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Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disorder that is characterized by the inability of a molar tooth/teeth to erupt to the occlusal plane or to normally react to orthodontic force. This condition is related to hereditary factors and has been extensively researched over many years. However, the etiological mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not fully understood. Evidence from studies on PFE cases has shown that PFE patients may carry parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene mutations, and genetic detection can be used to diagnose PFE at an early stage. PTH1R variants can lead to altered protein structure, impaired protein function, and abnormal biological activities of the cells, which may ultimately impact the behavior of teeth, as observed in PFE. Dental follicle cells play a critical role in tooth eruption and root development and are regulated by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-PTH1R signaling in their differentiation and other activities. PTHrP-PTH1R signaling also regulates the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and odontoclasts during tooth development and eruption. When interference occurs in the PTHrP-PTH1R signaling pathway, the normal function of dental follicles and bone remodeling are impaired. This review provides an overview of PTH1R variants and their correlation with PFE, and highlights that a disruption of PTHrP-PTH1R signaling impairs the normal process of tooth development and eruption, thus providing insight into the underlying mechanisms related to PTH1R and its role in driving PFE.
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Receptor de Hormona Paratiroídea Tipo 1 , Erupción Dental , Receptor de Hormona Paratiroídea Tipo 1/genética , Receptor de Hormona Paratiroídea Tipo 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Erupción Dental/genética , Erupción Dental/fisiología , Mutación , Diente no Erupcionado/genética , Animales , Enfermedades DentalesRESUMEN
Wound healing has been a persistent clinical challenge for a long time. Electrical stimulation is an effective therapy with the potential to accelerate wound healing. In this work, the self-powered electrospun nanofiber membranes (triples) were constructed as multifunctional wound dressings with electrical stimulation and biochemical capabilities. Triple was composed of a hydrolyzable inner layer with antiseptic and hemostatic chitosan, a hydrophilic core layer loaded with conductive AgNWs, and a hydrophobic outer layer fabricated by self-powered PVDF. Triple exhibited presentable wettability and acceptable moisture permeability. Electrical performance tests indicated that triple can transmit electrical signals formed by the piezoelectric effect to the wound. High antibacterial activities were observed for triple against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition rates of 96.52, 98.63, and 97.26%, respectively. In vitro cell assays demonstrated that triple cells showed satisfactory proliferation and mobility. A whole blood clotting test showed that triple can enhance hemostasis. The innovative self-powered multifunctional fibers presented in this work offer a promising approach to addressing complications and expediting the promotion of chronic wound healing.
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Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Nanofibras , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Cicatrización de Heridas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Nanofibras/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiología , Quitosano/química , Humanos , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Widespread exposure to phthalates may raise the probability of various diseases. However, the association of phthalate metabolites with periodontitis remains unclear. METHODS: Totally 3402 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014 cycles were enrolled in the cross-sectional investigation. We utilized weighted logistic regression to evaluate the association of ten phthalate metabolites with periodontitis. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to investigate potential nonlinear relationships. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of periodontitis in the study was 42.37%. A one standard deviation (SD) rise in log-transformed levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypenty phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was associated with higher odds of periodontitis, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.08 (1.02-1.14), 1.07 (1.02-1.11), 1.10 (1.05-1.15), 1.05 (1.01-1.09), 1.09 (1.04-1.14), and 1.08 (1.03-1.13), respectively. Individuals with the highest quartile concentrations of MECPP, MnBP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MBzP were associated with 32%, 20%, 30%, 25%, and 26% increased odds of periodontitis, respectively, compared to those with the lowest quartile. Additionally, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) demonstrated an interesting inverted J-shaped relationship with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate an association of certain phthalate metabolites with periodontitis among US adults.
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Encuestas Nutricionales , Periodontitis , Ácidos Ftálicos , Humanos , Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Adulto , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has recently attracted extensive attention in the radio frequency domain due to its potential applications in various areas. In the OAM-based communication system, the development of the OAM-generating antennas lies at the heart of the matter to generate and receive vortex beams. In this work, a multiplexing/demultiplexing millimeter-wave OAM antenna based on the traveling-wave circular loop structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The feeding networks are implemented using waveguide ports which are inherent integration in millimeter wave communication systems. A prototype with OAM states l = ±3 carried by the z polarization and l = ±2 for the x and y polarizations at 60â GHz is fabricated and measured. Measured near-field distributions and far-field radiation patterns show excellent agreement with the simulated ones. Furthermore, based on the designer strategy, four coaxially propagating waves with OAM modes l = ±3 and ±5 for the z polarization component and l = ±2 and ±4 for the x, y polarization components are investigated, respectively. The antenna will have a positive effect on the application potential of OAM-based wireless communication.
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Controlled pesticide delivery systems offer many distinctive advantages over conventional pesticide formulations. In this work, degradable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-tannic acid (TA) microgels and multifunctional PDA@PNIPAM-TA nanocomposites were prepared in a high-gravity rotating packed bed reactor (RPB) for smart pesticide delivery and release. The as-prepared microgels and nanocomposites showed reversible temperature-dependent swelling/deswelling behavior and irreversible pH-induced degradation. A dynamic contact angle test suggested that the introduction of TA and PDA into the PNIPAM matrix could enhance foliar adhesion and deposition efficiency. The nanocomposites were further used for the encapsulation and delivery of imidacloprid (IMI) to protect it from rapid photolysis and improve its pest-control efficiency. Their thermoresponsive behavior as well as pesticide loading capacity could be tuned by tailoring the PNIPAM-TA shell thickness, which could be varied by the NIPAM amount. The release rate of IMI from the core/shell nanocomposites was positively correlated with environmental temperature and near-infrared (NIR) light, which was adaptive to the positive temperature-dependent toxicity correlation of IMI and the increasing trend of pests under high temperature. The cumulative release of IMI was 23.5% at 25 °C, while it was 81.2% at 40 °C after 24 h of incubation, and the release rate was greatly enhanced under NIR irradiation. The results indicated that the facile control of pesticide release could be realized by regulating environmental conditions. This work also provides an idea for using high-gravity technology to conveniently construct a smart, effective, and environmentally friendly pesticide delivery system for sustainable crop protection.
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BACKGROUND: The addition of chemotherapy to a programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor is a more effective option as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It might also inhibit an overactive immune response and thereby reduce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This meta-analysis assessed the rate of irAEs with a PD-(L)1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy (I+C) versus a PD-(L)1 inhibitor alone (I) and evaluated the indirect relative risk (RR) of I+C versus I. METHODS: The protocol of this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020139923). The pooled rates of irAEs at different grades were calculated by a single-arm meta-analysis weighted by sample size, and RRs were determined by direct meta-analysis and indirect treatment comparison. RESULTS: Overall, I+C had a lower rate of grade 3 or higher irAEs than I (7.1% vs 10.6%; indirect RR, 0.516; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.291-0.916), although irAEs of any grade were similar. The rate of pneumonitis with I+C was lower than the rate with I for any grade (5.9% vs 7.1%; indirect RR, 0.217; 95% CI, 0.080-0.588) and for grade 3 or higher. In the endocrine system, I+C was associated with a lower overall ratein comparison with I (16.1% vs 20.1%; indirect RR, 0.260; 95% CI, 0.120-0.564), whereas irAEs of the digestive system were similar with I+C and I. In other systems, I+C decreased the rate of skin reactions, including rash, in comparison with I (10.4% vs 12.9%; indirect RR, 0.474; 95% CI, 0.299-0.751). The rate of grade 3 or higher skin reactions (excluding rash) also decreased with I+C versus I (1.1% vs 2.0%) with an indirect RR of 0.158 (95% CI, 0.032-0.765), whereas other included irAEs were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with a PD-(L)1 inhibitor alone, a combination with chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of NSCLC decreased the rates of most irAEs, such as pneumonitis and endocrine and skin reactions, and the overall rate. LAY SUMMARY: In the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the addition of chemotherapy to a programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1) inhibitor is a more effective option. Adding chemotherapy might reduce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thus, this article assesses the rate of irAEs with a PD-(L)1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy (I+C) in comparison with a PD-(L)1 inhibitor alone (I) and evaluates the indirect relative risk (RR) with I+C versus I. The key finding is that in comparison with a PD-(L)1 inhibitor alone, a combination with chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of NSCLC decreases the rates of most irAEs, such as pneumonitis and endocrine and skin reactions, and the overall rate.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Neumonía/epidemiología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
During an outbreak, the perceived infection risk of an individual affects his/her behavior during an epidemic to lower the risk. We incorporate the awareness of infection risk into the Volz-Miller SIR epidemic model, to study the effect of awareness on disease dynamics. We consider two levels of awareness, the local one represented by the prevalence among the contacts of an individual, and the global one represented by the prevalence in the population. We also consider two possible effects of awareness: reducing infection rate or breaking infectious edges. We use the next generation matrix method to obtain the basic reproduction number of our models, and show that awareness acquired during an epidemic does not affect the basic reproduction number. However, awareness acquired from outbreaks in other regions before the start of the local epidemic reduces the basic reproduction number. Awareness always reduces the final size of an epidemic. Breaking infectious edges causes a larger reduction than reducing the infection rate. If awareness reduces the infection rate, the reduction increases with both local and global awareness. However, if it breaks infectious edges, the reduction may not be monotonic. For the same awareness, the reduction may reach a maximum on some intermediate infection rates. Whether local or global awareness has a larger effect on reducing the final size depends on the network degree distribution and the infection rate.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles , Epidemias , Número Básico de Reproducción , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There have been no studies to systematically evaluate the two display (3D vs. 2D) systems regarding both laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries in clinical settings; thus, we conducted one to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different visualization systems (two-dimensional and three-dimensional) during endoscopic surgery (laparoscopy or thoracoscopy) in clinical settings. METHODS: A comprehensive search of online databases was performed. Perioperative outcomes were synthesized. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal trend of pooled outcomes. Specific subgroups (laparoscopy vs. thoracoscopy, prospective vs. retrospective study, malignant vs. benign diseases) were examined. Meta-regression was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were considered in this analysis, of which 7 were thoracoscopic and 16 were laparoscopic surgeries. A total of 2930 patients were recorded, of which 1367 underwent 3D video-assisted surgery and 1563 underwent 2D display. Overall, significantly shorter operating time (SMD -0.69; p = <0.001), less blood loss (SMD -0.26; p = 0.028) and shorter hospital stays (SMD -0.16; p = 0.016) were found in the 3D display group. Meanwhile, the perioperative morbidity (OR 0.92; p = 0.487), retrieved lymph nodes (SMD 0.09; p = 0.081), drainage duration (SMD -0.15; p = 0.105) and drainage volume (SMD 0.00; p = 0.994) were similar between the two groups. Comparison of the overall outcomes in each subset showed consistency in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: This up-to-date meta-analysis reveals that the 3D display system is superior to the 2D system in clinical settings with significantly shorter operating time, less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. These findings suggest that, in laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgeries, 3D endoscopic system is preferable when condition permits. Future efforts should be made on decreasing the side effects of 3D display and increasing its cost-effectiveness.
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Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Cirugía Asistida por Video/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Toracoscopía/métodosRESUMEN
Agriculture receives approximately 25 % of the annual global nitrogen input, 37 % of which subsequently runs off into adjacent low-order streams and surface water, where it may contribute to high nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the mechanisms of nitrification and the pathways controlling N2O production in agricultural streams remain unknown. Here, we report that the third microbial ammonia oxidation process, complete ammonia oxidation (comammox), is widespread and contributes to important ammonia oxidation with low ammonia-N2O conversion in both basin- and continental-scale agricultural streams. The contribution of comammox to ammonia oxidation (21.5 ± 2.3 %) was between that of bacterial (68.6 ± 2.7 %) and archaeal (9.9 ± 1.8 %) ammonia oxidation. Interestingly, N2O production by comammox (18.5 ± 2.1 %) was higher than archaeal (10.5 ± 1.9 %) but significantly lower than bacterial (70.2 ± 2.6 %) ammonia oxidation. The first metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of comammox bacteria from agricultural streams further revealed their potential extensive diverse and specific metabolism. Their wide habitats might be attributed to the diverse metabolism, i.e. harboring the functional gene of nitrate reduction to ammonia, while the lower N2O would be attributed to their lacking biological function to produce N2O. Our results highlight the importance of widespread comammox in agricultural streams, both for the fate of ammonia fertilizer and for climate change. However, it has not yet been routinely included in Earth system models and IPCC global assessments. Synopsis Widespread but overlooked comammox contributes to important ammonia oxidation but low N2O production, which were proved by the first comammox MAG found in agricultural streams.
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Agricultura , Amoníaco , Archaea , Bacterias , Óxido Nitroso , Oxidación-Reducción , Ríos , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Óxido Nitroso/metabolismo , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Archaea/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , NitrificaciónRESUMEN
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Early-life antibiotic exposure is a unique risk factor for the incidence and severity of asthma later in life. Perturbations in microbial-metabolite-immune interaction caused by antibiotics are closely associated with the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma. We investigated the effect of early intervention with common oral antibiotics on later asthma exacerbations and found that different antibiotic exposures can amplify different types of immune responses induced by HDM. Cefixime (CFX) promoted a biased type 2 inflammation, azithromycin (AZM) enhanced Th17 immune response, and cefuroxime axetil (CFA) induced eosinophils recruitment. Moreover, early-life antibiotic exposure can have short- and long-term effects on the abundance, composition, and diversity of the gut microbiota. In the model of CFX-promoted type 2 airway inflammation, fecal metabolomics indicated abnormal lipid metabolism and T cell response. Lipidomic also suggested allergic airway inflammation amplified by CFX is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism in lung tissues. Moreover, abnormalities in lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were found to have cellular heterogeneity be associated with asthma severity by bioinformatics analysis.
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Asma , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Humanos , Pyroglyphidae , Antibacterianos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Pulmón/patología , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Inflamación/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Numerous small biomolecules exist in the human body and play roles in various biological and pathological processes. Small molecules are believed not to induce intrafibrillar mineralization alone. They are required to work in synergy with noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) and their analogs, e.g. polyelectrolytes, for inducing intrafibrillar mineralization, as the polymer-induced liquid-like precursor (PILP) process has been well-documented. In this study, we demonstrate that small charged molecules alone, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium citrate, and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, could directly mediate fibrillar mineralization. We propose that small charged molecules might be immobilized in collagen fibrils to form the polyelectrolyte-like collagen complex (PLCC) via hydrogen bonds. The PLCC could attract CaP precursors along with calcium and phosphate ions for inducing mineralization without any polyelectrolyte additives. The small charged molecule-mediated mineralization process was evidenced by Cryo-TEM, AFM, SEM, FTIR, ICP-OES, etc., as the PLCC exhibited both characteristic features of collagen fibrils and polyelectrolyte with increased charges, hydrophilicity, and density. This might hint at one mechanism of pathological biomineralization, especially for understanding the ectopic calcification process.
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Citrato de Sodio , Citrato de Sodio/química , Citrato de Sodio/metabolismo , Animales , Humanos , Citratos/química , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/metabolismo , Calcinosis/metabolismo , Calcinosis/patología , Propilaminas/químicaRESUMEN
Global riverine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have increased more than 4-fold in the last century. It has been estimated that the hyporheic zones in small streams alone may contribute approximately 85% of these N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms and pathways controlling hyporheic N2O production in stream ecosystems remain unknown. Here, we report that ammonia-derived pathways, rather than the nitrate-derived pathways, are the dominant hyporheic N2O sources (69.6 ± 2.1%) in agricultural streams around the world. The N2O fluxes are mainly in positive correlation with ammonia. The potential N2O metabolic pathways of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) provides evidence that nitrifying bacteria contain greater abundances of N2O production-related genes than denitrifying bacteria. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of mitigating agriculturally derived ammonium in low-order agricultural streams in controlling N2O emissions. Global models of riverine ecosystems need to better represent ammonia-derived pathways for accurately estimating and predicting riverine N2O emissions.
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Amoníaco , Compuestos de Amonio , Bacterias , Ecosistema , Óxido Nitroso , Ríos , Óxido Nitroso/metabolismo , Ríos/microbiología , Ríos/química , Compuestos de Amonio/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Metagenoma , Agricultura , Nitratos/metabolismo , Desnitrificación , Nitrificación , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/genéticaRESUMEN
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis that currently lacks effective treatment methods. Preventing the acute exacerbation of IPF, identifying the molecular subtypes of patients, providing personalized treatment, and developing individualized drugs are guidelines for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM) to promote the development of IPF. Oxidative stress (OS) is an important pathological process of IPF. However, the relationship between the expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) and clinical indices in patients with IPF is unclear; therefore, it is still a challenge to identify potential beneficiaries of antioxidant therapy. Because PPPM aims to recognize and manage diseases by integrating multiple methods, patient stratification and analysis based on OSRGs and identifying biomarkers can help achieve the above goals. Methods: Transcriptome data from 250 IPF patients were divided into training and validation sets. Core OSRGs were identified in the training set and subsequently clustered to identify oxidative stress-related subtypes. The oxidative stress scores, clinical characteristics, and expression levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) of different subtypes were compared to identify patients who were sensitive to antioxidant therapy to conduct differential gene functional enrichment analysis and predict potential therapeutic drugs. Diagnostic markers between subtypes were obtained by integrating multiple machine learning methods, their expression levels were tested in rat models with different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis and validation sets, and nomogram models were constructed. CIBERSORT, single-cell RNA sequencing, and immunofluorescence staining were used to explore the effects of OSRGs on the immune microenvironment. Results: Core OSRGs classified IPF into two subtypes. Patients classified into subtypes with low oxidative stress levels had better clinical scores, less severe fibrosis, and lower expression of SASP-related molecules. A reliable nomogram model based on five diagnostic markers was constructed, and these markers' expression stability was verified in animal experiments. The number of neutrophils in the immune microenvironment was significantly different between the two subtypes and was closely related to the degree of fibrosis. Conclusion: Within the framework of PPPM, this work comprehensively explored the role of OSRGs and their mediated cellular senescence and immune processes in the progress of IPF and assessed their capabilities aspredictors of high oxidative stress and disease progression,targets of the vicious loop between regulated pulmonary fibrosis and OS for targeted secondary and tertiary prevention, andreferences for personalized antioxidant and antifibrotic therapies. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00334-4.
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In this work, dasatinib (DAS) nanoemulsion and nanocrystal are produced by high-gravity technology that approaches to practical mass production. The drug nanoformulations were systematically characterized and evaluated. At a low high-gravity level (ß) = 47, nanoemulsion droplets were 16.15 ± 0.42 nm with a PDI of 0.122 ± 0.021. The nanoemulsion's size and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content remained stable at long-term (4 months) freeze-thaw and dilution experiments. At a high ß = 188, the as-prepared nanocrystal was lamellar with a short diameter of about 200 nm and a long diameter of about 750 nm. In vitro performances demonstrated the nanoemulsion displayed higher cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 tumor cells, Caco-2 cell permeability and drug release than that of the nanocrystal, indicating that nanoemulsion should be an ideal alternative for dasatinib oral administration.
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Contact tracing is an important intervention measure to control infectious diseases. We present a new approach that borrows the edge dynamics idea from network models to track contacts included in a compartmental SIR model for an epidemic spreading in a randomly mixed population. Unlike network models, our approach does not require statistical information of the contact network, data that are usually not readily available. The model resulting from this new approach allows us to study the effect of contact tracing and isolation of diagnosed patients on the control reproduction number and number of infected individuals. We estimate the effects of tracing coverage and capacity on the effectiveness of contact tracing. Our approach can be extended to more realistic models that incorporate latent and asymptomatic compartments.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles , Epidemias , Humanos , Trazado de Contacto/métodos , Modelos Epidemiológicos , Modelos Biológicos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In order to compare the effects of iopromide and isoxazole on postoperative contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency, the paper searches for randomized controlled trials and retrospective cohort studies comparing the effects of iopromide and iodixanol on renal function in patients with renal insufficiency after surgery. The data are extracted from eligible studies. We tried to assess the incidence of contrast-agent nephropathy, preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine indicators, and mortality. This paper includes 8 studies with a total of 1243 patients. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in the iopromide group is higher than that in the iodixanol group, and there is no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative mortality and preoperative serum creatinine expression. Sensitivity analysis and funnel chart show that our research is robust and has low publication bias. Our research shows that in patients with renal insufficiency, the incidence of contrast-medium nephropathy in the iopromide group is higher than that in the iodixanol group. Iodixanol is safer and has less effect on patients' serum creatinine levels.
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Enfermedades Renales , Insuficiencia Renal , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Creatinina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Yohexol/análogos & derivados , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal/inducido químicamente , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ácidos TriyodobenzoicosRESUMEN
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mediates a broad range of cellular antioxidative, detoxification and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the precise mechanism by which Nrf2 regulates inflammation and metabolism in macrophages remains controversial and unclear. To further clarify the roles of Nrf2 in inflammation and glucose metabolism regulation, retrovirus-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 was performed in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, and the cells were stimulated with 100â¯ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24â¯h for M1 activation. qPCR and western blotting results indicated that Nrf2 knockdown significantly enhanced expression of the inflammatory genes Il1a and Il1b in unstimulated macrophages and increased expression of the inflammatory genes Il1a, Il1b, Il6, Il10, Ccl2, Ccl22, and CD38 but decreased that of Tnfa and Tgfb1 in M1 macrophages. Nrf2 knockdown also significantly elevated IL6 and IL10 secretion by M1 macrophages. Western blotting showed that Nrf2 knockdown reduced iNOS protein levels in resting macrophages and enhanced CD38 protein levels in both resting and M1 macrophages. The differential regulation of these macrophage inflammation and polarization markers by Nrf2 reveals multiple roles for Nrf2 in regulating inflammation in macrophages. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown increased the Glu4 protein level and decreased AKT and GSK3ß protein phosphorylation in M1 macrophages, suggesting multiple roles for Nrf2 in regulating glucose metabolism in macrophages. Overall, our results are the first to demonstrate mixed inflammation and glucose metabolism regulatory effects of Nrf2 in macrophages that may occur independent of its classic function in redox regulation. These findings support the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of inflammation- and obesity-associated syndromes, including diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Glucosa/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Macrófagos/fisiología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , ADP-Ribosil Ciclasa 1/metabolismo , Animales , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Inflamación/genética , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Ratones , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Fosforilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Transducción de Señal , Células TH1/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Recently, all-dielectric metasurfaces (AMs) have emerged as a promising platform for high-efficiency devices ranging from the terahertz to optical ranges. However, active and fast tuning of their properties, such as amplitude, phase, and operating frequency, remains challenging. Here, a generic method is proposed for obtaining high-efficiency active AMs from the terahertz to optical ranges by using "hybrid structures" integrated with phase-change materials. Various phase-change mechanisms including metal-insulator phase change, nonvolatile phase change, and ferroelectric phase change are investigated. We first experimentally demonstrate several high-efficiency active AMs operating in the terahertz range based on hybrid structures composed of free-standing silicon microstructures covered with ultrathin phase-change nanofilms (thickness d ⪠λ). We show that both the frequencies and the strength of the Mie resonances can be efficiently tuned, resulting in unprecedented modulation depth. Furthermore, detailed analyses of available phase-change materials and their properties are provided to offer more options for active AMs. Finally, several feasible hybrid structures for active AMs in the optical range are proposed and confirmed numerically. The broad platform built in this work for active manipulation of waves from the terahertz to optical ranges may have numerous potential applications in optical devices including switches, modulators, and sensors.
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The aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of transforming growth factorß1 (TGFß1) on the glycosylation of IgA1 and the associated mechanism. The mRNA levels of core1 ß1, 3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc, were analyzed, as was the subsequent O-glycosylation of IgA1, in a human Bcell line stimulated with TGFß1. The IgA1positive human Bcell line was cultured with different concentrations of recombinant human TGFß1 (5, 10, 15 and 30 ng/ml). The production and glycosylation of IgA1 were assayed using sandwich ELISA and enzymelinked lectin binding assays, respectively, and the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc were quantified using reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that the production of IgA1 was stimulated by low concentrations of TGFß1 (5 or 10 ng/ml) and was suppressed by high concentrations (15 or 30 ng/ml). The terminal glycosylation of secreted IgA1 was altered in response to TGFß1. TGFß1 stimulation significantly decreased the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc. TGFß1 may be key in controlling the glycosylation of IgA1, in part via the downregulation of C1GalT1 and Cosmc.