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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypertension is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hypertension in rural Chinese populations and help develop effective prevention and control strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study used database from the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer conducted in a rural population from September 2012 to December 2017. A total of 10,111 subjects aged 35-75 years residing in Huai'an District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province for at least three years were included. Unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between socio-demographic information, lifestyle habits, dietary characteristics and the risk of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 34.32 % in this rural population. Men and older individuals are more likely to have hypertension when compared with women and young individuals, respectively. Factors associated with an increased risk of hypertension included: fast eating speed, a high-salt diet (both currently and ten years ago), a high-spicy diet ten years ago, high BMI, poor educational attainment, preference for fatty meats, hot diet, green tea drinking, intake of pickled potherb mustard and corn flour, family smoking and alcohol consumption. Light smoking in males, consumption of fruits, adzuki bean, and pork liver were associated with reduced risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified some factors, including eat habits and lifestyle, associated with hypertension risk, and highlighted the need for targeted policies and interventions in rural China to address potential risk factors for hypertension.
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Hipertensión , Población Rural , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Estilo de Vida , Hábitos , Conducta Alimentaria , DemografíaRESUMEN
The normal growth and development of skeletal muscle is essential for the health of the body. The regulation of skeletal muscle by intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites has been continuously demonstrated. Acetate is the predominant short-chain fatty acids synthesized by gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between acetate and skeletal muscle during the rapid growth stage remains to be further elucidated. Herein, specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, germ-free (GF) mice, and germ-free mice supplemented with sodium acetate (GS) were used to evaluate the effects of acetate on the skeletal muscle growth and development of young mice with gut microbiota deficiency. We found that the concentration of serum acetate, body mass gain, succinate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of the myogenesis maker gene of skeletal muscle in the GS group were higher than those in the GF group, following sodium acetate supplementation. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that acetate activated the biological processes that regulate skeletal muscle growth and development in the GF group, which are otherwise inhibited due to a gut microbiota deficiency. The in vitro experiment showed that acetate up-regulated Gm16062 to promote skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Overall, our findings proved that acetate promotes skeletal muscle growth and development in young mice via increasing Gm16062 expression.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Desarrollo de Músculos , Músculo Esquelético , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo de Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Acetatos/farmacología , Acetatos/metabolismo , Masculino , Acetato de Sodio/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Medical nutrition treatment can manage diabetes and slow or prevent its complications. The comparative effects of micronutrient supplements, however, have not yet been well established. We aimed at evaluating the comparative effects of vitamin and mineral supplements on managing glycemic control and lipid metabolism for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to inform clinical practice. Electronic and hand searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed until June 1, 2022. We selected RCTs enrolling patients with T2DM who were treated with vitamin supplements, mineral supplements, or placebo/no treatment. Data were pooled via frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses. A total of 170 eligible trials and 14223 participants were included. Low to very low certainty evidence established chromium supplements as the most effective in reducing fasting blood glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (SUCRAs: 90.4% and 78.3%, respectively). Vitamin K supplements ranked best in reducing glycated hemoglobin A1c and fasting insulin levels (SUCRAs: 97.0% and 82.3%, respectively), with moderate to very low certainty evidence. Vanadium supplements ranked best in lowering total cholesterol levels with very low evidence certainty (SUCRAs:100%). Niacin supplements ranked best in triglyceride reductions and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with low to very low evidence certainty (SUCRAs:93.7% and 94.6%, respectively). Vitamin E supplements ranked best in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with very low evidence certainty (SUCRAs:80.0%). Our analyses indicated that micronutrient supplements, especially chromium, vitamin E, vitamin K, vanadium, and niacin supplements, may be more efficacious in managing T2DM than other micronutrients. Considering the clinical importance of these findings, new research is needed to get better insight into this issue.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Niacina , Humanos , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Metaanálisis en Red , Vanadio , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Suplementos Dietéticos , Minerales/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E , Micronutrientes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina K , Cromo , Atención Primaria de Salud , ColesterolRESUMEN
The evidence regarding the beneficial effects of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation have been revealed by several meta-analyses, however some of these studies have fielded inconsistent results and a conclusion has yet to be reached. Therefore, the aim of present umbrella meta-analyses was to assess relevant evidence and elucidate the efficacy of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation in glycemic control. A comprehensive search in four databases (Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of science and Scopus) was performed to collect relevant studies up to August 2022, the pooled effects were measured with the use of random/fix-effect model depends on the heterogeneity. A total of 47 eligible meta-analyses involving 47,720 participants were identified to evaluate the pooled effects. The overall results showed that probiotics/synbiotic supplementation delivered significant decreases in fast plasma glucose (ES = -0.408, 95% CI: -0.518, -0.298; P < 0.001; I2 = 82.996, P < 0.001), fast plasma insulin (ES = -1.165, 95% CI: -1.454, -0.876; P < 0.001; I2 = 89.629, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (ES = -0.539, 95% CI: -0.624, -0.454; P < 0.001; I2 = 56.716, P < 0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin (ES = -0.186, 95% CI: -0.270, -0.102; P < 0.001; I2 = 59.647, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with impaired glucose homeostasis might benefit the most from probiotics/synbiotic supplementation. In conclusion, current umbrella meta-analysis strongly supporting the beneficial health effects of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation in glycemic control.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a known bacterium that produces biofilms and causes severe infection. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate, leading to the development of chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Our previous study showed that a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) inhibits the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms and markedly reduces the biomass of preformed biofilms, while the mechanism of eradicating bacterial biofilms remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, the potential mechanism by which CRAMP eradicates P. aeruginosa biofilms was investigated through an integrative analysis of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The omics data revealed CRAMP functioned against P. aeruginosa biofilms by different pathways, including the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) system, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signalling pathway, and synthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides and rhamnolipid. Moreover, a total of 2914 differential transcripts, 785 differential proteins, and 280 differential metabolites were identified. A series of phenotypic validation tests demonstrated that CRAMP reduced the c-di-GMP level with a decrease in exopolysaccharides, especially alginate, in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cells, improved bacterial flagellar motility, and increased the rhamnolipid content, contributing to the dispersion of biofilms. Our study provides new insight into the development of CRAMP as a potentially effective antibiofilm dispersant.
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Péptidos Antimicrobianos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Alginatos/metabolismo , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Biopelículas , GMP Cíclico , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Guanosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteómica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , CatelicidinasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: the effects regarding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on sarcopenia have been explored by several clinical trials. Nonetheless, the use of n-3 PUFA for improving body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older people is conflicting. OBJECTIVES: our aim was to perform a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese people. METHODS: in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 200 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive 4 g/day fish oil capsules (1.34 g eicosapentaenoic [EPA] + 1.07 docosahexaenoic [DHA]) or 4 g/day corn oil capsules (EPA + DHA <0.05 g) for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the changes of body composition, muscle strength (hand grip strength) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go time). Secondary outcomes were the changes in serum lipid profiles. RESULTS: compared with control group, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in significant increases in thigh circumference (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001), total skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); the differences were still significant even after height correction. Muscle strength and physical performance including hand grip strength (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and Timed Up and Go time (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) were also improved after a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA intervention. In terms of serum lipid profiles, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could significantly reduce serum level of triglyceride (interaction time × group effect P = 0.012) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); while no significant improvement was found in serum concentrations of total cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.413) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS: our present trial demonstrated that a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could beneficially affect the body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and serum lipid profiles in older people, which could be into considerations when making strategies aiming to the primary prevention of sarcopenia.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/prevención & control , Fuerza de la Mano , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Fuerza Muscular , Composición Corporal , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Método Doble Ciego , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Paratuberculosis is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. RESULTS: MAP was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at approximately 6 months and ≥ 1 year of age, respectively. The tissue lesion and pathological section results were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP is not only prevalent, but also a potential threat to this region. Further investigations, including long-term epidemiological surveillance and isolation are needed for the awareness and effective treatment of paratuberculosis in sheep of Inner Mongolia.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculosis , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , China/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Granjas , Heces/microbiología , Paratuberculosis/diagnóstico , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Although pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is considered a rare disease, the incidence thereof has increased steadily in recent years, while a safe and effective cure remains beyond reach. In this study, the potential of tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) and carotene to alleviate PF was explored. PF was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via a single intratracheal bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg) instillation. These rats were subsequently treated with TRF, carotene, pirfenidone (Pir) and nintedanib (Nin) for 28 days via gavage administration, whereafter histopathological performance, biochemical functions and molecular alterations were studied in the lung tissues. Our results showed that TRF, carotene, Nin and Pir all ameliorated PF by reducing inflammation and resisting oxidative stress to varying degrees. The related mechanisms involved the TGF-ß1/Smad, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Ultimately, our findings revealed that, when combined with TRF, the therapeutic effects of Nin and Pir on PF were enhanced, indicating that TRF may, indeed, provide promising potential for use in combination therapy in the treatment of PF.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar , Tocotrienoles , Ratas , Animales , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Tocotrienoles/farmacología , Tocotrienoles/uso terapéutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Carotenoides/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effects of dietary fat on health are influenced by its fatty acid profile. We aimed to determine the effects of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich blended oils (BO) containing a balance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and with a low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on the health of rats fed normal or high-fat diets. The BO was obtained by mixing red palm oil, rice bran oil (RO), tea seed oil and flaxseed oil in appropriate proportions. RESULTS: BO consumption reduced the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), insulin (INS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); it increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, and the bone mineral density (BMD) versus control oil-containing normal and high-fat diets. BO also reduced the triglyceride (TG), hs-CRP, MDA, ox-LDL and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations; and increased the serum HDL-C and SOD, and BMD versus RO-containing high-fat diets. Finally, BO reduced the glucose (GLU) and INS, and HOMA-IR; it increased HDL-C, SOD, femoral weight and BMD versus RO-containing normal diets. CONCLUSION: BOs with an appropriate fatty acid profile have beneficial effects on the glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and bone quality of rats when included in both normal and high-fat diets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Ácidos Grasos , Ratas , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Grasas de la Dieta , HDL-Colesterol , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
ß-Glucan has been reported for its health benefits on blood lipids in hypercholesterolaemic individuals for years. However, people have paid little attention to the effects of ß-glucan in populations with mild hypercholesterolaemia as well as the various delivering matrices. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis to analyse the effects of ß-glucan with different delivering matrices in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals. After conducting a comprehensive search in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library, a total of twenty-one randomised controlled trials involving 1120 participants were identified to measure the pooled effect. The overall results indicated that consuming a dose of ≥3 g/d of ß-glucan for at least 3 weeks could significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) (-0·27 mmol/l, 95 % CI -0·33, -0·21, P < 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (-0·26 mmol/l, 95% CI -0·32, -0·20, P < 0·001) compared with the control group in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals, while no significant difference was observed in TAG (-0·03 mmol/l, 95% CI -0·11, 0·06, P = 0·521) and HDL-cholesterol (0·01 mmol/l, 95% CI -0·03, 0·04, P = 0·777). There was evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. In conclusion, ß-glucan can significantly reduce risk factors like TC and LDL-cholesterol for CVD in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals; furthermore, it appears that the effects of food matrices with both 'solid products' and 'liquid products' where ß-glucan was incorporated into were ranked as the best way to exert its beneficial properties, while 'liquid' and 'solid' products were ranked as the second and third positions, respectively.
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HDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/prevención & control , beta-Glucanos/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Alimentos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is gradually becoming one of the most common and health-endangering diseases; therefore, it is very important to prevent the occurrence of NASH and prevent simple non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) from further developing into NASH. We fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 14 weeks to induce NAFL and then fed different doses of flaxseed powder (low (10%), middle (20%), and high (30%)) to the mice for 28 weeks. After the animal experiment, we analyzed fecal bile acid (BA) profiles of the HFD mice, flaxseed-fed (FLA-fed) mice, and control mice with a normal diet (10% fat) using a targeted metabolomics approach, and we analyzed the gut microbiota at the same time. We also investigated the mechanistic role of BAs in NASH and identified whether the altered BAs strongly bind to colonic FXR or TGR5. In the present study, we found that 28-week FLA treatment notably alleviated NASH development in NAFL model mice fed with an HFD, and the beneficial effects may be attributed to the regulation of and improvement in the gut flora- and microbiota-related BAs, which then activate the intestinal FXR-FGF15 and TGR5-NF-κB pathways. Our data indicate that FLA might be a promising functional food for preventing NASH through regulating microbiomes and BAs.
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Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Lino/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/prevención & control , Polvos/farmacología , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patologíaRESUMEN
The antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is correlated with the formation of biofilms. Several studies have focused on biofilms and the treatment of biofilm infection by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The present study analyzed the feasibility of cCATH-2 (a chicken-derived antimicrobial peptide) as a new strategy for anti-biofilm activities. Biofilm biomass (crystal violet staining) and viability of biofilm bacteria (colony counting) were measured in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm at the stage of attachment (4 h), formation (14 h), and maturation (24 h). cCATH-2 (1/2MIC) had the ability to reduce the initial attachment of viable bacteria due to decreasing planktonic bacteria. All tested concentrations of cCATH-2 (1/32-1/2MIC) significantly reduced the biomass at the biofilm formation stage. In addition, cCATH-2 (2MIC) had significant effects on the biomass and viability of bacteria of pre-biofilms, which caused significant killing (>90%) of the bacteria in the biofilm. Thus, it was confirmed that cCATH-2 could infiltrate into pre-biofilm to kill the biofilm cells, as assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Furthermore, cCATH-2 had an obvious effect on the production of the majority of the virulence factors of PAO1 biofilms, and the effect was better than that of ciprofloxacin, especially on alginate (the structural component of biofilms). These findings suggested that cCATH-2 is a putative candidate for the development of anti-biofilm and anti-infective drugs.
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Pollos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Péptidos , Factores de VirulenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of mannose, the major component of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, and its potential target metabolite, inositol, on mouse islet ß-TC6 cells. METHODS: Different concentrations(0, 4. 6875, 9. 375, 18. 75, 37. 5, 75 and 150 µg/mL) of mannose or inositol were used to intervene ß-TC6 cells for 24 hours, and the proliferation activity of cells was determined by CCK-8 method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect insulin secretion after the intervention of the ß-TC6 cells from different concentration of the mannose or inositol(0, 18. 75, 75 and 150 µg/mL) combining with glucose stimulation(20 mmol/L) for 60 minutes. Pioglitazone(3. 92 mg/L) was set up as positive group, and after intervention of the mannose or inositol(0, 9. 375, 18. 75, 75 and 150 µg/mL) for 24 h, the expression levels of insulin, glucose kinase(GK), glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) and glycogen synthase(GS) mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, mannose and inositol promoted the proliferation of ß-TC6 cells in a concentration-dependent manner(18. 75-150 µg/mL)(P<0. 05). Although the inositol solution of 4. 6875 µg/mL and 9. 375 µg/mL had a tendency to promote cell proliferation, there was no statistical difference(P>0. 05). After stimulation with 20 mmol/L glucose combining with different intervention concentrations(18. 75, 75 and 150 µg/mL) of mannose or inositol, no significant difference was observed in the insulin secretion of each group(P>0. 05) comparing with the control group. RT-qPCR result showed that 150 µg/mL mannose increased the expression level of GLUT4(P<0. 01) and the expression levels of GK and GLUT4 genes in the 75 µg/mL inositol group were significantly increased(P<0. 01). The expression level of GLUT4 was improved only when the concentration was decreased to 18. 75 µg/mL in inositol group(P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: Mannose and inositol can improve the expression of GLUT4 mRNA, which may help to increase glucose uptake by peripheral cells. In addition, inositol can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by increasing the expression level of GK mRNA.
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Lycium , Manosa , Animales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Glucosa , Inositol , Insulina , Ratones , PolisacáridosRESUMEN
A series of highly active C-aryl glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors containing a biphenyl motif were designed and synthesized for biological evaluation. Among the compounds tested, compound 16l demonstrated high inhibitory activity against SGLT2 (IC50=1.9 nM) with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile. Further study indicated that the in vivo efficacy of compound 16l was comparable to that of dapagliflozin, suggesting that further development would be worthwhile.
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Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Glucósidos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo/síntesis química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacocinética , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Glucósidos/síntesis química , Glucósidos/farmacocinética , Semivida , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacocinética , Unión Proteica , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional support is potentially considered an essential step to prevent muscle loss and enhance physical function in older adults. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the role of potential nutritional strategies, i.e., fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), wheat oligopeptide and their combined intervention, in preventing and reversing sarcopenia in aging process. METHODS: One hundred 25-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, and 10 newly purchased 6-month-old rats were included in young control group (n = 10). Fish oil (200, 400 or 800 mg/kg body weight), wheat oligopeptide (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight), fish oil + wheat oligopeptide (800 + 100, 400 + 200 or 200 + 400 mg/kg body weight) or the equal volume of solvent were administered daily by gavage for 10 weeks. The effects of these interventions on natural aging rats were evaluated. RESULTS: All intervention groups had a significant increase in muscle mass and grip strength and reduction in perirenal fat weight when compared to the aged control group (P < 0.05). The results of biochemical parameters, magnetic resonance imaging, proteomics and western blot suggested that the combination of wheat oligopeptide and fish oil-derived ω-3 PUFA, especially group WFM 2 (400 + 200 mg/kg body weight fish oil + wheat oligopeptide), was found to be more effective against aging-associated muscle loss than single intervention. Additionally, the interventions ameliorated fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, and congestion in the intercellular matrix, and inflammatory cell infiltration in muscle tissue. The interventions also improved oxidative stress, anabolism, hormone levels, and inflammatory levels of skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of fish oil-derived ω-3 PUFA and wheat oligopeptide was found to be a promising nutritional support to prevent and reverse sarcopenia. The potential mechanism involved the promotion of protein synthesis and muscle regeneration, as well as the enhancement of muscle strength.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Sarcopenia , Ratas , Animales , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Sarcopenia/prevención & control , Triticum , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Envejecimiento , Peso CorporalRESUMEN
The vibration isolator is a key part of many ultra-precision machines and measuring apparatus. Magnetic suspension vibration isolators (MSVIs) will have excellent application prospects in these instruments to restrain external oscillations. So this paper firstly proposes a new basic configuration of MSVI. Then, in order to study the mechanical characteristics of the MSVI, an analytical expression of the magnetic force is established. The effectiveness of which is demonstrated by the experiment and finite element analysis (FEA). The stiffness of the MSVI is obtained by the derivative of the established analytical magnetic force. Both the axial magnetic force and stiffness appear strong nonlinearity when the inner ring moves at both ends of the fixed outer ring. While the inner ring travels in the middle of the fixed outer one, the axial magnetic force and stiffness indicate approximate linearity with enough bearing capacity. Furthermore, parametric analysis, based on the created magnetic force and stiffness, is performed. The analytical results show that the axial magnetic stiffness may achieve a zero or even negative stiffness value in this range at some size dimensions. The MSVI appears to have a negative stiffness characteristic. More importantly, if a linear and nonlinear positive stiffness spring is combined with the MSVI, it can increase the load capacity of the MSVI. As an example study, the vibration isolation performance of the MSVI is analyzed. The vibration isolation calculation and experiment with the zero stiffness MSVI will be the further focus of the paper.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gradually becoming one of the most common and health-endangering diseases. Flaxseed powder (FLA) is rich in α-linolenic acid, dietary fiber, lignans, and other active ingredients, which have lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated whether the FLA improves host metabolism by gut bacteria modulation and further bile acid modulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. At the end of the experiment, we found that FLA can significantly reduce the body weight, body fat content, and serum TG, LDL-C, and TNF-α levels of mice, and improve liver steatosis. FLA intervention has a significant effect on preventing and regulating the gut flora disturbance caused by HFD. FLA intervention affects bile acid metabolism in the intestine and causes significant changes in functional bile acids, which can play a lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory role by activating the intestinal Fxr- Fgfr4-Cyp7a1 and Tgr5-Tlr4-Tnfα pathways.
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Lino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Ratones , Animales , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Polvos/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Lípidos/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Hígado/metabolismoRESUMEN
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent worldwide and are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including systematic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a plant-based essential polyunsaturated fatty acid associated with reduced CVD risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with ALA compared with the placebo on CVD risk factors in people with obesity or overweight (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Registration No. CRD42023429563). This review included studies with adults using oral supplementation or food or combined interventions containing vegetable sources of ALA. All studies were randomly assigned trials with parallel or crossover designs. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used for assessing the risk of bias (Version 1). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched from inception to April 2023. Nineteen eligible randomized controlled trials, including 1183 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, dietary ALA supplementation significantly reduced C-reactive protein concentration (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.38 mg/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.72, -0.04), tumor necrosis factor-α concentration (SMD = -0.45 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.17), triglyceride in serum (SMD = -4.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.99, -2.82), and systolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.37 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.66, -0.08); but led to a significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (SMD = 1.32 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.05, 2.59). ALA supplementation had no significant effect on interleukin-6, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P ≥ 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that ALA supplementation at a dose of ≥3 g/d from flaxseed and flaxseed oil had a more prominent effect on improving CVD risk profiles, particularly where the intervention duration was ≥12 wk and where the baseline CVD profile was poor.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Adulto , Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/farmacología , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/uso terapéutico , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , HDL-Colesterol , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
Skipping breakfast is one of the most prevalent irregular eating habits. Several pieces of evidence have reported the association between breakfast omission and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous publications have focused on the impact of skipping breakfast on various cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess this impact, especially with regard to anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glycemic control indicators. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 1 April 2023. A total of 11 eligible trials were identified to evaluate the combined effects of skipping breakfast. Final integrated results demonstrated that breakfast omission significantly decreased the body weight (mean difference = -0.66, 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.24, p = 0.002, I2 = 0.0) and increased the level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference = 9.89, 95% CI: 5.14 to 14.63, p = 0.000, I2 = 17.3). Subgroup analysis also revealed potential factors that may affect the outcomes, for example, the physiological condition of participants, duration, gender, and type of breakfast. In conclusion, skipping breakfast may reduce body weight while increasing the level of serum LDL-C at the same time. In view of the limited trials, further studies are needed to expound the role of breakfast omission in cardiovascular diseases.
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Desayuno , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , LDL-Colesterol , Estudios Prospectivos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Peso CorporalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 depletion has been suggested to be associated with esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL). However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the role of vitamin B12 and its regulated epigenetic modification in EPL and provide preliminary information on the identification of potential molecular biomarkers for the early prediction of EPL. METHODS: We collected information and samples from the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer database from 200 EPL cases and 200 matched controls. Vitamin B12, one-carbon metabolism biomarkers, genetic polymorphism of TCN2 C776G, and DNA methylation were compared. Preliminarily identified candidate promoters of differentially methylated CpG positions were further verified by targeted bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS: EPL cases had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12 and transcobalamin II, and higher serum levels of homocysteine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate than controls. The TCN2 C776G polymorphism was found to be associated with susceptibility to EPL and may interact with vitamin B12 nutritional status to influence the risk of EPL in male subjects. In addition, global hypomethylation related to vitamin B12 depletion was observed in EPL cases, along with region-specific hypermethylation of UGT2B15 and FGFR2 promoters. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that vitamin B12 depletion may be associated with aberrant DNA methylation and increased risk of EPL through the one-carbon metabolism pathway, presents that the TCN2 C776G polymorphism may interact with vitamin B12 nutritional status to affect EPL risk in males, and also identifies specific locations in the UGT2B15 and FGFR2 promoters with potential as promising molecular biomarkers.