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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the levels of exosomes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma and the severity of lung injury and its outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: Patients who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University and received invasive mechanical ventilation were selected from August 2020 to April 2021, and they were divided into ARDS group and non-ARDS group. Finally, 33 ARDS patients were included, including 18 males and 15 females, aged (65.5±15.5) years; 10 non-ARDS patients, 8 males and 2 females, aged (57.2±15.3) years. The BALF and plasma of the two groups of patients were collected within 24 hours after enrollment, and the total exosomes of the samples were collected by ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was used to detect and compare the differences in exosome content between the two groups. Correlation of content with the severity and prognosis of lung injury in ARDS patients. Results: There was no significant difference in gender and age between ARDS group and non-ARDS group (both P>0.05). The exosome in plasma of ARDS group was significantly higher than that of non-ARDS group [(25.3±1.2)/ml vs (24.2±1.6)/ml, P=0.031], while the exosomes in BALF of ARDS group was also higher than that of non-ARDS group [(26.5±1.6)/ml vs (24.6±1.1)/ml, P=0.001]. The exosomes in BALF of patients with ARDS caused by intrapulmonary causes was higher than that in ARDS group caused by extrapulmonary causes [(26.9±1.5)/ml vs (25.2±0.9)/ml, P=0.01], and the infection caused by bacterial shows that the highest exosome level in BALF. The exosomes in the BALF of the mild ARDS group was significantly lower than that of the severe ARDS group [(25.7±1.3)/ml vs (27.2±1.5)/ml, P=0.038]; the exosomes in BALF of ARDS patients was negatively correlated with P/F ratio (r=-0.38, P=0.03); and it was positively correlated with Murray lung injury score (r=0.47, P=0.01). However, the static compliance levels, length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and 28-day outcome were not associated with the exosomes in BALF. Conclusion: Compared with non-ARDS patients, ARDS patients have significantly higher levels of exosomes in BALF and plasma, there is a certain correlation between exosomes derived from BALF and the severity of lung injury in ARDS.
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Exosomas , Lesión Pulmonar , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
From 2013 to 2014, the age of 924 residents recruited in Haikou City was (38±13) years old, of which 57.3% (529) were males. Those who chewed betel nuts accounted for 17.4% (161). According to the diagnostic criteria of substance abuse in the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the detection rate of betel nut abuse was 7.0% (65). Compared with those who were>30 years old, educated>6 years and non-smokers, people aged 15 to 30 years, education level less than 6 years and smoking behavior had higher risk of betel nut abuse, with the OR (95%CI) about 4.21 (1.48-11.99), 7.81 (1.92-31.69), and 13.53 (4.15-44.11), respectively.
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Areca , Masticación , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Fumar , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries successfully restore anterior tibial translation but not tibial rotation. This study aimed to explore landing strategies focusing on the control of tibial rotation at landing when the ACL is most vulnerable. Three groups of male subjects (50 ACLRs, 26 basketball players, and 31 controls) participated in one-leg forward hop tests for determining the tibial rotatory landing strategies adopted during the initial landing phase. The differences in knee kinematics and muscle activities between internal and external tibial rotatory (ITR, ETR) landing strategies were examined. A higher proportion of basketball players (34.6%) were found to adopt ITR strategies (controls: 6.5%), exhibiting significantly greater hopping distance and knee strength. After adjusting for hopping distance, subjects adopting ITR strategies were found to hop faster with straighter knees at foot contact and with greater ITR and less knee adduction angular displacement during the initial landing phase. However, significantly greater angular displacement in knee flexion, greater medial hamstring activities, and greater co-contraction index of hamstrings and medial knee muscles were also found during initial landing. Our results support the importance of the recruitments of medial hamstrings or the local co-contraction in assisting the rotatory control of the knee during initial landing for avoiding ACL injuries.
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Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Rotación , Tibia/fisiología , Adulto , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/prevención & control , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Baloncesto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Humanos , Rodilla/fisiología , Masculino , Fuerza Muscular , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The feasibility and effectiveness of treating pollutants in slightly polluted raw water by variable charge soil and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was investigated. Removal efficiencies of turbidity, phenol, aniline, algae and heavy metals (Cu(2+), Zn(2+) and Pb(2+)) were used to evaluate the coagulation performance. The results indicated that the addition of variable charge soil as a coagulant aid is advantageous due to the improvement of removal efficiencies. The tests also demonstrated that the presence of variable charge soil increased the removal of turbidity rather than adding residuary turbidity. The use of variable charge soil produced settleable flocs of greater density and bigger size. The main mechanism involved in the PAC coagulation was supposed to be sweep flocculation as well as charge-neutralization. Variable charge soil played a promoted aid role by adsorption in the enhanced coagulation process. It is concluded that the enhanced coagulation by PAC and variable charge soil, as coagulant and adsorbent, is more effective and efficient than traditional coagulation.
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Hidróxido de Aluminio/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Adsorción , Compuestos de Anilina/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación Ambiental , Estudios de Factibilidad , Floculación , Metales Pesados/aislamiento & purificación , Fenol/aislamiento & purificación , Suelo , AguaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated potential in preclinical medical research as a protective agent against inflammatory injuries and a provider of neuroprotective benefits. However, its effect on the short-term prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy remains unclear. This study aims to explore the underlying value of dexmedetomidine in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study enrolled patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and they were divided into two groups based on dexmedetomidine therapy during hospitalization. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were utilized to balance the inter-group baseline differences. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves with log-rank test and subgroup analysis were also employed. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, hospital stay time, and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). RESULTS: After PSM, 1,075 pairs of patients were matched. In contrast to the non-dexmedetomidine cohort, the dexmedetomidine cohort did not exhibit a shortened ICU [4.65 (3.16, 8.55) vs. 6.14 (3.66, 11.04), p<0.001] and hospital stay duration [10.04 (6.55, 15.93) vs. 12.76 (7.92, 19.95), p<0.001], and there was an elevated incidence of VAP [90 (8.4%) vs. 135 (12.6%), p=0.002]. The log-rank test for the KM curves of dexmedetomidine use and 28-day mortality was statistically significant (p<0.001). The results showed that dexmedetomidine was associated with improved 28-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.61, p<0.001] and in-hospital mortality (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37-0.67, p<0.001) after adjusting for various confounders. In the following subgroup analysis, dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with decreased 28-day mortality in most subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine administration was significantly associated with reduced short-term mortality among patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy in the ICU. However, it also prolonged ICU and hospital stays and increased the incidence of VAP.
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Dexmedetomidina , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis , Humanos , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapéutico , Respiración Artificial , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis/epidemiología , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Enfermedad Crítica , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The feasibility of using raw diatomite and aluminum hydroxide-modified diatomite (Al-diatomite) for removal of aniline and phenol from water was investigated. Their physicochemical characteristics such as pHsolution, point of zero charge (pHPZC), surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy was determined. After the raw diatomite was modified, the surface area of Al-diatomite increases from 26.67 to 82.65 m(2) g(-1). The pHPZC and pHsolution (10%) occurred around pH 5.2 and pH 8.6, respectively. The removal rates of aniline and phenol on diatomite and Al-diatomite decreased with increasing solution pH, while surface charge density decreased. The adsorption of aniline and phenol on diatomite presented a good fit to the Langmuir and Freundlich models, but the models are not fit to forecast the adsorption of aniline and phenol on Al-diatomite. The study indicated that electrostatic interaction was a dominating mechanism of aniline and phenol sorption onto Al-diatomite.
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Hidróxido de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Anilina/aislamiento & purificación , Tierra de Diatomeas/química , Fenol/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
The single-solute and bisolute sorption behaviour of phenol and trichloroethylene, two organic compounds with different structures, onto cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-montmorillonite was studied. The monolayer Langmuir model (MLM) and empirical Freundlich model (EFM) were applied to the single-solute sorption of phenol or trichloroethylene from water onto monolayer or multilayer CTAB-montmorillonite. The parameters contained in the MLM and EFM were determined for each solute by fitting to the single-solute isotherm data, and subsequently utilized in binary sorption. The extended Langmuir model (ELM) coupled with the single-solute MLM and the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) coupled with the single-solute EFM were used to predict the binary sorption of phenol and trichloroethylene onto CTAB-montmorillonite. It was found that the EFM was better than the MLM at describing single-solute sorption from water onto CTAB-montmorillonite, and the IAST was better than the ELM at describing the binary sorption from water onto CTAB-montmorillonite.
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Bentonita/química , Fenoles/química , Tricloroetileno/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Agua/química , Adsorción , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and laboratory diagnostic methods of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type B. Methods: Clinical data of 3 infants with type B botulism who were admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from May to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Botulinum toxin was detected in fecal samples or fecal enrichment solution of the patients, and Clostridium botulinum was cultured and isolated from fecal samples. Results: The age of onset of the patients (two boys and one girl) was 3, 3 and 8 months old, respectively. Two cases had the onset in May and one case had the onset in November. There were two cases with mixed feeding and one case with breast feeding. One case's family members engaged in meat processing. All of them were previously healthy. All the children presented with acute flaccid paralysis, cranial nerve involvement and difficult defecation. Two cases had secondary urinary tract infection. Electromyograms of two cases showed that action potential amplitude of the motor nerve were lower than those of their peers. After treatments including intravenous human immunoglobulin, respiratory tract management, urethral catheterization, nasal feeding, etc., three cases recovered completely 2 to 4 months later. Type B botulinum toxin was detected in the fecal diluent of one patient, and the TPGYT enrichment solution and cooked meet medium of the feces of 3 patients, respectively. Clostridium botulinum B was identified from the feces of 3 infants after culture, isolation and purification. Conclusions: Combined with typical clinical manifestations including acute flaccid paralysis, cranial nerve involvement symptoms and difficult defecation examination, infant botulism can be clinically diagnosed. The detection of fecal botulinum toxin and the culture and isolation of Clostridium botulinum are helpful for the diagnosis.
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Botulismo/diagnóstico , Clostridium botulinum tipo B/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/microbiología , Toxinas Botulínicas , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Clostridium botulinum , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding salivary glycoprotein, plays an important role in human innate defense against local mucosal infection. We hypothesized that Lf interferes with initial oral bacterial attachment to surfaces by iron sequestration, so inhibiting subsequent biofilm formation. The objective was to investigate the effect of Lf on the early stages of single-species and multi-species oral biofilm development. METHODS: Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. Glass disks of a two-track flow cell coated with flowing artificial saliva (0.3 ml/min) with and without Lf (100 microg/ml) were used for studying bacterial attachment (3 h, 37 degrees C). Attachment was also examined by incubating single or multiple species of test bacteria (10(7) colony-forming units/ml) with Lf-coated (20-100 microg/ml) and uncoated glass slides. The effects of beta-lactoglobulin, 2,2'-dipyridyl (25-100 microg/ml), an iron chelator, and FeCl3 on attachment were also examined. RESULTS: Lf inhibited the initial attachment of S. gordonii (50.3%, P < 0.05) but not that of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. However, the attachment of a dual-species biofilm containing S. gordonii (i.e. S. gordonii/F. nucleatum or S. gordonii/P. gingivalis) was significantly reduced (48.7% or 62.1%, respectively, P < 0.05) in the presence of Lf. beta-Lactoglobulin did not affect the attachment of S. gordonii. In the presence of 100 microm 2,2'-dipyridyl, attachment of S. gordonii was reduced by 53.87%. No reduction in attachment was noted in S. gordonii pretreated with Lf (100 microg/ml) and FeCl3 (20-200 microm). CONCLUSION: Lf suppresses initial attachment of S. gordonii and S. gordonii coaggregates by iron sequestration. This may lead to subsequent inhibition of oral biofilm development.
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Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Lactoferrina/farmacología , Boca/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , 2,2'-Dipiridil/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruros , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Compuestos Férricos/farmacología , Fusobacterium nucleatum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Quelantes del Hierro/farmacología , Lactoferrina/administración & dosificación , Lactoglobulinas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saliva Artificial/farmacología , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/administración & dosificación , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/farmacología , Streptococcus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus gordonii/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus gordonii/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Yak meat is of good quality with fine texture, high protein and low fat content, and rich in amino acids compared with that of cattle, and it lacks anabolic steroids or other drugs. In general terms, however, the meat yield of yak is relatively low compared with that of the cattle. In order to prevent possible adulteration of yak meat with cattle meat, based on the sequence of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, a multiplex PCR-based approach was proposed for rapid identification of the meat from yak and cattle using three primers designed in this work. Through the combinatorial usage of three primers with a single reaction set, two fragments of 290 and 159bp were amplified from the cattle meat DNA, whereas only a fragment of 290bp was obtained from the yak meat DNA. Using the assay described, satisfactory amplification was accomplished in the analysis of raw and heat-treated binary meat mixtures of yak/cattle with a detection limit of 0.1% for cattle meat. The technique is fast and straightforward. It might be a useful tool in the quality control of yak meat and meat products.
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The introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cell immunophenotyping and use of flow cytometry with the progressively improving software for multivariate analyses have revolutionized the diagnosis and influenced the classification of hematologic neoplasms. In this review we focus on the practical application of flow cytometry in the diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphomas and related lymphoproliferative disorders with special emphasis on differential diagnosis. A general approach to the utilization of flow cytometry (FC) in hematopathology with an algorithm to diagnose the most common neoplasms is presented. We discuss precursor B-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms (SLL/CLL, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation), precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia and mature (peripheral) T-cell neoplasms, including T-SLL/PLL, anaplastic cell lymphomas and large granular cell leukemia/lymphoma. The text is accompanied by characteristic FC scatterplots of the discussed entities.
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Antígenos de Diferenciación/análisis , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunofenotipificación/métodos , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación/biosíntesis , Antígenos de Diferenciación/genética , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/química , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/patología , Biomarcadores , Diferenciación Celular , Linaje de la Célula , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Humanos , Leucemia de Células Pilosas/diagnóstico , Leucemia de Células Pilosas/metabolismo , Leucemia de Células Pilosas/patología , Leucemia Prolinfocítica/diagnóstico , Leucemia Prolinfocítica/metabolismo , Leucemia Prolinfocítica/patología , Linfoma/química , Linfoma/clasificación , Linfoma/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/química , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Plasmacitoma/diagnóstico , Plasmacitoma/metabolismo , Plasmacitoma/patología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/patología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/química , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/patologíaRESUMEN
A case of dedifferentiated acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is presented. A 46-year-old man presented with a parotid gland mass. At surgery the tumor was found adherent to the temporal bone and cervical adenopathy was present. Treatment included radical parotidectomy and intraoperative radiotherapy. Histologically, the tumor was a composite of a usual low-grade acinic cell carcinoma and high-grade, poorly differentiated carcinoma. Cervical lymph node metastases were composed entirely of high-grade carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, both low- and high-grade malignant components were negative for p53 oncoprotein expression. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction and nonisotopic single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses were consistent with a germ line configuration of the p53 gene, exons five through eight, in both low- and high-grade elements of the tumor. The literature on this unusual variant of acinic cell carcinoma is reviewed.
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Carcinoma de Células Acinares/patología , Genes p53 , Neoplasias de la Parótida/patología , Carcinoma de Células Acinares/genética , Carcinoma de Células Acinares/metabolismo , ADN de Neoplasias , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Parótida/genética , Neoplasias de la Parótida/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in a series of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Twenty-three B-CLL patients were transplanted between 1988 and 1997 using stem cells from a related (n = 20) or an unrelated donor (n = 3). The median age of the patients was 46 years, and the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens received was two. At transplantation, 14 patients had chemorefractory disease and 12 of these were refractory to fludarabine. The preparative regimens included total body irradiation (TBI) in 22 of the 23 cases. All patients received graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. Twenty patients (87%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 54%. Fourteen (61%) patients are alive and disease-free, including two with unrelated donors, at a median of 26 months (range, 9-115 months). Nine patients (39%) have died, one of whom had progressive B-CLL. The only favorable prognostic factor for failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) after alloSCT was the use of a cyclophosphamide/TBI rather than an etoposide/cyclophosphamide/TBI regimen (P = 0.03). The projected 5-year FFS, OS, and relapse rates after alloSCT were 65% (95% CI, 48-88%), 62% (95% CI, 43-88%), and 5% (95%, CI 0-13%), respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of high-dose therapy and alloSCT for inducing and maintaining a remission in patients with advanced or chemorefractory B-CLL. The low relapse rate may be due to an allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia effect.
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Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/terapia , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/epidemiología , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/mortalidad , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Recurrencia , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Trasplante Homólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The "floral" variant of follicle center lymphoma (FCL) may be confused with progressive transformation of germinal centers or lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies are usually sufficient to differentiate among these entities. We present 11 cases of floral FCL that were evaluated at our institution by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or both and by polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analysis. In 4 cases, the neoplastic B cells coexpressed CD5 antigens; 3 of these 4 cases also were CD10+, and all demonstrated rearrangement within the bcl-2 locus. These findings demonstrate that a subset of floral FCL is CD5+. Recognition of this immunophenotype is important to avoid misdiagnosis of nodular variants of small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Studies suggest that expression of CD5 by neoplastic germinal center cells might result from alterations of the follicular microenvironment and/or inappropriate B-cell responses to cytokine networks.
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Antígenos CD5/metabolismo , Linfoma Folicular/inmunología , Linfoma Folicular/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos CD , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Reordenamiento Génico de Linfocito B , Genes bcl-2 , Genotipo , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunofenotipificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma (SMZCL) is a recently described clinicopathologic entity, that is reported to overlap with splenic B-cell lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. The authors describe the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings in five cases of SMZCL. There were two males and three females, with a mean age of 68.4 years, who presented with peripheral blood cytopenias and splenomegaly. One patient had an absolute lymphocytosis with many villous lymphocytes. With clinical follow-up of 9 to 37 months, two patients are alive and three patients died of unrelated causes. Splenectomy was done in each patient and the spleens were large, 970-2,400 g. Histologically, the SMZCLs preferentially replaced the marginal and mantle zones with partial or complete replacement of germinal centers in the white pump. The neoplastic cells were predominantly small to medium in size with oval or slightly irregular nuclei and relatively abundant pale or eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunophenotypic studies demonstrated that the neoplastic cells expressed monotypic immunoglobulin, IgD in four tumors, pan-B-cell antigens, and bcl-2. The tumor cells were negative for the CD2, CD3, CD5, CD10, CD11c, CD25, CD35, CD38, CD45RO, and CD68 antigens, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Southern blot hybridization revealed immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in all tumors. The major breakpoint region of the bcl-2 gene and the T-cell receptor beta chain gene were in the germline configuration. Polymerase chain reaction studies did not identify the t(14;18) or t(11;14). All cases were negative for p53 protein and single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis for p53 gene mutations was negative. Our results support the concept that SMZCL is a clinically indolent, low grade B-cell lymphoma that probably arises from splenic marginal zone lymphocytes.
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Linfoma de Células B/patología , Neoplasias del Bazo/patología , Anciano , Antígenos CD/análisis , Secuencia de Bases , Femenino , Reordenamiento Génico , Reordenamiento Génico de la Cadena beta de los Receptores de Antígenos de los Linfocitos T , Genes de Inmunoglobulinas , Genes p53 , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Inmunofenotipificación , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células B/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/análisis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Neoplasias del Bazo/genética , Neoplasias del Bazo/inmunología , Translocación GenéticaRESUMEN
The clonality of dendritic cell proliferations arising in patients with previously diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has not been determined. The highly polymorphic human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) can be used to assess the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation and, hence, the clonality of tumors in female patients. In this study, specimens from 2 female patients with dendritic cell tumor following low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma were analyzed. Microdissection was performed on tissue sections to obtain representative tissues for analysis. The HUMARA polymerase chain reaction was modified to include a fluorochrome (6-carboxyfluorescein)-labeled primer so the product could be assessed with the ABI Genescan Analysis program for the Macintosh (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif). Our results indicate that dendritic cell proliferations associated with low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma are clonal lesions. Previous microdissection is very helpful in obtaining the desired cell populations for study. The use of a fluorescent primer coupled with the Genescan System is a novel, highly sensitive, quantitative system that avoids the use of radioactive materials.
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ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Células Dendríticas/patología , Amplificación de Genes , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , División Celular , Células Dendríticas/ultraestructura , Femenino , Fluorescencia , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma no Hodgkin/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Cromosoma X/genéticaRESUMEN
An understanding of biofilm behavior of periodontopathic bacteria is key to the development of effective oral therapies. We hypothesized that interspecies bacterial aggregates play an important role in anaerobic biofilm establishment and proliferation, and contribute to the survivability of the biofilm against therapeutic agents. The system developed in this study assessed a multi-species (Streptococcus gordonii, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) biofilm formation under anaerobic and flowing conditions with the use of an in situ image analysis system. The biofilm was comprised of a base film of non-aggregated cells and complex interspecies aggregates that formed in the planktonic phase which rapidly colonized the surface, reaching 58 +/- 9% and 65 +/- 11.8% coverage by 5 and 24 hrs, respectively. Upon SDS (0.1%) treatment of a 24-hour biofilm, substantial detachment (55 +/- 14%, P < 0.05) of the aggregates was observed, while the base film bacteria remained attached but non-viable. Rapid re-establishment of the biofilm occurred via attachment of viable planktonic aggregates.
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Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Detergentes/farmacología , Boca/microbiología , Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio/farmacología , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Anaerobiosis , Análisis de Varianza , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Ecosistema , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
During the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of Ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. Through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside) were identified. Among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside were new compounds. Ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia with MICs ranging from 42 to 625 micrograms ml-1. Maesopsin, its glucoside, and 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid, were inactive below the concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Boca/microbiología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Actinomyces viscosus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Noresteroides/química , Noresteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Noresteroides/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The twigs of Diospyros lycioides, a plant commonly known as "muthala", are frequently used as chewing sticks for the cleaning of teeth by rural and urban people in Namibia. Preliminary studies showed that a methanol extract of D. lycioides inhibited growth of selected oral pathogens. Subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four novel bioactive naphthalene glycosides, diospyrosides A, B, C, and D (1-4), and two known bioactive naphthoquinones, juglone (5) and 7-methyljuglone (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds inhibited the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis) and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/mL. Juglone exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity among these compounds.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Enfermedades de la Boca/prevención & control , Higiene Bucal , Plantas Comestibles/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Porphyromonas/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to emphasize the diagnostic utility of intraoperative touch imprint preparations in the evaluation of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-infected lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. PATIENTS: Two human immunodeficiency virus-positive men, 41 and 29 years of age, with marked lymphadenopathy clinically suspicious for malignant neoplasm. RESULTS: Intraoperative touch imprints of two lymph node biopsy specimens rapidly demonstrated the presence of numerous intracellular organisms in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-infected lymph nodes, including one case of mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative touch imprint preparations are helpful in the evaluation of lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients and allow rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection.