RESUMEN
Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (AR LGMDs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that affect mainly the proximal musculature. There are eight genetically distinct forms of AR LGMD, LGMD 2A-H (refs 2-10), and the genetic lesions underlying these forms, except for LGMD 2G and 2H, have been identified. LGMD 2A and LGMD 2B are caused by mutations in the genes encoding calpain 3 (ref. 11) and dysferlin, respectively, and are usually associated with a mild phenotype. Mutations in the genes encoding gamma-(ref. 14), alpha-(ref. 5), beta-(refs 6,7) and delta (ref. 15)-sarcoglycans are responsible for LGMD 2C to 2F, respectively. Sarcoglycans, together with sarcospan, dystroglycans, syntrophins and dystrobrevin, constitute the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Patients with LGMD 2C-F predominantly have a severe clinical course. The LGMD 2G locus maps to a 3-cM interval in 17q11-12 in two Brazilian families with a relatively mild form of AR LGMD (ref. 9). To positionally clone the LGMD 2G gene, we constructed a physical map of the 17q11-12 region and refined its localization to an interval of 1.2 Mb. The gene encoding telethonin, a sarcomeric protein, lies within this candidate region. We have found that mutations in the telethonin gene cause LGMD 2G, identifying a new molecular mechanism for AR LGMD.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Distrofias Musculares/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Conectina , Exones , Femenino , Genes Recesivos , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Intrones , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Musculares/química , Distrofias Musculares/clasificación , Núcleo Familiar , Linaje , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Sarcómeros/genética , Sarcómeros/metabolismo , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
A review of the field commonly referred to as color psychology poses a number of organizational problems stemming from the size and diversity of the literature, the range of issues investigated, and the different degrees of experimental rigor exercised. As a selective approach is both inevitable and desirable, the focus of this review is on those laboratory studies involving an "evaluative" response to color patches or chips. Numerically, this research represents the main body of work in color psychology and in experimental aesthetics generally.