Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene-1 is a central signaling component in the development of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases and affects almost 1% of the population. Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene-1 (DEC1) has been associated with both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. RA condition is marked by inflammatory hyperplasia, and DEC1 is known to support inflammatory reactions and implicated in antiapoptosis and cell invasion. Here, our goal was to test the hypothesis that DEC1 enhances RA development induced by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a well-recognized protocol for developing RA animal models. DEC1+/+ and DEC1-/- mice were subjected to CIA protocol, and the development of RA condition was monitored. We found that CIA robustly induced RA phenotypes (e.g., synovial hyperplasia) and greatly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. However, these changes were detected in DEC1+/+ but not DEC1-/- mice. Interestingly, these very cytokines strongly induced DEC1, and such a dual role of DEC1, as an inducer for and being induced by proinflammatory cytokines, constitutes a DEC1-amplifying circuit for inflammation. Knockdown of DEC1 in human MH7A cells strongly decreased cell migration and invasion as well as the expression of genes related to RA phenotypes. The combination of DEC1-directed migration and invasion in vitro with synovial hyperplasia in vivo mechanistically establishes cellular bases on how DEC1 is involved in the development of RA phenotypes. In addition to inflammatory signaling, DEC1 functionally interacted with PI3KCA(p110α)/Akt/GSK3ß, Wnt/ß-catenin, and NFATc1. Such engagement in multiple signaling pathways suggests that DEC1 plays coordinated and integral roles in developing RA, one of the most common autoimmune diseases.

Topology Prediction of Gas-Separating Metal-Organic Frameworks with Low Symmetry Vertices.

Topology serves as a blueprint for the construction of reticular structures such as metal-organic frameworks, especially for those based on building blocks with highly symmetrical shapes. However, it remains a challenge to predict the topology of the frameworks from less symmetrical units, because their corresponding vertex figures are largely deformed from the perfect geometries with no "default" net embedding. Furthermore, vertices involving flexible units may have multiple shape choices, and the competition among their designated topologies makes the structure prediction in large uncertainty. Herein, the deformation index is proposed to characterize the symmetry loss of the vertex figure by comparing it with its ideal geometry. The mathematical index is employed to predict the shapes of two in situ formed Co-based metalloligands (pseudo-tetrahedron and pseudo-square), which further dictate the framework topology (flu and scu) when they are joined with the [Zr6O8]-based cuboid units. The two frameworks with very similar constituents provide an ideal platform to investigate how the pore shapes and interconnectivity influence the gas separation. The net with cylindrical channels outperforms the other with discreate cages in C3H8/C2H6/CH4 separation, benefiting from the facile accessibility of its interaction sites to the guests imposed by the specific framework topology.

Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Monohydrosilanes via Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydrosilylation.

The catalytic access of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes remains a big challenge, and largely depends on the desymmetrization of the symmetric precursors with two identical substitutes attached to silicon atom. Here we report the construction of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes via catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic monohydrosilanes with good to excellent selectivity factors. Both Si-stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles and Si-stereogenic monohydrosilanes could be efficiently accessed in one single operation via Rh-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular hydrosilylation, employing (R,R)-Et-DuPhos as the optimal ligand. This catalytic protocol features mild conditions, a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol % [Rh(cod)Cl]2), high stereoinduction (S factor up to 152), and excellent scalability. Moreover, further derivatizations led to the efficient synthesis of uncommon middle-size (7- and 8-membered) Si-stereogenic silacycles. Preliminary mechanistic study indicates this reaction might undergo a modified Chalk-Harrod mechanism.

Construction of Si-Stereogenic Silanols by Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Alkenylation.

The construction of silicon-stereogenic silanols via Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing oxime ether as the directing group, silicon-stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, parallel kinetic resolution with unsymmetric substrates further highlighted the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that L-pyroglutamic acid could stabilize the Pd catalyst and provide excellent chiral induction. Preliminary computational studies unveil the origin of the enantioselectivity in the C-H bond activation step.

Diphosphine Ligand-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Chelate-Assisted Inner-Selective Migratory Hydroarylation of Alkenes.

The precise control of the regioselectivity in the transition metal-catalyzed migratory hydrofunctionalization of alkenes remains a big challenge. With a transient ketimine directing group, the nickel-catalyzed migratory ß-selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of alkenyl ketones has been realized with aryl boronic acids using alkyl halide as the mild hydride source for the first time. The key to this success is the use of a diphosphine ligand, which is capable of the generation of a Ni(II)-H species in the presence of alkyl bromide, and enabling the efficient migratory insertion of alkene into Ni(II)-H species and the sequent rapid chain walking process. The present approach diminishes organosilanes reductant, tolerates a wide array of complex functionalities with excellent regioselective control. Moreover, this catalytic system could also be applied to the migratory hydroarylation of alkenyl azahetereoarenes, thus providing a general approach for the preparation of 1,2-aryl heteroaryl motifs with wide potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery.

Cu-Mediated Thianthrenation and Phenoxathiination of Arylborons.

Great success in synthetic chemistry is motivated by the development of novel and reactive linchpins for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions, which has dramatically altered chemists' approach to building molecules. Herein, we report the ready synthesis of aryl sulfonium salts, a versatile electrophilic linchpin, via a novel Cu-mediated thianthrenation and phenoxathiination of commercially available arylborons with thianthrene and phenoxathiine, providing a series of aryl sulfonium salts in high efficiency. More importantly, by leveraging the sequential Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation and Cu-mediated thianthrenation of arylborons, the formal thianthrenation of arenes is also achieved. The Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation with undirected arenes normally occurred at the less steric hindrance position, thus providing a complementary method for thianthrenation of arenes in comparison with electrophilic thianthrenation. This process is capable of late-stage functionalization of a series of pharmaceuticals, which might find wide synthetic applications in both industry and academic sectors.

Target Design of Multinary Metal-Organic Frameworks for Near-Infrared Imaging and Chemodynamic Therapy.

Imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy is widely considered a promising modality for personalized and precision cancer treatment. Combining both imaging and chemodynamic functions in one system conventionally relies on the hybrid materials approach. However, the heterogeneous, ill-defined, and dissociative/disintegrative nature of the composites tends to complicate their action proceedings in biological environments and thus makes the treatment imprecise and ineffective. Herein, a strategy to employ two kinds of inorganic units with different functions─reactive oxygen species generation and characteristic emission─has achieved two single-crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), demonstrating the competency of reticular chemistry in creating multifunctional materials with atomic precision. The multinary MOFs could not only catalyze the transformation from H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals by utilizing the redox-active Cu-based units but also emit characteristic tissue-penetrating near-infrared luminescence brought by the Yb4 clusters in the scaffolds. Dual functions of MOF nanoparticles are further evidenced by pronounced cell imaging signals, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, significant cell apoptosis, and reduced cell viabilities when they are taken up by the HeLa cells. In vivo NIR imaging is demonstrated after the MOF nanoparticles are further functionalized. The independent yet interconnected modules in the intact MOFs could operate concurrently at the same cellular site, achieving a high spatiotemporal consistency. Overall, our work suggests a new method to effectively accommodate both imaging and therapy functions in one well-defined material for precise treatment.

Comparison of efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Increasingly, non-pharmacological interventions are being identified and applied to post-stroke dysphagia. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to assess which type of interventions are more effective. In this study, the randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions on post-stroke dysphagia were retrieved from the relevant databases. Including 96 studies and 12 non-drug treatments. Then, and the network meta-analysis is carried out by statistical software. The results show: In the aspects of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), swallowing-quality of life (SWAL-QOL), Water swallow test (WST); Acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + massage, electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, electrotherapy, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + acupoints sticking application have significant effects in post-stroke dysphagia. Compared with other interventions, they have more advantages in improving the above indicators. A substantial number of high-quality randomized clinical trials are still necessary in the prospective to validate the therapeutic effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in post-stroke dysphagia and the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Auxin plays a role in the adaptation of rice to anaerobic germination and seedling establishment.

Auxin is well known to stimulate coleoptile elongation and rapid seedling growth in the air. However, its role in regulating rice germination and seedling establishment under submergence is largely unknown. Previous studies revealed that excessive levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) frequently cause the inhibition of plant growth and development. In this study, the high-level accumulation of endogenous IAA is observed under dark submergence, stimulating rice coleoptile elongation but limiting the root and primary leaf growth during anaerobic germination (AG). We found that oxygen and light can reduce IAA levels, promote the seedling establishment and enhance rice AG tolerance. miRNA microarray profiling and RNA gel blot analysis results show that the expression of miR167 is negatively regulated by submergence; it subsequently modulates the accumulation of free IAA through the miR167-ARF-GH3 pathway. The OsGH3-8 encodes an IAA-amido synthetase that functions to prevent free IAA accumulation. Reduced miR167 levels or overexpressing OsGH3-8 increase auxin metabolism, reduce endogenous levels of free IAA and enhance rice AG tolerance. Our studies reveal that poor seed germination and seedling growth inhibition resulting from excessive IAA accumulation would cause intolerance to submergence in rice, suggesting that a certain threshold level of auxin is essential for rice AG tolerance.

Demographic and clinical feature disparity between progress and non-progress patients with vitiligo after COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study.

There have been several case reports regarding newly developed vitiligo following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine and vitiligo progression remains unclear. To explore the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine and vitiligo progression and its potential influencing factors, A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients with vitiligo who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Detailed information covering demographic characteristics (age and sex), vitiligo clinical features (disease subtypes, duration, stage and comorbidities) and disease activity was collected through an electronic questionnaire. Ninety patients with vitiligo included 44.4% males, with an average age of 38.1 years (standard deviation, SD = 15.0). Patients were divided into progress group (29, 32.2%) and normal group (61, 67.8%) based on whether they experienced vitiligo progression after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. 41.3% of patients in the progress group experienced vitiligo progression within 1 week after vaccination, and disease progression mainly occurred after the first dose inoculation (20, 69.0%). Logistic regression revealed that patients aged <45 years (odds ratio (OR) was 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-2.22) and male patients (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.34-2.05) had lower risk for vitiligo progression, while patients with segmental vitiligo (SV) subtype (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.53-5.33), with <5 years disease duration (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.51-3.47) had higher risk for vitiligo progression after COVID-19 vaccination, but without statistical significance. Over 30% patients experienced vitiligo progression after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, and female patients, elder age, shorter disease duration and SV subtype are potential risk factors for vitiligo progression.

Modeling of the Rating of Perceived Exertion Based on Heart Rate Using Machine Learning Methods.

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) can serve as a more convenient and economical alternative to heart rate (HR) for exercise intensity control. This study aims to explore the influence of factors, such as indicators of demographic, anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular function and basic exercise ability on the relationship between HR and RPE, and to develop the model predicting RPE from HR. 48 healthy participants were recruited to perform an incrementally 6-stage pedaling test. HR and RPE were collected during each stage. The influencing factors were identified with the forward selection method to train Gaussian Process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression models. Metrics of R2, adjusted R2 and RMSE were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. The GPR model outperformed the SVM and linear regression models, and achieved an R2 of 0.95, adjusted R2 of 0.89 and RMSE of 0.52. Indicators of age, resting heart rate (RHR), Central arterial pressure (CAP), body fat rate (BFR) and body mass index (BMI) were identified as factors that best predicted the relationship between RPE and HR. It is possible to use GPR model to estimate RPE from HR accurately, after adjusting for age, RHR, CAP, BFR and BMI.

Effects of coach extraversion and educational environment on transformational leadership and athlete outcomes: A moderated mediation model.

The importance of coach leadership to athlete development and performance has been identified in the literature. We respond to the call to investigate antecedents of coach transformational leadership and their indirect effects on athlete outcomes. We propose that coach extraversion as an antecedent of coach transformational leadership can indirectly impact follower cohesion and satisfaction. Building on this mediation model, we assert that educational environment (i.e., high school and university) may serve as a first-stage moderator between coach extraversion and transformational leadership. We used 48 coaches and their 570 athletes from competitive high school and university basketball teams to test this moderated mediation model. Our results indicate that coach extraversion indirectly impacts athlete cohesion and satisfaction via transformational leadership. Moreover, the indirect effects of coach extraversion on athlete outcomes via coach transformational leadership is conditionally significant only when coaches and athletes are in universities but not in high schools. Our findings highlight the importance of educational environment in determining the association between coach personality and leadership perception. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Description of a Novel Web-Based Liposuction System to Estimate Fat Volume and Distribution.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative planning for liposuction is vital to ensure safe practice and patient satisfaction. However, current standards of fat assessment before surgery are guided by subjective methods such as visual inspection, skin-pinch tests, and waist circumference measurements. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop an inexpensive software-based tool that utilizes ultrasound (US) imaging and an online platform to accurately simulate regional subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution and safe volume estimation for liposuction procedures. METHODS: The authors present a web-based platform with integrated 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) simulations of SAT to support liposuction planning and execution. SAT-Map was constructed using multiple sub-applications linked with the python framework programming language (Wilmington, DE). RESULTS: The SAT-Map interface provides an intuitive and fluid means of generating patient-specific models and volumetric data. To further accommodate this, an operational manual was prepared to achieve consistent visualization and examination of estimated SAT content. The system currently supports static 2D heatmap simulation and 3D interactive virtual modelling of the SAT distribution. Supplementary clinical studies are needed to evaluate SAT-Map's clinical performance and practicality. CONCLUSIONS: SAT-Map revolutionizes the concept of preoperative planning for liposuction by developing the first combined web-based software that objectively simulates fat distribution and measures safe liposuction volume. Our software approach presents a cost-efficient, accessible, and user-friendly system offering multiple advantages over current SAT assessment modalities. The immediacy of clinically accurate 3D virtual simulation provides objective support to surgeons towards improving patient conversation, outcomes, and satisfaction in liposuction procedures.

Ligand-Enabled NiII -Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen.

The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a ß-diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of ß-hydroxylamides, γ-hydroxylamides, ß-aminoalcohols, γ-aminoalcohols, and 1,3-diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)-3'-methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.

Cu/SaBox-Catalyzed Photoinduced Coupling of Acylsilanes with Alkynes.

The transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with Fischer metal carbene intermediates bearing an electron-rich alkoxyl or siloxyl group remains a big challenge due to the lack of readily available corresponding carbene precursors. Herein, we report the coupling of alkynes with the Fischer-type copper carbene species bearing a α-siloxyl group, which could be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox-neutral conditions. The side-arm modified bisoxazoline (SaBox) ligands prove to be crucial for this coupling reaction, which provides the corresponding alkynyl alcohol in high yields with remarkable heterocycle tolerance and broad substrate scope.

Water-Harvesting Metal-Organic Frameworks with Gigantic Al24 Units and their Deconstruction into Molecular Clusters.

In contrast to the vast Al-oxo molecular cluster chemistry, Al-based building units for metal-organic framework (MOF) construction are limited in structural diversity and complexity. Synthesis of single crystalline MOFs based on this "hard" metal is further complicated by the poor reversibility of the Al-organic coordination linkages. Here, a strategy to employ two kinds of linkages with distinct strength-strong Al-carboxylate linkage and weak Cu-pyrazol N linkage-gives FDM-91 (FDM=Fudan Materials) with gigantic Al24 -based units. After replacing the weak moieties with organic linkers post-synthetically, two new stable MOFs with exceptional water harvesting capacity (up to 0.53 g g-1 ) and outstanding cycling performance are developed. Linkage-selective dissociation of FDM-91 further leads to the isolation of the Al24 molecular clusters. The versatile chemistry performed here to reinforce or deconstruct MOFs provides a new way to make important extended and discrete structures.

Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Allenes.

Here, we report the first example of Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of 1,1-disubstituted allenes with high level of regioselectivities and enantioselectivities. The key to achieve this stereoselective hydrosilylation reaction was the development of the SPSiOL-derived bisphosphite ligands (SPSiPO). This protocol features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group, and heterocycle tolerance, thus provides a versatile method for the construction of enantioenriched tertiary allylsilanes in a straightforward and atom-economic manner. DFT calculations were performed to reveal the reaction mechanism and the origins of the enantioselectivity.

Three-dimensional virtual refocusing of fluorescence microscopy images using deep learning.

We demonstrate that a deep neural network can be trained to virtually refocus a two-dimensional fluorescence image onto user-defined three-dimensional (3D) surfaces within the sample. Using this method, termed Deep-Z, we imaged the neuronal activity of a Caenorhabditis elegans worm in 3D using a time sequence of fluorescence images acquired at a single focal plane, digitally increasing the depth-of-field by 20-fold without any axial scanning, additional hardware or a trade-off of imaging resolution and speed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can correct for sample drift, tilt and other aberrations, all digitally performed after the acquisition of a single fluorescence image. This framework also cross-connects different imaging modalities to each other, enabling 3D refocusing of a single wide-field fluorescence image to match confocal microscopy images acquired at different sample planes. Deep-Z has the potential to improve volumetric imaging speed while reducing challenges relating to sample drift, aberration and defocusing that are associated with standard 3D fluorescence microscopy.

A Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Analyzing the Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome.

BACKGROUND: 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence analysis is the common method to identify the bacteria in human vaginal flora. While specific DNA primers were designed to target 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis can obtain more accurate qualitative and quantitative information on the microbiome. This study aimed to assess the ability of capillary electrophoresis method to analyze the diversity of vaginal microbiome and provide a theoretical basis for the accurate gene detection of vaginal flora. METHODS: We collected 75 vaginal secretion samples from female outpatients aged 25 - 50, who had undergone rou-tine gynecologic examinations in Fujian provincial hospital from March 2021 to April 2021. Clinical diagnosis was based on the results of microscopic examination of Gram-stained specimens and biochemical tests of bacteria (pH value, catalase, leukocyte esterase, sialidases, ß-glucuronidase, and acetylglucosaminidase). Vaginal secretion samples were collected and then total bacterial DNA was extracted. We used six pairs of fluorescent dye tagged specific primers that were designed based on the 16S rRNA genes of four Lactobacillus species (L. iners, L. crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri), Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae. PCR products of six species of bacteria were detected and analyzed by a 3130 Genetic Analyzer. RESULTS: Seventy-five samples were divided into two groups according to the vaginal microbiome evaluation, including 50 cases which had vaginal bacteria balance and 25 cases which had vaginal bacteria disorder. PCR amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA genes of L. iners, L. crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae was successfully performed on the DNA extracted from vaginal secretion samples. Four Lac-tobacillus species were detected in 4 - 33 cases of "Balance" group, and Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 23 cases of "Disorder" group and, simultaneously, Atopobium vaginae was detected in 20 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the technique of DNA fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis method, the most common vaginal bacteria in Chinese healthy women are L. iners and L. crispatus. Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in the patients who had vaginal bacteria disorder. Using capillary electrophoresis method to detect the vaginal bacteria will be useful for accurate identifica-tion of vaginal microbiome. There will be an application value to find out the composition of the vaginal microbiome rapidly and detect specific gene markers to identify potential pathogenic bacteria when women are at risk of serious illness before they develop obvious symptoms.

The Validation and Application of a Novel CYP2C19 Genotyping Approach Based on Capillary Electrophoresis in Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms have been described to have an important influence on the drug metabolism observed in human populations. A series of PCR-based molecule detection methods are applied to identify CYP2C19 genotype. The aim of the study is to validate the novel CYP2C19 genotyping approach with other methods and reveal the allele frequency distribution of CYP2C19 in Chinese Han population. METHODS: We applied a novel genotyping approach for CYP2C19 gene which was combining direct PCR and capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique. A series of fluorescent labeled primers were designed to amplify the particular DNA fragments which indicated the wild type of CYP2C19 genotype. The variants consist of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17 alleles. Both the novel PCR-based CE method and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method were used to identify the CYP2C19 genotypes in 324 whole blood samples originated from Chinese Han population. According to the different criterions for judgement of two methods, we can obtain the CYP2C19 alleles and genotypes of the same participants. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the consistency of the two results and the frequencies of CYP2C19 alleles. The genotypes in Chinese Han population were calculated using EXCEL. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the CYP2C19 genotypes obtained by using the novel approach, Sanger sequencing was conducted to validate the CYP2C19 genotypes *1/*17 and *2/*3. RESULTS: Among the 324 specimens, 111 were *1/*1, 141 were *1/*2, 10 were *1/*3, 4 were *1/*17, 46 were *2/*2, 10 were *2*/3, 1 was *2/*17, and 1 was *3/*17. Allele distributions for CYP2C19 were *1, *2, *3, and *17 at 58.18%, 37.65%, 3.24%, and 0.93%, respectively. Both PCR-based CE method and RT-qPCR methods had good consistency in the genotypes of CYP2C19 polymorphism (Kappa value = 1.000, p < 0.05). The DNA sequences of CYP2C19 genotype *1/*17 were composed of c.681 G/G, c.636 G/G, and c.-806 C>T. In the same way, the DNA sequences of CYP2C19 genotype *2/*3 were composed of c.681 G>A, c.636 G>A, and c.-806 C/C. CONCLUSIONS: The variants including the CYP2C19*2 allele were the most common mutations in Chinese Han unrelated individuals. Both PCR-based CE method and RT-qPCR method had good consistency in the genotypes of CYP2C19 polymorphism. Nevertheless, because of more convenience and higher throughput, the novel PCR-based capillary electrophoresis approach showed to be more suitable for clinical gene screening.