Histopathological pattern of primary bone tumours at the Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional, 2015-2019.

Introduction: there is few data on epidemiology or clinico-pathology of primary bone tumours in Ethiopia. Bone tumors often have a similar presentation and clinical approach, but they present individual characteristics that are important for treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to provide a brief overview of histopathological pattern of primary bone tumours and the distribution of specific diagnosis by age, sex and anatomic locations. Methods: a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to October 2019 in the Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University based on surgical biopsy results. Results: there were 335 patients; 158 (47%) had benign tumours and 177 (53%) had malignant tumours. Osteochondroma was the most common benign bone tumour with 32.3% followed by giant cell tumour 16.5%, chondroma 11% and others 40.2%. Osteosarcoma constitutes 62% of all primary malignant bone neoplasms, followed by ewing sarcoma 15.2%, chondrosarcoma 11.3%, and others 11.5%. Most age group affected by primary bone tumours were 10-29 yrs and most common locations of presentation for primary malignant bone tumours were distal femur and proximal tibia. Conclusion: the present study results parallel the findings previously reported in literature and show a similar distribution of primary bone tumors as in the other developed and underdeveloped countries.

NeuroAIDS in Africa.

In July 2009, the Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS at the National Institute of Mental Health organized and supported the meeting "NeuroAIDS in Africa." This meeting was held in Cape Town, South Africa, and was affiliated with the 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Presentations began with an overview of the epidemiology of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, the molecular epidemiology of HIV, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), and HAND treatment. These introductory talks were followed by presentations on HAND research and clinical care in Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. Topics discussed included best practices for assessing neurocognitive disorders, patterns of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the region, subtype-associated risk for HAND, pediatric HIV assessments and neurodevelopment, HIV-associated CNS opportunistic infections and immune reconstitution syndrome, the evolving changes in treatment implementation, and various opportunities and strategies for NeuroAIDS research and capacity building in the region.