Oral management for a patient with trismus accompanied by Isaacs' syndrome: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Isaacs' syndrome, also known as neuromyotonia or peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, is a rare disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. Clinical findings include cramps, fasciculations, and myokymia; however, there are few reports of dental treatment for trismus. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient with trismus due to Isaacs' syndrome experienced swelling and pain in the gingiva surrounding his right lower first molar. He was diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis by a dentist near his home. However, the patient was informed that dental treatment and medication could not be administered because of the presence of Isaacs' syndrome, and he visited the Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Oral Care Center at Kyushu University Hospital 2 weeks later. The patient's painless mouth-opening distance (between incisors) was 20 mm at that time, and medication, including amoxicillin capsules and acetaminophen, was administered because the dental extraction forceps or endodontic instruments were difficult to insert into the oral cavity for treatment. Two months after his initial visit, the patient visited us complaining of pain in the same area. However, he had recently undergone plasmapheresis treatment in neurology to alleviate limited mouth opening and systemic myalgia, resulting in a pain-free mouth-opening distance of approximately 35 mm. During this temporary period in which he had no restriction in mouth opening, we performed tooth extraction and bridge restoration on the mandibular right first molar and created an oral appliance for sleep bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmapheresis therapy transiently reduced trismus, rendering dental interventions feasible, albeit temporarily. This case report underscores the importance of close collaboration between neurologists and dentists who encounter similar cases while furnishing valuable insights to inform dental treatment planning.

Granulocyte activation markers in cerebrospinal fluid differentiate acute neuromyelitis spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte invasion into the brain is a pathoanatomical feature differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to determine whether granulocyte activation markers (GAM) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be used as a biomarker to distinguish NMOSD from MS, and whether levels associate with neurological impairment. METHODS: We quantified CSF levels of five GAM (neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, matrixmetalloproteinase-8, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1), as well as a set of inflammatory and tissue-destruction markers, known to be upregulated in NMOSD and MS (neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100B, matrix metalloproteinase-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1), in two cohorts of patients with mixed NMOSD and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). RESULTS: In acute NMOSD, GAM and adhesion molecules, but not the other markers, were higher than in RRMS and correlated with actual clinical disability scores. Peak GAM levels occurred at the onset of NMOSD attacks, while they were stably low in MS, allowing to differentiate the two diseases for ≤21 days from onset of clinical exacerbation. Composites of GAM provided area under the curve values of 0.90-0.98 (specificity of 0.76-1.0, sensitivity of 0.87-1.0) to differentiate NMOSD from MS, including all anti-aquaporin-4 protein (aAQP4)-antibody-negative patients who were untreated. CONCLUSIONS: GAM composites represent a novel biomarker to reliably differentiate NMOSD from MS, including in aAQP4- NMOSD. The association of GAM with the degree of concurrent neurological impairment provides evidence for their pathogenic role, in turn suggesting them as potential drug targets in acute NMOSD.

Long-lasting pain and somatosensory disturbances in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) is an autoantibody associated with acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) in childhood and adults. The pathogenic roles of MOG-Ab and long-term outcomes of children with MOG-Ab-associated disease (MOGAD) remain elusive. We investigated the clinical features of children with ADS during follow-up in our institute. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed using medical charts of patients managed in Kyushu University Hospital from January 1st, 2001, to March 31st, 2022. Participants were children of < 18 years of age when they received a diagnosis of ADS in our hospital. Cell-based assays were used to detect MOG-Ab in serum or cerebrospinal fluid at the onset or recurrence of ADS. The clinical and neuroimaging data of MOG-Ab-positive and MOG-Ab-negative patients were statistically analyzed. Among 31 patients enrolled in this study, 22 (13 females, 59%) received tests for MOG antibodies. Thirteen cases (59%) were MOG-Ab-positive and were therefore defined as MOGAD; 9 (41%) were MOG-Ab-negative. There were no differences between MOGAD and MOG-Ab-negative patients in age at onset, sex, diagnostic subcategories, or duration of follow-up. MOGAD patients experienced headache and/or somatosensory symptoms more frequently than MOG-Ab-negative patients (12/13 (92%) vs. 3/9 (22%); p = 0.0066). Somatosensory problems included persistent pain with hyperesthesia in the left toe, perineal dysesthesia, and facial hypesthesia. No specific neuroimaging findings were associated with MOGAD or the presence of somatosensory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting somatosensory disturbances are prominent comorbidities in children with MOGAD. Prospective cohorts are required to identify molecular and immunogenetic profiles associated with somatosensory problems in MOGAD. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Recurrence of demyelinating events occurs in a group of children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). WHAT IS NEW: • Long-lasting headache and somatosensory problems are frequent comorbidities with pediatric MOGAD. Pain and somatosensory problems may persist for more than 5 years. • Neuroimaging data do not indicate specific findings in children with somatic disturbances.

Oligodendroglial connexin 47 regulates neuroinflammation upon autoimmune demyelination in a novel mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

In multiple sclerosis plaques, oligodendroglial connexin (Cx) 47 constituting main gap junction channels with astroglial Cx43 is persistently lost. As mice with Cx47 single knockout exhibit no demyelination, the roles of Cx47 remain undefined. We aimed to clarify the effects of oligodendroglia-specific Cx47 inducible conditional knockout (icKO) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) in PLP/CreERT;Cx47fl/fl mice at 14 d after tamoxifen injection. Cx47 icKO mice demonstrated exacerbation of acute and chronic relapsing EAE with more pronounced demyelination than Cx47 flox (fl)/fl littermates. CD3+ T cells more abundantly infiltrated the spinal cord in Cx47 icKO than in Cx47 fl/fl mice throughout the acute to chronic phases. CXCR3-CCR6+CD4+ and IL17+IFNγ-CD4+ helper T (Th) 17 cells isolated from spinal cord and brain tissues were significantly increased in Cx47 icKO mice compared with Cx47 fl/fl mice, while MOG35-55-specific proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production of splenocytes were unaltered. Microarray analysis of isolated microglia revealed stronger microglial activation toward proinflammatory and injury-response phenotypes with increased expressions of chemokines that can attract Th17 cells, including Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl7, and Ccl8, in Cx47 icKO mice compared with Cx47 fl/fl mice. In Cx47 icKO mice, NOS2+ and MHC class II+ microglia were more enriched immunohistochemically, and A1-specific astroglial gene expressions and astroglia immunostained for C3, a representative A1 astrocyte marker, were significantly increased at the acute phase, compared with Cx47 fl/fl mice. These findings suggest that oligodendroglia-specific Cx47 ablation induces severe inflammation upon autoimmune demyelination, underscoring a critical role for Cx47 in regulating neuroinflammation.

[A Case of Laparoscopic Ileus Release for Intestinal Obstruction Due to Small Intestinal Metastasis Four Years after Penile Cancer Surgery].

We report a rare case of metastatic small intestine cancer originating from penile cancer triggered by intestinal obstruction, with some review of the literature. The case was a 78-year-old man at the first visit. Partial penile resection was performed for penile cancer. Histopathological findings were squamous cell carcinoma, and the surgical margin was negative. The stage at the time of the first surgery was T2N0M0, Stage Ⅱ. He came to the hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain 4 years after the operation. He was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction and was treated medically. He underwent medical treatment for 12 days, but did not improve, so he underwent laparoscopic ileus release. Surgical findings showed a neoplastic lesion in the abdominal cavity, and the site was obstructed, and partial resection of the small intestine including the neoplastic lesion was performed. Pathological examination revealed small intestinal metastasis of penile cancer. Postoperative intestinal obstruction improved and he was discharged without complications. After discharge, he underwent systemic chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic, but died of the primary disease 181 days after intestinal obstruction.

[A Case of Percutaneous Transhepatic Duodenal Drainage for Duodenal Stump Suture Failure after Gastrectomy].

79-year-old man underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with early gastric cancer 0-Ⅱc lesion on the greater curvature side of the lower body of the gastric body on gastric cancer screening. On the 10th day after the operation, abdominal pain and fever were observed, and CT revealed suture failure and intra-abdominal abscess. Partial gastrectomy and Roux- en-Y reconstruction were performed in emergency surgery, but duodenal stump suture failure was observed on the third day of reoperation. For duodenal stump suture failure, a catheter was placed in the duodenum by applying PTCD technology, and drainage of the bile duct and duodenal contents was performed, and conservative healing was successful. Duodenal stump suture failure after Roux-en-Y reconstruction is intractable and can sometimes result in death with severe infection and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Here, we report a case in which duodenal stump suture failure was completely cured by percutaneous transhepatic duodenal drainage, with some literary consideration.

Two susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles for multiple sclerosis differentially regulate anti-JC virus antibody serostatus along with fingolimod.

BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus (JCV) is a rare but serious complication of some disease-modifying drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Japanese MS patients treated with fingolimod were reported to be 10 times more likely to develop PML than equivalent patients in other countries. The strongest susceptibility human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles for MS are distinct between races (DRB1*15:01 for Caucasians and DRB1*04:05 and DRB1*15:01 for Japanese); therefore, we investigated whether HLA class II alleles modulate anti-JCV antibody serostatus in Japanese MS patients with and without fingolimod. METHODS: We enrolled 128 Japanese patients with MS, in whom 64 (50%) were under fingolimod treatment at sampling, and examined the relationship between HLA class II alleles and anti-JCV antibody serostatus. Serum anti-JCV antibody positivity and index were measured using a second-generation two-step assay and HLA-DRB1 and -DPB1 alleles were genotyped. RESULTS: HLA-DRB1*15 carriers had a lower frequency of anti-JCV antibody positivity (57% vs 78%, p = 0.015), and lower antibody index (median 0.42 vs 1.97, p = 0.037) than non-carriers. Among patients without HLA-DRB1*15, DRB1*04 carriers had a higher seropositivity rate than non-carriers (84% vs 54%, p = 0.030), and DPB1*04:02 carriers had a higher anti-JCV antibody index than non-carriers (3.20 vs 1.34, p = 0.008) although anti-JCV antibody-positivity rates did not differ. Patients treated with fingolimod had a higher antibody index than other patients (1.46 vs 0.64, p = 0.039) and treatment period had a positive correlation with antibody index (p = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was positively associated, and HLA-DRB1*15 was negatively associated with anti-JCV antibody positivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, p = 0.006, and OR = 0.37, p = 0.028, respectively). Excluding HLA-DRB1*15-carriers, DRB1*04 was an independent risk factor for the presence of anti-JCV antibody (OR = 5.50, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: HLA-DRB1*15 is associated with low anti-JCV antibody positive rate and low JCV antibody index, and in the absence of DRB1*15, DRB1*04 carriers are associated with a high antibody positive rate in Japanese, suggesting the effects of two susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles on anti-JCV antibody serostatus differ.

Helical Pore Alignment on Cylindrical Carbon.

Interest in chiral substances has mainly focused on the substances themselves, but not on the accompanying space, especially regarding the pore alignment. As a method to form both the chiral substance and the accompanying space, cylindrical self-assembly of uniform polystyrene nanoparticles with fructose is carried out in the presence of both carbon and sodium alginate, which is followed by heat treatment in an inert atmosphere. The carbonization generates fructose-derived honeycomb-like carbon walls with helically aligned nanopores left after the polystyrene decomposition. The diffuse reflectance circular dichroism measurements give peaks with opposite signs for the d- and l-fructose-derived cylindrical carbons. Circularly polarized light sensitivity in transient photoconductivity is confirmed apparently in the carbon-based helical structures. This sensitivity as well as straightforward formation of composites with another component to give helicity shows potential applications of the helically aligned pores.

[A Case of Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Cell Carcinoma Discovered by Defecation Disorder].

A 65-year-old man presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain during defecation. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT showed circumferential wall thickening with contrast effects in the sigmoid colon, and multiple metastases in the liver. Colonoscopy revealed a type 2 colon tumor that was obstructing the passage. A diagnosis of sigmoid colon cancer and multiple liver metastases was made based on laparoscopic sigmoidectomy plus D3 dissection. Pathologically, the resected specimen was diagnosed as colorectal neuroendocrine cell carcinoma(NEC)that was positive for synaptophysin and CD56. Postoperatively, 8 courses of FOLFOX plus bevacizumab(BV)therapy were administered, but CT showed remarkable increase in liver metastasis, and he died 5 months after the operation. Colorectal NEC is a very rare disease, for which no chemotherapy has been shown to be effective. Since we encounterd a case of sigmoid colon NEC with multiple liver metastases that followed a rapid course, we have presented it along with a literature review.

[A Case of Colorectal Cancer with Bladder Invasion Treated Ileal Neobladder for Urinary Bladder Replacement].

A 56-year-old man presented to our hospital with melena, and was diagnosed as having locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer invading the trigone of the bladder(cT4bN0M0). mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab was administered as a preoperative chemotherapy. After 6 courses of administration, the main tumor shrunk but the bladder invasion remained. We explained to the patient that resection of the bladder was necessary for radical treatment of the tumor. As he refused a urostomy for urinary reconstruction, we chose ileal neobladder reconstruction and performed lower anterior resection plus total cystectomy, which resulted in pathologically curative resection. No recurrence and almost no urinary incontinence occurred during the 8 months after the operation. Although further follow-up is required, our present case indicates that ileal neobladder may be a useful reconstruction option for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer who undergo total cystectomy.

[Long-Term Recurrence-Free Survival in a Patient Who Received Chemotherapy for Multiple Metastases of Rectal Cancer Including the Lesser-Curvature Lymph Node Metastasis-A Case Report].

A 49-year-old man was preoperatively diagnosed with rectosigmoid carcinoma, c-T4a, N3, M1b, Stage Ⅳb. On CT, lymph node swelling outside that area, including lesser-curvature lymph nodes(LNS), and liver metastases were seen. Laparoscopic high anterior resection was performed with the aim of local control. Additionally, D3 dissection and LNS sampling were performed. The tumor had invaded the bladder wall, and removed LNS were positive for metastasis. The final diagnosis was f-T4b, N3, M1b, Stage Ⅳb. One month after surgery, a CV port was implanted, and chemotherapy was initiated for unresectable cancer. The regimen was capecitabine and oxaliplatin(CAPOX)plus bevacizumab(BEV). After 5 courses, the patient was hospitalized for a CV thrombus that had occurred, and his chemotherapy was withdrawn for approximately 1 month while he was receiving antithrombotic therapy. After discharge, BEV was discontinued, and he received CAPOX alone. Bleeding from a pituitary adenoma was seen after a total of 19 courses. He was hospitalized for 2 months for the treatment, including surgery. A clinical complete response was determined based on CT and PET-CT performed after chemotherapy had been withdrawn for approximately 3 months. For approximately 1 year since the chemotherapy was discontinued, progression-free survival has been maintained.

[Examination of Treatment Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Advanced Lower Rectal Cancer].

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment in Japan for advanced lower rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision(TME)plus lateral lymph node dissection(LLND). However, the standard treatment in Western countries is preoperative treatment plus TME. There have been some discussions on preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy. This study was aimed at identifying the prognostic factors of recurrence after curative surgery for advanced lower rectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 54 patients with advanced lower rectal cancer who had undergone curative operation at our department from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, excluding patients with both LLND and preoperative therapy. The primary endpoint of this study was the 5-year recurrence-free survival(5RFS). RESULTS: The overall 5RFS was 57.6%. The univariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasis(p=0.038)and radial margin(RM, p=0.015)were significant risk factors, with a 5RFS of 39.7% and 0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that only RM significantly affected 5RFS(p= 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that securing an adequate circumferential resection margin together with proper surgical technique and preoperative therapy are important for decreasing postoperative recurrence rates of advanced lower rectal cancer.

[Preoperative Therapy for Advanced Lower Rectal Cancer in Our Department].

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at evaluating the oncologic outcomes of our preoperative treatment strategies for cStage Ⅱ/Ⅲ lower rectal cancer. At our hospital, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered for patients with bulky mesenteric lymph nodes on pretreatment imaging, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is administered for patients whose circumferential radial or distal margin cannot be secured because of strong local extension. METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent preoperative therapy followed by total mesorectal excision for cStage Ⅱ/Ⅲ lower rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed from October 2010 to October 2015. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 5 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor recurrence occurred in 10 patients at local(5 patients)and distant(5 patients)sites. The 5-year recurrence-free survival(5RFS)was 63.9%. CONCLUSION: We performed preoperative therapy in poor-risk locally advanced lower rectal cancer and obtained good results.

Long-term use of interferon-ß in multiple sclerosis increases Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- γδ T cells that are associated with a better outcome.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that Vδ2+Vγ9+ γδ T cells were significantly decreased in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without disease-modifying therapies (untreated MS) and were negatively correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, suggesting protective roles of Vδ2+Vγ9+ γδ T cells. Interferon-ß (IFN-ß) is one of the first-line disease-modifying drugs for MS. However, no previous studies have reported changes in γδ T cell subsets under IFN-ß treatment. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of the long-term usage of IFN-ß on γδ T cell subsets in MS patients. METHODS: Comprehensive flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed in 35 untreated MS and 21 MS patients on IFN-ß for more than 2 years (IFN-ß-treated MS) including eight super-responders fulfilling no evidence of disease activity criteria, and 44 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS: The percentages of Vδ2+Vγ9+ cells in γδ T cells were significantly lower in untreated and IFN-ß-treated MS patients than in HCs. By contrast, the percentages of Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- cells in γδ T cells were markedly higher in IFN-ß-treated MS patients than in HCs and untreated MS patients (both p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation between the percentages of Vδ2+Vγ9+ cells in γδ T cells and EDSS scores was confirmed in untreated MS but not evident in IFN-ß-treated MS. Moreover, class-switched memory B cells were decreased in IFN-ß-treated MS compared with HCs (p < 0.001) and untreated MS patients (p = 0.006). Interestingly, the percentages of Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- cells in γδ T cells were negatively correlated with class-switched memory B cell percentages in all MS patients (r = - 0.369, p = 0.005), and the percentages of Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- cells in Vδ1-Vδ2- γδ T cells were negatively correlated with EDSS scores only in IFN-ß super-responders (r = - 0.976, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that long-term usage of IFN-ß increases Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- γδ T cells, which are associated with a better outcome, especially in IFN-ß super-responders. Thus, increased Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9- cells together with decreased class-switched memory B cells may contribute to the suppression of disease activity in MS patients under IFN-ß treatment.

Crystallite Size Increase of Silver Nanoparticles by Ligand Exchange and Subsequent Washing Process with Antisolvent.

Desorption performance of ligands from silver nanoparticles extremely affects a sintering process of nanoinks for their writing fine pattern. In this study, we investigated desorption behaviors of ligands on the surface of silver nanoparticle through ligand exchange and subsequent washing process with antisolvent. Ligand exchange reactions from oleic acid to tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), octanoic acid (OA), and 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) were carried out on the surface of silver nanoparticle. After the washing process with methanol as an antisolvent, their crystallite sizes and the amounts of ligands existing on the particle surface were evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. In the case of ligand exchange with TOPO, the crystallite size dramatically increased and the amount of ligands existing on the particle surface significantly decreased. This result shows that TOPO is easy to desorb from the silver surface in the washing process with methanol, which resulted in the efficient coalescence of silver. In contrast, the coalescence of silver nanoparticles capped with OA and DDT was less efficient. Moreover, the effect of the antisolvent in the washing process on the coalescence of silver was demonstrated in detail.

[Frontal Lobe Signs Caused by Migration of a Burr Hole Cap into the Brain after Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery:A Case Report].

We report a rare complication in a patient with Parkinson's disease who underwent deep brain stimulation(DBS)surgery. The patient was a 60-year-old woman who presented with frontal lobe signs, including ataxic gait and memory disturbance, that were caused by the unexpected migration of a burr hole cap into the brain three to four months after surgery. The patient had no incidence of a head injury prior to development of symptoms. The patient underwent surgery to extract the migrated cap from the frontal lobe, and her symptoms improved several months after the operation. The cap serves to fix the DBS lead to the skull using an adjunctive burr hole ring. It was intraoperatively confirmed that only the cap detached from the ring, and no cap or ring defects were detected in a postoperative quality check by the manufacturer. We have previously utilized a burr hole ring and cap, which are packaged along with the DBS electrode, when employing the product made by Medtronic Inc. No previous report has described the cap packed in the official DBS kit to have migrated into the intracranial space. It seems unlikely that the cap migration into the intracranial space would occur without the cap and/or ring breaking through either traumatic injury or from manufacturing defects. It is important to consider the migration of a burr hole cap into the intracranial space in the absence of head injury as a possible device complication after DBS surgery.

[A Case of Diverticular Perforation of Sigmoid Colostomy during FOLFIRI plus BevacizumabTreatment].

A 61-year-old man with a diagnosis of rectal cancer underwent assisted laparoscopic rectal amputation. Recurrence occurred, and treatment with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was initiated at our department. After 12 treatment courses, he developed abdominal pain at home. Emergency surgery was performed for the stoma perforation. We confirmed the diverticular perforation in the resected specimen. In our case, we found a para-stoma hernia and considered it to be the cause of perforation together with bevacizumab administration. Molecular-targeted drugs contribute to improving treatment outcomes in malignant tumors, but specific adverse events such as perforation have been reported. In addition, as causes of sigmoid colon perforation such as that of the stoma, cases associated with intestinal operation, constipation, and para-stoma hernia are suggested. In our case of hyperpolarization due to a para-stoma hernia, administration of bevacizumab was considered the cause of the perforation. This was a case that could be rescued with surgery.

[A Case of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Lower Anterior Resection and Total Hysterectomy with Transvaginal NOSE].

Natural orifice specimen extraction(NOSE)can be considered a minimally invasive treatment method. We performed robotassisted laparoscopic lower anterior resection and total hysterectomy with transvaginal NOSE. The patient was a 44-year-old woman. When she underwent CS in the blood in 2017, the rectal Rs had a mass-like lesion. On pathological examination, sarcoma from the endometrial stroma was suspected, and an operation was planned. The surgical findings included the following: The camera port was inserted 4 cm from the navel, the first arm on the right side at the same height, the second arm on the left, the third arm in the lower left abdomen, and the 12mm port in the lower right abdomen. First, the uterus was removed, the vagina was opened, and the uterus was removed. Vacuum was maintained, and the operation for the anterior resection was performed without changing the arrangement of the arms. The IMAwas treated; the descending colon was also sufficiently peeled for NOSE surgery, and then the lower rectum was peeled until the levator muscle was exposed to secure the AW. The inter-rectal membrane was treated to secure the AW. The intestinal tract was induced from the vaginal stump, the anvil head of ILS 29 was inserted, and anal anastomosis was performed again by insufflation. The vaginal stump was closed with continuous sutures and covered with the bladder peritoneum.

Oriented Transformation from Layered Zinc Hydroxides to Nanoporous ZnO: A Comparative Study of Different Anion Types.

Thermal decomposition of layered zinc hydroxides (LZHs) is a simple and convenient way to achieve porous ZnO nanostructures. The type of anion contained in an LZH determines the fundamental characteristics of the LZH and thus affects the formation process of the resulting porous ZnO. Here we report a comparative study on the crystal orientation relationship between LZH precursors and the corresponding porous ZnO products by using well-faceted and highly oriented LZH crystals with three different anions, i.e., NO3-, SO42-, and Cl-. Highly oriented LZH crystals were prepared on layer-by-layer coated indium tin oxide substrates by electrodeposition in aqueous solution and were transformed into porous ZnO by calcination in air. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with electron backscatter diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The layered structure of the highly oriented LZHs was parallel to the substrate surface and all transformed to nanoporous ZnO with a ⟨0001⟩ preferred orientation. The ⟨0001⟩ orientation degree and in-plane orientation of the nanoporous ZnO differed significantly depending on the type of anion but not the decomposition temperature, revealing that the initial formation process of ZnO from the LZHs is crucial. Finally, a possible transformation mechanism explaining the difference in the resulting ZnO orientation by anions (NO3-, SO42-, and Cl-) is discussed on the basis of their layered structure and thermal decomposition processes.

Unusual presentation of a skull base mass lesion in sarcoidosis mimicking malignant neoplasm: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disease of unknown etiology characterised by the presence of epithelioid granulomas, without caseous necrosis. Systemic sarcoidosis is rare among children, while neurosarcoidosis in children is even rarer whether it is systemic or not. CASE PRESENTATION: We described the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with monocular vision loss accompanied by unusual MRI features of an extensive meningeal infiltrating mass lesion. The patient underwent surgical resection (biopsy) via a frontotemporal craniotomy to establish a definitive diagnosis based on the histopathology, since neurosarcoidosis remains a very difficult diagnosis to establish from neuroradiogenic imagings. Based on the histopathology of the resected mass lesion, neurosarcoidosis was diagnosed. On follow-up after 3 months of steroid therapy, the patient displayed a good response on the imaging studies. MRI revealed that the preexisting mass lesion had regressed extremely. We also conducted a small literature review on imaging studies, manifestations, appropriate treatments, etc., in particular neurosarcoidosis including children. CONCLUSION: Although extremely rare, neurosarcoidosis, even in children, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skull base mass lesions to avoid unnecessary aggressive surgery and delay in treatment, since surgery may have little role in the treatment of sarcoidosis.