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Recently, with the rapid growth of the global population and the exhaustion of resources, exploration activities in extreme environments such as the polar regions, the outer space, the deep sea, the deep underground and highlands are becoming increasingly more frequent. This in-depth exploration of the external environment and the consequent dramatic changes in lifestyles impact on sleep, a basic life activity of humans, in ways that cannot be overlooked. the basic life activity of human beings. Sleep, a basic life activity and the result of the evolution of organisms to adapt to their environment, is closely associated with sleep homeostasis and endogenous rhythms. However, external environmental changes and lifestyle shifts in extreme environments have had a significant impact on the patterns and the quality of sleep in humans. Furthermore, this impact can lead to many physiological and psychological problems, posing a great threat to human health. In this review, we delved into the specific effects of different extreme natural environments and enclosed environments on sleep, elaborating on how these environments alter the patterns and the quality of sleep in humans. In addition, we summarized the changes in human sleep under extreme environments to help gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these specific environments impact human sleep. It is expected that this review will provide a solid theoretical foundation for optimizing long-term survival strategies in extreme environments and help humans adapt to and overcome the challenges posed by extreme environments more effectively.
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Ambientes Extremos , Sueño , Humanos , Sueño/fisiología , Calidad del SueñoRESUMEN
This study aims to investigate the mechanism of Mailuo Shutong Pills(MLST) on posterior limb muscle swelling caused by femoral fracture(SCFF) through network pharmacology and animal experiments. The plasma components of MLST were analyzed by LC-MS, and the target and signal pathway of SCFF were predicted by network pharmacology and verified by molecular docking. SCFF model rats were established through animal experiments, and different doses of MLST were administered to detect the degree of limb swelling. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in muscle tissue, and interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1ß(interleukin-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in peripheral blood were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of relevant signaling pathways was measured by Western blot. Network pharmacological results showed that MLST and SCFF had a total of 153 disease targets, and the key targets were IL-6, TNF, etc., involving mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, etc. The binding energies of the main components and key targets were lower than-7.0 kcal·mol~(-1), indicating that the network analysis results were reliable. The results of animal experiments showed that MLST could reduce the swelling degree and pathological damage of the posterior limb muscles of SCFF rats compared with the model group. ELISA results showed that MLST could reduce the levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in the serum of SCFF rats. Western blot results showed that MLST can reduce the expression of p-AKT, p-PI3K, p-NF-κB, p-p38 MAPK, and p-ERK in SCFF rats. MLST may reduce the content of inflammatory factors in serum by regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT and MAPK-related signaling pathway protein and improving posterior limb muscle SCFF in rats.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Fracturas del Fémur , Farmacología en Red , Animales , Ratas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Masculino , Fracturas del Fémur/tratamiento farmacológico , Fracturas del Fémur/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenolic substance derived from various medicinal plants. Although CGA is reported to have potential anti-PD effect, the beneficial effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the protective effect and clarify the mechanism of action of CGA in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models of PD. METHODS: Measurements of a-synuclein aggregation, movement disorders, and lipid, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were observed in NL5901 nematodes. Determinations of dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration, food perception, and ROS content were performed in 6-OHDA-exposed BZ555 nematodes. The autophagy activation of CGA was monitored using DA2123 and BC12921 nematodes. Meanwhile, RNAi technology was employed to knockdown the autophagy-related genes and investigate whether the anti-PD effect of CGA was associated with autophagy induction in C. elegans. RESULTS: CGA significantly reduced α-synuclein aggregation, improved motor disorders, restored lipid content, and decreased ROS and MDA contents in NL5901 nematodes. Meanwhile, CGA inhibited DA neuron-degeneration and improved food-sensing behavior in 6-OHDA-exposed BZ555 nematodes. In addition, CGA increased the number of GFP::LGG-1 foci in DA2123 nematodes and degraded p62 protein in BC12921 nematodes. Meanwhile, CGA up-regulated the expression of autophagy-related genes in NL5901 nematodes. Moreover, the anti-PD effect of CGA was closely related to autophagy induction via increasing the expression of autophagy-related genes, including unc-51, bec-1, vps-34, and lgg-1. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that CGA exerts neuroprotective effect in C. elegans via autophagy induction.
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Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Animales , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Ácido Clorogénico/metabolismo , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Oxidopamina , Degeneración Nerviosa , Autofagia , Lípidos , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chinese medical schools have offered both professional and academic degrees for postgraduate students. However, there is limited information about the attitudes of professional-degree and academic-degree students. We aimed to examine the attitudes of full-time postgraduate students towards the curriculum, stratified by degree type. METHODS: A 29-item online questionnaire was distributed to postgraduate students in West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University in 2020. The questionnaire was designed to collect students' demographic characteristics, attitudes towards curricular provision and content, and classroom organization. A comparison was made between groups based on degree type (academic degree versus professional degree). RESULTS: Overall, 645 out of 908 students at West China School of Medicine completed the questionnaire. Comparing with students pursuing academic degrees, professional-degree students were more interested if the curriculum included specialized knowledge and clinical skills, and expressed concerns over the excessive compulsory courses and inadequate optional courses (p < 0.001), particularly prominent among first-year postgraduate students. Besides, a greater proportion of professional-degree students thought the curriculum was conflict with clinical work to some extent, and they also rated taking attendance in class as less reasonable (p < 0.01). Conversely, students pursuing academic degrees expressed that the courses were inadequate in interdisciplinary curriculum and had some crossover or repetition, and they assigned a higher importance rating for the curriculum when comparing professional-degree students (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different attitudes toward the curriculum are observed between students pursuing professional degrees and those pursuing academic degrees. This study provides benchmark data for future postgraduate course reforms in China.
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Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Curriculum , Competencia Clínica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , UniversidadesRESUMEN
The existing optical strain sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) have limitations, such as a complex structure, a limited strain range (±200 µÎµ) and poor linearity performance (R-squared value < 0.9920); these limitations affect their potential practical applications. Here, four FBG strain sensors equipped with planar UV-curable resin are investigated. The proposed FBG strain sensors have a simple structure, a large strain range (±1800 µÎµ) and excellent linearity performance (R-squared value ≥ 0.9998); they further produce the following performances: (1) good optical properties, including an undistorted Bragg peak shape, narrow bandwidth (-3 dB bandwidth ≤ 0.65 nm) and a high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR, the absolute value of SMSR ≥ 15 dB); (2) good temperature sensing properties with high temperature sensitivities (≥47.7 pm/°C) and a good linearity performance (R-squared value ≥ 0.9990); and (3) excellent strain sensing properties with no hysteresis behavior (hysteresis error ≤ 0.058%) and excellent repeatability (repeatability error ≤ 0.045%). Based on their excellent properties, the proposed FBG strain sensors are expected to be applied as high-performance strain sensing devices.
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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and economic efficiency of Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS). The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray in the treatment of CRS was searched against EMbase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, and Wanfang. The efficacy, nasal mucociliary transport time, and safety of the therapy above in the treatment of CRS were analyzed with single-group rate and Meta-analysis, and the economy and sensitivity were evaluated from the perspective of payer. A total of 9 RCTs were included, including 1 145 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray alone, Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray in the treatment of CRS patients increased the effective rate(RR=1.17, 95%CI[1.11, 1.24], P<0.000 01) and shortened the nasal mucociliary transport time(MD=-3.32, 95%CI[-5.86,-0.78], P=0.01), there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the treatment costs of the control group and the observation group were 44.15 yuan and 1 044.96 yuan, respectively. In the Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray treatment group, 75.48 yuan was spent to improve the effective rate of CRS by 1%. The one-way sensitivity analysis indicated the days of treatment, the RR of Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray, the price of unit preparation of Biyuan Tongqiao Granules, and the effective rate of Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray alone had great influence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. In conclusion, Biyuan Tongqiao Granules combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray improves the therapeutic effect on CRS. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that when the willingness to pay was greater than 7 920 yuan(less than 0.1 of GDP per capita 8 098 yuan), the combined therapy was economically superior to the control. Due to the limited number of articles published, it is necessary to carry out a real-world clinical trial of Biyuan Tongqiao Gra-nules and Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray in the treatment of CRS, so as to compare the cost-effectiveness of Biyuan Tongqiao Granules and Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray.
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Sinusitis , Triamcinolona Acetonida , Humanos , Triamcinolona Acetonida/uso terapéutico , Triamcinolona Acetonida/efectos adversos , Rociadores Nasales , Análisis de Costo-Efectividad , Sinusitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Biological invasion is a hot topic in ecological research. Most studies on the physiological mechanisms of plants focus on leaves, but few studies focus on stems. To study the tolerance of invasive plant (Sphagneticola trilobata L.) to low temperature, relevant physiological indicators (including anthocyanin and chlorophyll) in different organs (leaves and stems) were analyzed, using a native species (Sphagneticola calendulacea L.) as the control. The results showed that, upon exposure to low temperature for 15 days, the stems of two Sphagneticola species were markedly reddened, their anthocyanin content increased, chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the stem increased. The percentage increases of antioxidants and total antioxidant capacities in stems were significantly higher in S. trilobata than in S. calendulacea. This showed that S. trilobata had higher cold tolerance in stems while leaves were opposite. To further verify the higher cold tolerance of the stem of S. trilobata, a defoliation experiment was designed. We found that the defoliated stem of S. trilobata reduced anthocyanin accumulation and increased chlorophyll content, while alleviating membrane lipid damage and electrical conductivity, and the defoliated stem still showed an increase in stem diameter and biomass under low temperature. The discovery of the physiological and adaptive mechanisms of the stem of S. trilobata to low temperature will provide a theoretical basis for explaining how S. trilobata maintains its annual growth in South China. This is of great significance for predicting the future spread of cloned and propagated invasive plants.
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Adaptación Fisiológica , Asteraceae/fisiología , Frío/efectos adversos , Fotosíntesis/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Tallos de la Planta/fisiología , Malezas/fisiología , China , Especies IntroducidasRESUMEN
ATG12, a core autophagy protein, forms a conjugate with ATG5 to promote the formation of autophagosome membrane, and plays an important role in antiviral immunity. However, little is known about the function of ATG12 in fish. Here, we cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) ATG12 (LcATG12), which is 354 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 117 amino acids. The deduced LcATG12 possesses a conserved APG12 domain (residues 31 to 117), and shares 91.45% identities with ATG12 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). LcATG12 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest level in intestine. Its transcript was also detected in primary head kidney granulocytes (PKG), primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), primary head kidney lymphocytes (PKL), and large yellow croaker head kidney (LYCK) cell line, and was significantly up-regulated by poly(I:C). LcATG12 was regularly distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus of LYCK and epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells. Overexpression of LcATG12 in EPC cells significantly inhibited the replication of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Further studies reveled that LcATG12 could induce the occurrence of autophagy in LYCK cells. Furthermore, overexpression of LcATG12 in LYCK cells increased the expression levels of large yellow croaker type I interferons (IFNs, IFNc, IFNd, and IFNh), IFN regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF7), and IFN-stimulated genes (PKR, Mx, and Viperin). All these data indicated that LcATG12 plays a role in the antiviral immunity possibly by inducing both autophagy and type I IFN response in large yellow croaker.
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Enfermedades de los Peces , Perciformes , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antivirales , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunidad , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Perciformes/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
A single-frequency (SF) fiber laser is widely applied in many fields. A superior ultra-narrow-bandwidth fiber filter, which consists of an in-series commercial common fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filters with a partial overlap in their reflection spectrum, is presented in this paper. The bandwidth of the filter with a center reflection wavelength of 1549.83 nm reaches 0.024 nm at 3 dB reflection, a remarkable reduction of approximately 300% by combination usage narrower than a single FBG used bandwidth. We also demonstrate a method to further narrowing of the filter bandwidth by increasing the usage times of filters, and the bandwidth can reach 0.0025 nm at 3 dB reflection. A long linear cavity single-frequency fiber laser with an entire cavity of 30 cm is implemented with the linewidth of 941 Hz at 3 dB, which is about 210% narrower than the previous record of SF fiber laser based on FBG filters in a linear cavity. This research may open a new door toward ultra-narrow-bandwidth filters and SF fiber lasers.
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Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is closely linked to the release of proinflammatory cytokines in brain capillary endothelial cells. We have previously reported that lychee seed polyphenols (LSP) exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effect. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective effect of LSP on BBB integrity. The monolayer permeability of bEnd.3 cells, and the mRNA level and protein expression of tight junction proteins (TJs), including Claudin 5, Occludin, and ZO-1, were examined. In addition, the inhibition of Aß(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the autophagy induced by LSP were investigated by detecting the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, LC3, AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1. Furthermore, the cognitive function and the expression of TJs, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and p62 were determined in APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that LSP significantly decreased the monolayer permeability and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in Aß(25-35)-induced bEnd3 cells. In addition, LSP induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in bEnd.3 cells, and improved the spatial learning and memory function, increased the TJs expression, and inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and p62 in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, LSP protects BBB integrity in AD through inhibiting Aß(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-mediated autophagy.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamasomas/efectos de los fármacos , Litchi/química , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Semillas/química , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Polifenoles/farmacología , TransfecciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has gradually gained approval in the treatment of early glottic cancer. However, the oncological outcomes of TLM for glottic cancer with anterior commissure (AC) involvement are still a controversial topic. We aimed to systematically review the literature on glottic cancer (Tis-T2) with patients who received TLM as first choice therapy and to evaluate several prognostic outcomes in patients with or without AC involvement. METHODS: A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science. Risk ratio (RR) between AC involvement (AC+) or without AC involvement (AC-) was assessed and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) was calculated, which was performed on RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: A total of 20 literatures were included when comparing the local recurrence (LR) rate of patients with or without AC involvement, and the results suggested LR matters in group AC+ over group AC- (RR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.99-2.86, p < 0.00001). The 5-year overall survival(5yOS) rate included 10 studies, and there was no significant difference between AC+ and AC- (RR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.93-1.02, p = 0.35). The laryngeal preservation rate (LPR) of AC+ was lower than that of AC- (RR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.94-1.00, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the prognosis of early glottic cancer with AC involvement is more likely to have higher local recurrence and lower LPR but no statistical difference in 5yOS rate.
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Glotis/cirugía , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Laringe/patología , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Microcirugia/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/mortalidad , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Ingroup bias could be a significant hindrance in a context where intergroup collaboration is crucial, which makes it essential to investigate ingroup bias during pandemics. This research investigated the influence of individuals' belief in fate control on ingroup bias in helping with COVID-19, and the mediating role of risk perception of COVID-19. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the data from a community sample (n = 318) collected at the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We found that fate control was positively associated with ingroup bias in donation to the patients with COVID-19 and the frontline healthcare professionals. Moreover, the mediating role of risk perception of COVID-19 was significant. A higher level of fate control was associated with higher risk perception of COVID-19, which was, in turn, related to stronger ingroup bias in donation across individuals. These findings highlight the substantial role of general worldview in shaping individuals' responses to pandemics.
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Previous work suggests that the experiences of online and offline self-disclosure are heterogeneous among individuals. Yet little work has been done to identify the moderating role of individual characteristics and pre-existing relationship characteristics on the diverse relational outcomes. The present study using a 7-day diary design examined whether individuals' self-esteem level and relational closeness would moderate the relationships between online and offline self-disclosure to offline friends and two relational outcomes, that is, relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships. The analyses on 686 diary responses from 98 participants revealed that offline self-disclosure generally predicted greater relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships, whereas the role of online self-disclosure was not statistically significant. More importantly, self-esteem moderated the pattern associated with offline self-disclosure but not that with online self-disclosure. Specifically, offline self-disclosure predicted greater benefits to people with lower self-esteem relative to people with higher self-esteem. Moreover, pre-existing relational closeness moderated the relationship between offline self-disclosure and trust in friendships such that casual friendships benefited more from offline self-disclosure than close friendships did. The present study highlights the importance of personal characteristics and relationship characteristics in understanding the heterogeneous relational influence of different communication modes.
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Relaciones Interpersonales , Adulto , Femenino , Amigos , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Autoimagen , Autorrevelación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To develop a method for the simultaneous and rapid detection of five mushroom toxins (α-amanitin, phallacidin, muscimol, muscarine and psilocin) in blood by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). METHODS: The blood samples were precipitated with acetonitrile-water solution(Vacetonitrilâ¶Vwater=3â¶1) and PAX powder, then separated on ACQUITY Premier C18 column, eluted gradient. Five kinds of mushroom toxins were monitored by FullMS-ddMS2/positive ion scanning mode, and qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted according to the accurate mass numbers of primary and secondary fragment ions. RESULTS: All the five mushroom toxins had good linearity in their linear range, with a determination coefficient (R2)≥0.99. The detection limit was 0.2-20 ng/mL. The ration limit was 0.5-50 ng/mL. The recoveries of low, medium and high additive levels were 89.6%-101.4%, the relative standard deviation was 1.7%-6.7%, the accuracy was 90.4%-101.3%, the intra-day precision was 0.6%-9.0%, the daytime precision was 1.7%-6.3%, and the matrix effect was 42.2%-129.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple, rapid, high recovery rate, and could be used for rapid and accurate qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of various mushroom toxins in biological samples at the same time, so as to provide basis for the identification of mushroom poisoning events.
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Agaricales , Intoxicación por Setas , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Humanos , Intoxicación por Setas/diagnóstico , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
To complement established rational and evolutionary protein design approaches, significant efforts are being made to utilize computational modeling and the diversity of naturally occurring protein sequences. Here, we combine structural biology, genomic mining, and computational modeling to identify structural features critical to aldehyde deformylating oxygenases (ADOs), an enzyme family that has significant implications in synthetic biology and chemoenzymatic synthesis. Through these efforts, we discovered latent ADO-like function across the ferritin-like superfamily in various species of Bacteria and Archaea. We created a machine learning model that uses protein structural features to discriminate ADO-like activity. Computational enzyme design tools were then utilized to introduce ADO-like activity into the small subunit of Escherichia coli class I ribonucleotide reductase. The integrated approach of genomic mining, structural biology, molecular modeling, and machine learning has the potential to be utilized for rapid discovery and modulation of functions across enzyme families.
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Alcanos/metabolismo , Bacterias/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Aldehídos/metabolismo , Bacterias/química , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Ferritinas/química , Ferritinas/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Modelos Moleculares , Oxigenasas/química , Oxigenasas/genética , Oxigenasas/metabolismo , Conformación Proteica , Ribonucleótido Reductasas/química , Ribonucleótido Reductasas/genética , Ribonucleótido Reductasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Murine kobuviruses (MuKV) are newly recognized picornaviruses first detected in murine rodents in the USA in 2011. Little information on MuKV epidemiology in murine rodents is available. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the prevalence and genomic characteristics of rat kobuvirus in Guangdong, China. RESULTS: Fecal samples from 223 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected from Guangdong and kobuviruses were detected in 12.6% (28) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 3D and complete VP1 sequence regions showed that rat kobuvirus obtained in this study were genetically closely related to those of rat/mouse kobuvirus reported in other geographical areas. Two near full-length rat kobuvirus genomes (MM33, GZ85) were acquired and phylogenetic analysis of these revealed that they shared very high nucleotide/amino acids identity with one another (95.4%/99.4%) and a sewage-derived sequence (86.9%/93.5% and 87.5%/93.7%, respectively). Comparison with original Aichivirus A strains, such human kobuvirus, revealed amino acid identity values of approximately 80%. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that rat kobuvirus have distinctive genetic characteristics from other Aichivirus A viruses. Additionally, rat kobuvirus may spread via sewage.
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Genoma Viral , Kobuvirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/epidemiología , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma/métodos , Animales , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , China/epidemiología , Heces/virología , Kobuvirus/genética , Kobuvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Ratas , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Aguas del Alcantarillado/virologíaRESUMEN
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is a growth factor that drives the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Currently, two copies of GCSF, named GCSFa and GCSFb, have been identified in teleost fish, but data on the functions and signal pathways of these fish GCSFs are still limited. In the present study, a GCSFa homologue (LcGCSFa) was identified from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of LcGCSFa is 636 bp long and encodes a protein of 211 amino acids (aa), with a 19-aa signal peptide and a typical IL-6 domain, conserved in fish GCSF sequences. The phylogenetic analysis showed that LcGCSFa clustered with other fish GCSFa homologues. LcGCSFa was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested and significantly up-regulated in head kidney and spleen by Vibrio alginolyticus or poly(I:C). LcGCSFa transcripts were also detected in primary head kidney leucocytes (PKL), primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), and primary head kidney granulocytes (PKG), and significantly up-regulated in PKL and PKG by LPS or poly(I:C). These data indicated that LcGCSFa may be involved in the immune responses induced by bacterium and virus. The recombinant LcGCSFa protein (rLcGCSFa) produced in Pichia pastoris promoted the proliferation of PKL both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, rLcGCSFa significantly increased both transcription and phosphorylation levels of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins (LcSTAT3 and LcSTAT5) in PKL, which are required for the GCSF-dependent proliferation. These results showed that LcGCSFa may promote the proliferation of PKL via the activation of LcSTAT3 and LcSTAT5, suggesting a conserved role across vertebrate GCSFs.
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Inmunidad Adaptativa/genética , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Perciformes/genética , Perciformes/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de Peces/química , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/química , Filogenia , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rattus norvegicus and Suncus murinus are important reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial diseases. An understanding of the composition of gut and oropharynx bacteria in these animals is important for monitoring and preventing such diseases. We therefore examined gut and oropharynx bacterial composition in these animals in China. RESULTS: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in faecal and throat swab samples of both animals. However, the composition of the bacterial community differed significantly between sample types and animal species. Firmicutes exhibited the highest relative abundance in throat swab samples of R. norvegicus, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In throat swab specimens of S. murinus, Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes showed the highest relative abundance in faecal specimens of R. norvegicus, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria had almost equal abundance in faecal specimens of S. murinus, with Bacteroidetes accounting for only 3.07%. The family Streptococcaceae was most common in throat swab samples of R. norvegicus, while Prevotellaceae was most common in its faecal samples. Pseudomonadaceae was the predominant family in throat swab samples of S. murinus, while Enterobacteriaceae was most common in faecal samples. We annotated 33.28% sequences from faecal samples of S. murinus as potential human pathogenic bacteria, approximately 3.06-fold those in R. norvegicus. Potential pathogenic bacteria annotated in throat swab samples of S. murinus were 1.35-fold those in R. norvegicus. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial composition of throat swabs and faecal samples from R. norvegicus differed from those of S. murinus. Both species carried various pathogenic bacteria, therefore both should be closely monitored in the future, especially for S. murinus.
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Bacterias/clasificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisis , Ratas/microbiología , Musarañas/microbiología , Animales , Bacterias/genética , China , Heces/microbiología , Microbiota , Orofaringe/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Laryngeal rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) mainly occurred in children, while were extremely rare in adults. Consequently, less information was available to guide clinicians to manage adult RMSs in larynx. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of gradually worsening hoarseness. Then, he underwent a surgery with suspension laryngoscope with initially being diagnosed as vocal cord cyst. Unexpectedly, the lesion was proved to be embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), pathologically. Next, he underwent chemoradiotherapy, while the tumor relapsed 18 months after the last treatment. Subsequently, a vertical hemilaryngectomy and a right selective neck dissection was performed, and the chemotherapy according to the anticancer drug sensitivity in vitro was arranged. Until the last check-up 18 months after chemotherapy, the patient did not display clinical or radiological signs of local recurrence and metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of laryngeal RMSs might appear when tumors presented as smooth protuberance. We reported the first case of laryngeal RMSs in an adult with the multidisciplinary strategy based on the chemosensitivity assay in vitro. Furthermore, a systematic review of the literature was also discussed, highlighting the initial diagnostic pitfalls and subsequent management problems that may occur with this uncommon tumor.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Laríngeas , Laringe , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Rabdomiosarcoma Embrionario , Adulto , Quimioradioterapia , Terapia Combinada , Errores Diagnósticos , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Laríngeas/terapia , Laringectomía , Laringe/cirugía , Masculino , Disección del Cuello , Rabdomiosarcoma Embrionario/diagnóstico , Rabdomiosarcoma Embrionario/cirugía , Rabdomiosarcoma Embrionario/terapiaRESUMEN
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Our previous studies have proven that Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TTM), a traditional Chinese medicine, possesses potent anti-tumor effect. However, the detailed components and molecular mechanism of TTM in anti-NSCLC are still unknown. In the present experiment, polyphyllin VI (PPVI) was successfully isolated from TTM with guidance of the anti-proliferative effect in A549 cells, and the cell death of PPVI treated A549 and H1299 cells was closely linked with the increased intracellular ROS levels. In addition, PPVI induced apoptosis by promoting the protein expression of Bax/Bcl2, caspase-3 and caspase-9, and activated autophagy by improving LC3 II conversion and GFP-LC3 puncta formation in A549 and H1299 cells. The mechanism study found that the activity of mTOR which regulates cell growth, proliferation and autophagy was significantly suppressed by PPVI. Accordingly, the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways positively regulating mTOR were inhibited, and AMPK negatively regulating mTOR was activated. In addition, the downstream of mTOR, ULK1 at Ser 757 which downregulates autophagy was inhibited by PPVI. The apoptotic cell death induced by PPVI was confirmed, and it was significantly suppressed by the overexpression of AKT, ERK and mTOR, and the induced autophagic cell death which was depended on the Atg7 was decreased by the inhibitors, such as LY294002 (LY), Bafilomycin A1 (Baf), Compound C (CC) and SBI-0206965 (SBI). Furthermore, the mTOR signaling pathway was regulated by the increased ROS as the initial signal in A549 and H1299 cells. Finally, the anti-tumor growth activity of PPVI in vivo was validated in A549 bearing athymic nude mice. Taken together, our data have firstly demonstrated that PPVI is the main component in TTM that exerts the anti-proliferative effect by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in NSCLC via the ROS-triggered mTOR signaling pathway, and PPVI may be a promising candidate for the treatment of NSCLC in future.