RESUMEN
Over the course of nearly six decades since the inception of initial trials involving 5-FU in the treatment of mCRC (metastatic colorectal cancer), our progressive comprehension of the pathophysiology, genetics, and surgical techniques related to mCRC has paved the way for the introduction of novel therapeutic modalities. These advancements not only have augmented the overall survival but have also positively impacted the quality of life (QoL) for affected individuals. Despite the remarkable progress made in the last two decades in the development of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and target therapies, mCRC remains an incurable disease, with a 5-year survival rate of 14%. In this comprehensive review, our primary goal is to present an overview of mCRC treatment methods following the latest guidelines provided by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS). Emphasis has been placed on outlining treatment approaches encompassing chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery's role in managing mCRC. Furthermore, our review delves into prospective avenues for developing new therapies, offering a glimpse into the future of alternative pathways that hold potential for advancing the field.
RESUMEN
Atopic skin is dry and itchy and lacks integrity. Impaired skin barrier results from altered lipid composition of the skin. A crucial skin lipid, cholesterol, provides flexibility and homeostasis of the cell membranes' lipid bilayer. Cholesterol-based creams and natural oils, especially blackcurrant seed oil, are beneficial for skin care as they hydrate the skin and improve its integrity. The major atopic symptom, skin dryness, can be overcome by the application of porous patches enhanced with cholesterol and natural oil. The base of the patches is constructed of polyimide (PI) nanofibers with cholesterol coatings and externally added blackcurrant seed oil. The presence of cholesterol in PI mats hinders the passage of oil through the patches to the skin, resulting in sustained and prolonged skin hydration. The theoretical and numerical investigations of oil dynamics in porous mats confirmed the experimental results, showing a prolonged skin hydration effect up to 6 h. Additionally, as demonstrated by in vivo tests on atopic mice, cholesterol patches lower serum immunoglobulin E levels and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the skin, thereby accelerating skin healing. Our results hold great promise for the long-term application of the patches in atopic dermatitis treatment.