max) decreased 10.6% (P > 0.05), AUC(0-∞) decreased 27.5% (P < 0.01), CL/F increased 41.1% (P < 0.01), V(z)/F increased 23.1% (P > 0.05) of dextromethorphan. Our data provided that borneol speed up dextromethorphan's elimination in vivo. Since the activity of CYP2D can be induced by borneol, the metabolic interactions might happen when borneol and the substrate drug CYP2D are used together.

[Quantitative analysis of seven phenolic acids in eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations by quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker].

The study aims to develop a unified method to determine seven phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) contained in honeysuckle flower that is the monarch drug of all the eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Firstly, chlorogenic acid was used as a reference to get the average relative correction factors (RCFs) of the other phenolic acids in ratios to the reference; columns and instruments from different companies were used to validate the durability of the achieved RCFs in different levels of standard solutions; and honeysuckle flower extract was used as the reference substance to fix the positions of chromatographic peaks. Secondly, the contents of seven phenolic acids in eight different Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations samples were calculated based on the RCFs durability. Finally, the quantitative results were compared between QAMS and the external standard (ES) method. The results have showed that the durability of the achieved RCFs is good (RSD during 0.80% - 2.56%), and there are no differences between the quantitative results of QAMS and ES (the relative average deviation < 0.93%). So it can be successfully used to the quantitative control of honeysuckle flower principally prescribed in Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations.

[Neurons in NAc core and BLA are activated during cocaine context-associated reward memory retrieval in mice].

The intense associative memories that develop between cocaine-paired contexts and rewarding stimuli make addiction hard to cure by contributing to cocaine seeking and relapse. So it's of great importance to examine the neurobiological basis of addiction memory. Cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) used in this study is a form of Pavlovian conditioning which can establish associations between drug and contextual factors. c-Fos and Zif268 are commonly used immediate early gene (IEG) makers to identify neurons that are activated after a stimulus or behavioral conditioning. This study was designed to reveal neuronal c-Fos, Zif268 expression pattern in 10 brain regions following cocaine context-associated reward memory retrieval in mice, combining animal behavioral study and immunofluorescence method. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Saline retrieval, Cocaine retrieval, and No retrieval of cocaine groups. Cocaine retrieval and No retrieval of cocaine underwent CPP training (one side paired with cocaine, and the other side with saline) except that No retrieval of cocaine group didn't undergo CPP test. Saline retrieval group received saline injections (i.p) on both sides. The results showed that: Neuronal c-Fos, Zif268 protein expression levels in nucleus accumbens (NAc) core both were elevated in Cocaine retrieval group compared with those in Saline retrieval (Control) group during cocaine context-associated reward memory retrieval. Zif268 protein expression level in basolateral amygdala (BLA) was also elevated in Cocaine retrieval group compared with that in control mice. Elevation was not seen in other regions such as hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC). Thus, NAc core and BLA were activated during cocaine context-associated reward memory retrieval. The results suggest that neurons that are activated in NAc core and BLA are crucial basis of cocaine context-associated reward memory.

The antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of magnolol on diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin.

The effects of magnolol (Mag) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia, hepatic oxidative stress and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activity of diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were studied. After oral administration of Mag (25, 50 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for continuous 10 weeks, the blood glucose and lipids (TC, TG and LDL-C) levels, as well as the hepatic CYP2E1 activity and MDA content of diabetic rats, decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), whereas the oral glucose tolerance and hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT and GSH-Px) of diabetic rats, increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The results indicated that Mag was effective against the hepatic oxidative damage, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia of diabetic rats induced by HFD and STZ, and the inhibition of Mag on hepatic CYP2E1 activity could be an important mechanism of Mag against hepatic insulin resistance and oxidative damage.

Diagnostic potential of TSH to HDL cholesterol ratio in vulnerable carotid plaque identification.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the thyroid-stimulating hormone to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (THR) in identifying specific vulnerable carotid artery plaques. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 76 patients with carotid plaques who met the criteria for admission to Zhejiang Hospital from July 2019 to June 2021. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) and the MRI-PlaqueView vascular plaque imaging diagnostic system were utilized to analyze carotid artery images for the identification of specific plaque components, including the lipid core (LC), fibrous cap (FC), and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and recording of the area percentage of LC and IPH, as well as the thickness of FC. Patients were categorized into stable plaque and vulnerable plaque groups based on diagnostic criteria for vulnerable plaques derived from imaging. Plaques were categorized based on meeting one of the following consensus criteria for vulnerability: lipid core area over 40% of total plaque area, fibrous cap thickness less than 65 um, or the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage. Plaques meeting the above criteria were designated as the LC-associated vulnerable plaque group, the IPH-associated group, and the FC-associated group. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing carotid vulnerable plaques and specific vulnerable plaque components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive value of serological indices for vulnerable carotid plaques. Results: We found that THR (OR = 1.976; 95% CI = 1.094-3.570; p = 0.024) and TSH (OR = 1.939, 95% CI = 1.122-3.350, p = 0.018) contributed to the formation of vulnerable carotid plaques. THR exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.704 (95% CI = 0.588-0.803) (p = 0.003), and the AUC for TSH was 0.681 (95% CI = 0.564-0.783) (p = 0.008). THR was identified as an independent predictor of LC-associated vulnerable plaques (OR = 2.117, 95% CI = 1.064-4.212, p = 0.033), yielding an AUC of 0.815. THR also demonstrated diagnostic efficacy for LC-associated vulnerable plaques. Conclusion: This study substantiated that THR and TSH have predictive value for identifying vulnerable carotid plaques, with THR proving to be a more effective diagnostic indicator than TSH. THR also exhibited predictive value and specificity in the context of LC-associated vulnerable plaques. These findings suggest that THR may be a promising clinical indicator, outperforming TSH in detecting specific vulnerable carotid plaques.

The protective effect of social support on all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality among middle-aged and older adults in the US.

The relationship between social support and mortality, especially cardio-cerebrovascular mortality, still has some limitations in the assessment of social support, sample selection bias, and short follow-up time. We used the data from 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine this relationship. The study analyzed a total of 6776 participants, divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 according to the social support score (0-1; 2-3; 4-5). Multivariable adjusted COX regression analyses of our study showed that Group 3 and Group 2 had a reduced risk of all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality (Group 3 vs 1, HR: 0.55, P < 0.001; HR: 0.4, P < 0.001; Group 2 vs 1, HR: 0.77, P = 0.017; HR: 0.58, P = 0.014) compared with Group 1. The same results were observed after excluding those who died in a relatively short time. Additionally, having more close friends, being married or living as married, and enough attending religious services were significantly related to a lower risk of mortality after adjustment. In brief, adequate social support is beneficial in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in middle-aged and older adults, especially in terms of attending religious services frequency, the number of close friends, and marital status.

Urinary-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The potential of urinary-derived extracellular vesicle (uEV) microRNAs (miRNAs) as noninvasive molecular biomarkers for identifying early-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is rarely explored. The present study aims to explore the possibility of uEV miRNAs as novel molecular biomarkers for distinguishing early-stage RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: uEVs were extracted by ExoQuick-TC™ kit and miRNA concentrations were measured by RT-qPCR. ROC curves and bioinformatics analysis were employed to predict the diagnostic efficacy and regulatory mechanisms of dysregulated miRNAs. RESULTS: Through a multiphase case-control study on uEV miRNAs screening, training, and validation in RCC cells (ACHN, Caki-1) and control cells (HK-2) and in uEVs of 125 RCC patients and 128 age- and sex-matched controls, we successfully identified four uEVs miRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) were significantly and stably upregulated in RCC in vitro and in vivo. When adjusted with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the AUC of the three-uEV miRNA panel (miR-135b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) was 0.785 (95 % CI = 0.729-0.842, P < 0.0001) for discriminating RCC patients from controls. Notably, this panel exhibited similar performance in distinguishing early-stage (stage Ⅰ) RCC patients, with an AUC of 0.786 (95 %CI = 0.727-0.844, P < 0.0001). Bioinformatics analysis predicted that candidate miRNAs were involved in cancer progressing. CONCLUSION: Our study identified a four uEV miRNAs panel (miR-135b-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-203a-3p) may serve as an auxiliary noninvasive indication of early-stage RCC.

Acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury can be alleviated by static magnetic field.

Acetaminophen (APAP), the most frequently used mild analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide, is implicated in causing 46% of all acute liver failures in the USA and between 40% and 70% in Europe. The predominant pharmacological intervention approved for mitigating such overdose is the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC); however, its efficacy is limited in cases of advanced liver injury or when administered at a late stage. In the current study, we discovered that treatment with a moderate intensity static magnetic field (SMF) notably reduced the mortality rate in mice subjected to high-dose APAP from 40% to 0%, proving effective at both the initial liver injury stage and the subsequent recovery stage. During the early phase of liver injury, SMF markedly reduced APAP-induced oxidative stress, free radicals, and liver damage, resulting in a reduction in multiple oxidative stress markers and an increase in the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). During the later stage of liver recovery, application of vertically downward SMF increased DNA synthesis and hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, the combination of NAC and SMF significantly mitigated liver damage induced by high-dose APAP and increased liver recovery, even 24 h post overdose, when the effectiveness of NAC alone substantially declines. Overall, this study provides a non-invasive non-pharmaceutical tool that offers dual benefits in the injury and repair stages following APAP overdose. Of note, this tool can work as an alternative to or in combination with NAC to prevent or minimize liver damage induced by APAP, and potentially other toxic overdoses.

In vivo effect of triptolide combined with glycyrrhetinic acid on rat cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Triptolide (TP) is a major active component in Tripterygium root, but its therapeutic window was very narrow due to its severe multi-organ toxicity. In this work, the effect of TP combined with glycyrrhetic acid (GA) on mRNA expression and activity of four cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in rat liver was studied after intragastric administration of TP (0.05, 0.3 and 0.6 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) and TP (0.6 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) combined with GA (30 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 7 consecutive days. Compared with the control, the high dose of TP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CYP2E1, 1A2, 3A1 and 2C11, the co-administration of TP and GA further up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CYP3A1, 2C11 and 2E1 as compared with the high dose of TP. Meanwhile, TP at high dose and combined with GA significantly increased CYP3A-associated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation activity (2.2-fold and 4.1-fold, respectively) as compared with the control. Because TP is mainly metabolized by CYP3A2 in male rats, the present work indicated that TP-induced increase of CYP3A activity might be an important reason for the rapidly metabolic clearance of TP in rat liver, and GA can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TP by promoting its hepatic metabolic clearance. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the drug interactions might be occurred when TP and GA were co-administered with other CYP3A substrate drug.

Clinical evaluation of ventilation mode on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure.

BACKGROUND: At present, understanding of the most effective ventilation methods for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experiencing acute worsening symptoms and respiratory failure remains relatively limited. This report analyzed the efficiency and side effects of various ventilation techniques used for individuals experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation. AIM: To determine whether pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) can lower peak airway pressures (PAPs) and reduce the incidence of barotrauma compared to volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), without compromising clinical outcomes and oxygenation parameters. METHODS: We have evaluated 600 patients who were hospitalized due to a severe COPD exacerbation, with 400 receiving mechanical ventilation for the respiratory failure. The participants were divided into two different groups, who were administered either VCV or PCV, along with appropriate management. We thereafter observed patients' attributes, clinical factors, and laboratory, radiographic, and arterial blood gas evaluations at the start and during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). We have also employed appropriate statistical methods for the data analysis. RESULTS: Both the VCV and PCV groups experienced significant enhancements in the respiratory rate, tidal volume, and arterial blood gas values during their time in the ICU. However, no significant distinctions were detected between the groups in terms of oxygenation indices (partial pressures of oxygen/raction of inspired oxygen ratio) and partial pressures of carbon dioxide improvements. There was no considerable disparity observed between the VCV and PCV groups in the hospital mortality (32% vs 28%, P = 0.53), the number of days of ICU stay [median interquartile range (IQR): 9 (6-14) d vs 8 (5-13) d, P = 0.41], or the duration of the mechanical ventilation [median (IQR): 6 (4-10) d vs 5 (3-9) d, P = 0.47]. The PCV group displayed lower PAPs compared to the VCV group (P < 0.05) from the beginning of mechanical ventilation until extubation or ICU departure. The occurrence of barotrauma was considerably lower in the PCV group in comparison to the VCV group (6% vs 16%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Both VCV and PCV were found to be effective in treating patients with acute COPD exacerbation. However, PCV was associated with lower PAPs and a significant decrease in barotrauma, thus indicating that it might be a safer ventilation method for this group of patients. However, further large-scale study is necessary to confirm these findings and to identify the best ventilation approach for patients experiencing an acute COPD exacerbation.

Rescuing "hopeless" avulsed teeth using autologous platelet-rich fibrin following delayed reimplantation: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Tooth avulsion is one of the most severe types of dental trauma. Most avulsed teeth undergo long-term ankylosis and replacement resorption after delayed reimplantation and exhibit a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to improve the success rate of avulsed teeth after delayed reimplantation using autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). CASE SUMMARY: Case 1 was a 14-year-old boy who fell and knocked out his left upper central incisor 18 h prior to his arrival at the department. The diagnoses were avulsion of tooth 21, lateral luxation of tooth 11 and alveolar fracture of teeth 11 and 21. In case 2, a 17-year-old boy fell 2 h prior to his presentation to the hospital, and his left upper lateral incisor was completely knocked out of the alveolar socket. The diagnoses included avulsion of tooth 22, complicated crown fracture of tooth 11 and complicated crown-root fracture of tooth 21. The avulsed teeth were reimplanted along with autologous PRF granules and splinted using a semiflexible titanium preshaped labial arch. The root canals of the avulsed teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide paste, and root canal filling was performed 4 wk after reimplantation. The reimplanted teeth showed no symptoms of inflammatory root resorption or ankylosis at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo follow-up examinations after reimplantation with autologous PRF. In addition to the avulsed teeth, the other injured teeth were treated using corresponding conventional treatment methods. CONCLUSION: These cases provide examples of the successful use of PRF to reduce pathological root resorption of the avulsed teeth, and the application of PRF may provide new healing opportunities for traditionally "hopeless" avulsed teeth.

Engineered Chimeric Peptides with IGF-1 and Titanium-Binding Functions to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro under T2DM Condition.

Due to the complexity of the biomolecules and titanium (Ti) combination, it is a challenge to modify the implant surface with biological cytokines. The study proposed a new method for immobilizing cytokines on implant surface to solve the problem of low osseointegration under type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) condition. This new modified protein that connected Ti-binding artificial aptamer minTBP-1 with Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), had a special strong affinity with Ti and a therapeutic effect on diabetic bone loss. According to the copies of minTBP-1, three proteins were prepared, namely minTBP-1-IGF-1, 2minTBP-1-IGF-1 and 3minTBP-1-IGF-1. Compared with the other modified proteins, 3minTBP-1-IGF-1 adsorbed most on the Ti surface. Additionally, this biointerface demonstrated the most uniform state and the strongest hydrophilicity. In vitro results showed that the 3minTBP-1-IGF-1 significantly increased the adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization activity of osteoblasts under T2DM conditions when compared with the control group and the other modified IGF-1s groups. Real-time PCR assay results confirmed that 3minTBP-1-IGF-1 could effectively promote the expression of osteogenic genes, that is, ALP, BMP-2, OCN, OPG, and Runx2. All these data indicated that the 3minTBP-1-IGF-1 had the most efficacious effect in promoting osteoblasts osteogenesis in diabetic conditions, and may be a promising option for further clinical use.