Comparison of oxidative stress markers in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum samples of pregnant women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare oxidative stress (OS) markers in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and serum samples of pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and healthy pregnant women and to investigate the association between periodontal health/diseases and OS and GDM. METHOD: Eighty women with GDM and 80 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Medical and clinical anamnesis was obtained from all the pregnant women included in the study, and their plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were performed. GCF, saliva, and serum samples were collected for the measurements of the local and systemic total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS). RESULTS: Clinical periodontal parameters were found to be significantly higher in the GDM group compared to the control group. The serum and saliva TAS, TOS, and TAS/TOS values were significantly lower in the GDM group than in the control group. In the analysis of the GCF samples, the mean TAS and TAS/TOS values were significantly lower and the TOS value was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group. The multivariate reduced model indicated that gravidity, salivary TAS/TOS, and GCF TAS were significant independent variables in the development of GDM (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the OS of serum, saliva, and GCF samples increased in patients with GDM compared to healthy pregnant women. The role of local OS parameters in GDM may be associated with elevated clinical periodontal parameters.

Neuroactivity of naturally occurring proaporphine alkaloid, pronuciferine.

Pronuciferine is a naturally occurring proaporphine alkaloid that belongs to isoquinoline alkaloids. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroactivity of pronuciferine. We assessed the neuroprotective effect of pronuciferine against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced apoptosis in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we measured the effect of pronuciferine on cell metabolites and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in SH-SY5Y cells. In vitro result shows that pronuciferine at 10 µM significantly (P < .001) increased the proliferation of SH-SY5Y by 45%, and upon H2 O2 addition, pronuciferine significantly (P < .001) suppressed neuronal death caused by H2 O2 . Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics study revealed that pronuciferine has a high impact on glycine-serine-threonine pathway by changing the intracellular level of serine dimethylglycine, sarcosine, and threonine. Also, pronuciferine increased the intercellular level of aspartic acid, glutamine, and tryptophan. Additionally, pronuciferine significantly (P < .05) increased the intracellular BDNF protein expression at 10 µM. Therefore, pronuciferine is a neuroactive molecule that might act as a neuroprotective agent to prevent apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.

The roles of valerenic acid on BDNF expression in the SH-SY5Y cell.

The roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) are used for treating sleep disorders and/or mild nerve tension. The effect of valerenic acid on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has not yet been studied, although it is known that gamma-amino butyric acid A (GABAA) receptor is regulated by BDNF, which modulates the depressive-like behavior and neurogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of V. officinalis root extract (VO), its main constituents valerenic acid (VA) and acetoxy valerenic acid (AVA) as well as valerenic acid-free (VAF), acetoxy valerenic acid-free (AVAF) extracts and increasing amounts of valerenic acid containing extracts on the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cell lines. The effect of methanolic extracts of VO, VA, AVA, VAF, AVAF, and the extracts whose amount of VA were increased gradually, were tested using a Human BDNF ELISA kit with 17ß-estradiol as a positive control. The VO and VA extracts caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the BDNF expression in SH-SY5Y cells compared to control. This effect completely disappeared when cells were treated with VAF extract. AVA alone did not show any significant change in the BDNF levels. The extracts with increasing amount of VA led to a concentration- dependent effect on the cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of the VO extract is also related to BDNF expression, and that this is mainly due to the presence of VA in the extract. Removing VA from VO extract leads to a loss of activity. Moreover, the concentration of VA plays a role for BDNF expressions in SH-SY5Y cells, which demonstrates the importance of quality control on the commercially available products.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Stiffness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has any effect on pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) derived from echocardiographic calculation. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and forty-two subjects without OSAS matched by age and sex were enrolled in the study. OSAS was categorized according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI, event/h) as follows: normal (AHI<5), mild OSAS (AHI 5-15), moderate and severe OSAS (AHI>15). All participants were evaluated by echocardiography to determine PAS and right ventricle functions. PAS was calculated throughout pulmonary artery flow by the formula; PAS (kHz/sec) = maximal frequency shift/acceleration time. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical parameters were similar in both groups. PAS significantly increased in OSAS compared with the control group (26.9 ± 6.1 vs. 18.0 ± 3.5, P < 0.001). Additionally, PAS in severe and moderate OSAS was considerably high compared with that in mild OSAS and control group (P < 0.001). Right ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) and mean pulmonary artery pressures (mPAP) were considerably higher in OSAS group than control group (P < 0.001). Tricuspid E/A, right ventricle tissue Doppler E'/A', and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) decreased in OSAS group compared with control group (P < 0.001). There was a significantly positive correlation between PAS and AHI, mPAP, and MPI (P < 0.001), and a significantly negative correlation between PAS and tricuspid E/A, E'/A', and RVET (P < 0.001). Linear regression analyses showed that PAS was an independent factor for mPAP (ß = 0.595, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Elastic properties of pulmonary artery deteriorate with severity of OSAS and may be responsible for right ventricular dysfunctions in OSAS.

Is the severity of periodontitis related to gingival crevicular fluid and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations?

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth supporting tissues leading to tooth loss. Periodontal diseases are associated with an increase in CRP (C-reactive protein) levels. Release of the cytokines such as prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1ß) from the periodontal lesion, stimulate hepatocytes and circulating leukocytes to produce CRP. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate serum levels of hs-CRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of hs-CRP, PGE2, and IL-1ß in patients with varying degrees of periodontal disease. METHODS: A total of 60 (30 mild and 30 severe) chronic periodontitis patients were included in this study. GCF and serum samples were collected and whole-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. GCF levels of hs-CRP, PGE2, IL-1ß, and serum levels of hs-CRP were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Correlation analyses were performed between the sampled site PD, CAL, and the biomarkers. RESULTS: The groups were similar with regard to age, gender, and number of teeth. All periodontal clinical parameters were increased in the severe periodontitis group. GCF IL-1ß and PGE2 levels were significantly higher in the severe periodontitis group than in the mild periodontitis group (p = 0.04). Serum and GCF levels of hs-CRP were not significantly different between severe and mild cases. There was no significant correlation between serum and GCF levels of CRP. GCF IL-1ß levels were positively correlated with the PD of the sampled site (r = 0.52, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: IL-1ß in GCF could be a marker of disease severity and activity. Neither serum nor GCF levels of hs-CRP differed with disease severity. Serum hs-CRP levels did not reflect GCF levels in periodontitis patients. Local and systemic involvement of CRP in periodontal disease remains to be determined.

The association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study.

INTRODUCTION: Although there are studies evaluating the effects of periodontal health on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effects of COPD - a systemic disease, on periodontal tissue is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of COPD on periodontal tissues by comparing COPD patients and controls. METHODS: Fifty-two COPD patients and 38 non-COPD controls were included in this case-control study. Number of teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and probing depth were included in the periodontal examination. In addition to clinical evaluations, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-lb) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and serum hs-CRP levels were measured in COPD patients and the controls. RESULTS: The number of teeth was significantly lower while PI and GI were significantly higher in COPD patients when compared to the controls. As well as serum hs-CRP levels, the GCF levels of hs-CRP, IL-1b and PGE2 were significantly higher in COPD patients than the controls. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that COPD may be associated with periodontal disease as manifested by lower number of teeth and higher levels of inflammatory mediators especially CRP in GCF. This finding may be a reflection of systemic effects of COPD on periodontal tissues. Poor oral health behavior of COPD patients have to be considered in larger size group studies in the future.

Forty-five degree wrist angulation is optimal for ultrasound guided long axis radial artery cannulation in patients over 60 years old: a randomized study.

Arterial cannulation is a common anaesthetic procedure that might be challenging and time-consuming in elderly patients. To establish an appropriate wrist joint position for arterial cannulation is crucial for ultrasound (US)-guided cannulation success. This study aimed to find out the optimal wrist joint angle for long axis in-plane (LA-IP) US-guided approach in radial artery cannulation in elderly patients. One hundred patients over 60 years old, who were assumed to require an arterial catheter for continuous blood pressure monitoring or frequent blood gas analysis in the intensive care unit or in the operating room were included in this prospective randomized study. Patients were randomized to five groups according to the wrist positions (0°, 15°, 30° 45° and 60° groups) for LA-IP approach for radial artery cannulation. Cannulation time (s), number of attempts, total success rate (%), first attempt success rate were recorded in all patients. Mean radial artery height was increased in 45° group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Distance between skin and radial artery in 45° and 60° groups were statistically significantly decreased compared to 0° group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Mean cannulation time of 45° group was statistically decreased compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Number of attempts and total success rate were similar among groups, whereas first attempt success rate was significantly increased in 45° group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Mean arterial height of the first attempt successful group was statistically increased compared to the first attempt failed group (p < 0.001) and mean cannulation time and mean number of attempts were also negatively correlated with arterial height (p < 0.001; for all comparisons). The 45° wrist angle increment might be advantageous in US-guided LA-IP radial artery cannulation in elderly patients in view of cannulation time and first attempt success rate.

Do we really need to panic in all acute vision loss in ICU? Acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Acute angle closure glaucoma is a sight-threatening situation characterized by a sudden and marked rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to obstruction of aqueous humour outflow. Many local (ocular drops, nasal and nebulized agents) and systemic drugs (e.g. atropine, adrenaline, ephedrine, some psychoactive and antiepileptic drugs) that are widely used in intensive care units have the potential to precipitate such an acute attack. In this case report, we describe progressive visual loss due to acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) in a 59 year old female patient followed in the ICU due to a massive pulmonary embolism.

A chronic eosinophilic pneumonia case with long exposure to isocyanates.

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a disease with unknown etiology, characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and abnormal eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. A 43-year-old male with 30 years history of exposure to isocyanates was admitted with the complaint of sputum, cough, progressive dyspnoea, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed bilaterally decreased breath sounds and extensive rales. On laboratory analysis; leukocytosis (12.3 10(3)/proportional variant L), hypereosinophilia (30%), elevated CRP and RF (1000 IU/ml), and IgE levels (1160 IU/ml) in the serum were observed. Chest radiograph and computed tomography on admission showed reticulonodular pattern at both lung fields. Pulmonary function tests assumed a restrictive pattern and a low diffusing capacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a marked eosinophilia (50%). Transbronchial lung biopsy indicated eosinophilic pneumonia. In this case we aimed to describe a rare case of CEP probably caused by exposure to isocyanate.

Isolation of an oleanane-type saponin active from Bellis perennis through antitumor bioassay-guided procedures.

CONTEXT: Bellis perennis L. (Asteraceae) (common daisy) is a herbaceous perennial plant known as a traditional wound herb; it has been used for the treatment of bruises, broken bones, and wounds. Bellis perennis has also been used in the treatment of headache, common cold, stomachache, eye diseases, eczema, skin boils, gastritis, diarrhea, bleeding, rheumatism, inflammation, and infections of the upper respiratory tract in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE: Antitumor activities of different fractions of B. perennis flowers at different concentrations were evaluated and through bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedures a saponin derivative (1) was isolated from the active fraction obtained from the n-butanol extract of flowers of the title plant by column chromatography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antitumor activities of different fractions of B. perennis flowers at different concentrations were evaluated using Potato Disc Tumor Induction Bioassay. Structure elucidation of 1 was accomplished by spectroscopic methods [1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI(APCI)-TOF-MS(MSn)]. RESULTS: The present study showed the antitumor activity of fractions obtained from B. perennis flowers for the first time. The most active fraction showed 99% tumor inhibition at 3000 mg/L. An oleanane-type saponin was isolated through bioassay-guided studies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Through antitumoral bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedures, 1 was isolated from the active fraction of B. perennis. The detailed NMR data of compound 1 is given for the first time.

Evaluation of periimplant crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels from health to periimplant disease status: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) in periimplant crevicular fluid (PICF) after osseointegration and loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PICF was collected at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 18th months after implantation of 72 implants. PGE2 and MMP-8 levels besides clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Plaque and gingival index at the 6th, 12th, and 18th months presented higher values. Probing depth showed an increase after the 12th month. PGE2 presented a higher value at the 18th month. MMP-8 level demonstrated higher values after the sixth month. PGE2 and MMP-8 demonstrated positive correlations with gingival index and probing depth. CONCLUSION: The detection of PGE2 and MMP-8 in PICF serve to be useful for monitoring the course of periimplant disease. MMP-8 promises to be an early signal of periimplant inflammation.

The evaluation of topical administration of Bellis perennis fraction on circular excision wound healing in Wistar albino rats.

CONTEXT: Bellis perennis L. (Asteraceae) has been used traditionally in the treatment of bruises, broken bones, and wounds by European people. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the wound healing activity of B. perennis flowers in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried B. perennis flowers were extracted with ethanol, then fractioned with n-butanol and an oinment was prepared. Twelve male adult Wistar rats were used. Six wounds were created for each animal by using circular excision wound model. The first two wounds were treated topically with HOTBp (hydrophilic ointment treatment containing n-butanol fraction). The second two wounds were control group and not treated with anything. The third two wounds were treated only with HOT (hydrophilic ointment treatment without n-butanol fraction). Treatments were applied once a day and lasted for 30 days. Wound samples were excised on days 5(th), 10(th) and 30(th). The percentage of wound healing was calculated by Walker's formula after measurement of the wound area and the tissue samples were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: The percentages of wound closure (HOTBp: 100%; HOT: 85% and control: 87%) and histopathological observations showed that there were statistically significant differences between HOTBp, HOT and control groups (p < 0.05) at 30(th) day. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Topically administered ointment prepared from the n-butanol fraction of B. perennis flowers has a wound healing potential without scar formation in circular excision wound model in rats. Thus, traditional usage of wound healing activity of B. perennis was scientifically verified for the first time.

Influence of intraperitoneal volume on QT dispersion in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: acute cardiac impact of peritoneal dialysis.

AIM: The leading cause of mortality in dialysis patients is cardiovascular complications, including ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. QT dispersion (QTd), a simple noninvasive arrhythmogenic marker, is used to assess homogeneity of cardiac repolarization. It was also significantly prolonged in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The acute cardiac effect of increased abdominal pressure due to infused dialysate during CAPD is not clear yet. In this study we aimed to evaluate corrected QTd (cQTd) and cardiac injury markers such as plasma pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and troponin I (TnI) in CAPD patients before and after an infusion of peritoneal dialysate fluid. METHODS: Thirty subjects (16 women, 14 men; mean age, 40.21 ± 12.34 years) enrolled in our study. QTd, cQTd, maximum QT (QTmax), maximum corrected QT (cQTmax), minimum QT (QTmin), and minimum corrected QT (cQTmin) intervals were measured from standard 12-lead electrocardiography. RESULTS: We found that cQTmax, cQTmin, and cQTd were not changed from baseline measurement after infusion of dialysate in CAPD patients (460 ± 49 vs. 460 ± 38, p = 0.9; 410 ± 36 vs. 410 ± 41, p = 0.8; 470 ± 30 vs. 460 ± 25, p = 0.7, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between before and after peritoneal dialysate according to the levels of proBNP and TnI (155.64 ± 76.41 vs. 208.30 ± 118.46, p = 0.2; 0.008 ± 0.007 vs. 0.01 ± 0.011; p = 0.4, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we did not find any significant effect of peritoneal dialysate fluid infusion volume on QTd and cardiac injury markers in patients with chronic renal failure receiving CAPD therapy, which is thought to be a safer modality of dialysis.

Impact of Smoking on Neutrophil Enzyme Levels in Gingivitis: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: The determination of the impact of risk factors such as smoking in periodontal disease development is of importance to better characterize the disease. However, its impact on host response remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tobacco smoking on GCF levels of neutrophil enzymes (myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-glucuronidase (BGD), neutrophil elastase (NE) and periodontal parameters in healthy young adults with dental plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis. METHODS: The study population consisted of 60 systemically healthy young adults (39 smokers (Sm) and 21 non-smokers (n-Sm)) diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. The periodontal examination consisted of a plaque index (PI); gingival index (GI); probing depth (PD); bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). GCF MPO, BGD, and NE levels were determined by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: PI, GI, and BoP were significantly increased in the Sm group (p < 0.05). PD and CAL showed no significant difference between Sm and n-Sm groups (p > 0.05). In GCF, MPO, BGD, and NE levels were significantly increased in Sm group (p < 0.05). NE levels showed a significant correlation with GI and BoP (p < 0.05 for both). Moreover, a positive correlation between BGD and NE levels (p < 0.05) was measured. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that, even in young patients, tobacco consumption affects the host's immune response related to gingival inflammation. It is, therefore, mandatory to inform young patients about the risk related to tobacco consumption for their gingival health.

Periodontitis Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors: A Comparison of the AAP/CDC Case Definition and the EFP/AAP Classification.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study evaluated the utility of the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) classifications of epidemiological studies in terms of periodontitis severity, prevalence and associated risk factors and the 2012 American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (AAP/CDC) case definitions. METHODS: We included 488 participants aged 35-74 years. Measurements were recorded at six sites per tooth by two qualified examiners. The evaluated parameters included pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontitis prevalence and severity were reported using the 2018 EFP/AAP classification and the AAP/CDC case definitions. The data were stratified by recognized risk factors (age, diabetes and smoking status). RESULTS: The 2018 EFP/AAP classification indicated that all patients suffered from periodontitis. When CAL served as the main criterion, the frequency of patients with severe (Stages III-IV) periodontitis was 54%. When the AAP/CDC case definitions were applied, the prevalence of periodontitis was 61.9% and that of severe periodontitis 16.8%. Age was the most significant risk factor, regardless of the chosen case definition. CONCLUSION: It is essential to employ a globalized standard case definition when monitoring periodontitis and associated risk factors.

Evaluation of Surface Change and Roughness in Implants Lost Due to Peri-Implantitis Using Erbium Laser and Various Methods: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 µs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 µs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 µs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.

Neuroactivity of the naturally occurring aporphine alkaloid, roemerine.

Roemerine is a naturally occurring aporphine alkaloid. In this study, we screened a conformer library of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to identify similar drugs that can assist in identifying the biological targets of roemerine. To assess the neuroactivity in vitro, we measured the levels of cell metabolites, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-HT) in SH-SY5Y cell line. By means of structure-based virtual screening, we identified five drugs that are similar to roemerine; mirtazapine, atomoxetine, epinastine, diphenhydramine and orphenadrine. GC-MS metabolomics study revealed that roemerine has a high impact on alanine-aspartate-glutamate pathway in cell lysate and cultured medium. Additionally, roemerine increased intercellular 5-HT level and intracellular BDNF protein expression at 10 µM. In conclusion, roemerine - a major alkaloid in antidepressant-like effect possessing plants (P. lacerum and P. syriacum) - has a neuronal activity through increasing BDNF protein expression and affecting serotonergic and glutamatergic systems in SH-SY5Y cell line.

MEFV gene mutations in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease affecting both children and adults. The underlying molecular mechanism predisposing to the clinical manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is unknown. A 39-year-old man who was followed up with the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) was admitted to our clinic with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. After endoscopic and colonoscopic examinations EG was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Symptoms were resolved with the treatment of budesonide. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EG with the MEFV gene mutations in the literature.

Metabolomics and proteomics profiles of some medicinal plants and correlation with BDNF activity.

BACKGROUND: Identification of the low abundance of phytochemicals in plant extracts is very difficult. Pharmacological activity observed in such plants is not due to a single compound. In most cases, plant extracts show activity based on synergistic or antagonistic effects. Therefore, the idea of a holistic approach is more rational. PURPOSE: This study was planned to compare the metabolomics and proteomics profiles of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae), Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) and Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) used in sedative anxiolytic and sleep disorders. Integrated omics analyses were used to provide a better understanding of the effect of plant extracts on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels on the SH-SY5Y cell line by a holistic approach. METHODS: Metabolomic profiling of the plants was performed using the GC-MS and LC-qTOF-MS systems, and the proteomics analysis using the LC-qTOF-MS system after trypsin digestion. The Human BDNF Quantikine ELISA kit was utilized to test BDNF expression activity on the SH-SY5Y cell line. RESULTS: The investigated plant extracts showed a significant increase in BDNF expression (p < 0.05). M. officinalis was found as the most active extract. According to the correlation analyses between BDNF activity and metabolomics or proteomics level, 94 metabolites had a positive correlation while 23 metabolites had a highly negative correlation; those for proteins are 24 and 6, respectively. CONCLUSION: The multivariate data analysis revealed a similar metabolomics profile of H. perforatum and P. incarnata, which also had a similar activity profile. Remarkably, all the primary metabolites belonging to the Krebs Cycle (citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid and citramalic acid, an analog of malic acid) were positively correlated with BDNF activity. Secondary metabolites with a high BDNF expression belonged to flavonoids, xanthone, coumarines, tannin, naphtalenes, terpenoids and carotenoid skeleton. Two proteins from the cytochrome P450 family (P450 71B11 and P450 94B3) were positively correlated with BDNF activity. Employing omics technologies in the plant research area will offer a better understanding of the role of plant extracts and may lead to the discovery of new compounds with specific activity.