RESUMEN
Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus, Peaton virus, Sathuperi virus, and Shamonda virus are arthropod-borne viruses belonging to the order Elliovirales, family Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. These viruses cause or may cause congenital malformations in ruminants, including hydranencephaly, poliomyelitis, and arthrogryposis, although their pathogenicity may vary among field cases. AKAV may cause relatively severe congenital lesions such as hydranencephaly in calves. Furthermore, strains of AKAV genogroups I and II exhibit different disease courses. Genogroup I strains predominantly cause postnatal viral encephalomyelitis, while genogroup II strains are primarily detected in cases of congenital malformation. However, the biological properties of AKAV and other orthobunyaviruses are insufficiently investigated in hosts in the field and in vitro. Here, we used an immortalized bovine brain cell line (FBBC-1) to investigate viral replication efficiency, cytopathogenicity, and host innate immune responses. AKAV genogroup II and Shamonda virus replicated to higher titers in FBBC-1 cells compared with the other viruses, and only AKAV caused cytopathic effects. These results may be associated with the severe congenital lesions in the brain caused by AKAV genogroup II. AKAV genogroup II strains replicated to higher titers in FBBC-1 cells than AKAV genogroup I strains, suggesting that genogroup II strains replicated more efficiently in fetal brain cells, accounting for the detection of the latter strains mainly in fetal infection cases. Therefore, FBBC-1 cells may serve as a valuable tool for investigating the virulence and tropism of the orthobunyaviruses for bovine neonatal brain tissues in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Replicación Viral , Animales , Bovinos , Orthobunyavirus/patogenicidad , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Orthobunyavirus/fisiología , Orthobunyavirus/clasificación , Encéfalo/virología , Encéfalo/patología , Línea Celular , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/virología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/patología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Feto/virología , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Inmunidad InnataRESUMEN
Whole-genome sequencing of a virus isolated from Culicoides biting midges in southern Japan in 2020 revealed that it is a strain of Balagodu virus (BLGV; genus Orthobunyavirus; family Peribunyaviridae; order Bunyavirales). A solitary instance of BLGV isolation occurred in India in 1963. All assembled segments comprise complete protein-coding sequences that are similar to those of other orthobunyaviruses. The consensus 3'- and 5'-terminal sequences of orthobunyaviruses' genomic RNAs are also conserved in the Japanese BLGV strain. Here, we update the geographic distribution of BLGV and provide its complete sequence, contributing to the clarification of orthobunyavirus phylogeny.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Orthobunyavirus , Filogenia , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Japón , Genoma Viral/genética , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Orthobunyavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Orthobunyavirus/clasificación , Animales , ARN Viral/genética , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/virologíaRESUMEN
Two viruses isolated from Culicoides biting midges in Japan and preserved in a frozen state for over three decades were genetically characterized by next-generation sequencing. The viruses have a tripartite RNA genome with the typical coding strategy of orthobunyaviruses. They also share a high level of genetic similarity and are thus regarded as isolates of the same virus. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis including viruses of the Simbu serogroup demonstrated that the new viruses are members of clade A of this serogroup. In addition, a discrepancy in the phylogenetic trees indicated that a genetic reassortment had occurred in the evolution of the studied viruses. The L protein of the virus reported here showed no more than 94.6% amino acid sequence identity to that of any other Simbu serogroup virus, indicating that it should be regarded as a novel virus according to a criterion for species definition in the genus Orthobunyavirus. Therefore, this novel virus is tentatively named 'Taniyama virus' based on the location where the infected midges were collected.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Virus Simbu , Humanos , Japón , Filogenia , Virus Simbu/genética , Análisis de SecuenciaRESUMEN
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotypes 5 (EHDV-5) and 6 (EHDV-6) isolated in the Yaeyama Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The EHDV-5 strain, ON-11/E/16, which was isolated in 2016, is, to our knowledge, the second EHDV-5 strain to be isolated after the first was isolated in Australia in 1977. In each of the genome segments, ON-11/E/16 was most closely related to EHDV strains of different serotypes isolated in Australia and Japan. Our results support the idea that various serotypes of EHDV have been circulating while causing reassortment in the Asia-Pacific region. In all genome segments, the EHDV-6 strain, ON-3/E/14, which was isolated in 2014, was highly similar to EHDV-6 strain HG-1/E/15, which was detected in affected cattle during the EHD epidemic in Hyogo prefecture in 2015. Therefore, these two EHDV-6 strains, ON-3/E/14 and HG-1/E/15, may have the same origin. However, it is unclear whether EHDV-6 was transmitted directly between the locations where those strains were isolated/detected (approx. 1,500 km apart) or whether EHDV-6 strains of the same origin entered each location at different times. In addition, we cannot rule out the possibility that EHDV-6 infection has spread unnoticed through asymptomatic cattle in other areas of Japan. Therefore, further investigation into EHDV infection in cattle is necessary for a more detailed understanding of the ecology of EHDV in Japan.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica , Infecciones por Reoviridae , Animales , Bovinos , Serogrupo , Infecciones por Reoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/veterinaria , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/genética , Filogenia , Japón/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Akabane virus (AKAV) is a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae. In addition to AKAV strains that cause fetal Akabane disease, which is characterized by abortion in ruminants, some AKAV strains cause postnatal infection characterized by nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in ruminants. Here, we focused on the NSs protein, a virulence factor for most viruses belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, and we hypothesized that this protein would act as a neurovirulence factor in AKAV strains causing postnatal encephalomyelitis. We generated AKAV strains that were unable to produce the NSs protein, derived from two different genogroups, genogroups I and II, and then examined the role of their NSs proteins by inoculating mice intracerebrally with these modified viruses. Our results revealed that the neurovirulence of genogroup II strains is dependent on the NSs protein, whereas that of genogroup I strains is independent of this protein. Notably, infection of primary cultured bovine cells with these viruses suggested that the NSs proteins of both genogroups suppress innate immune-related gene expression with equal efficiency. These results indicate differences in the determinants of virulence of orthobunyaviruses.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bunyaviridae , Encefalomielitis , Orthobunyavirus , Embarazo , Femenino , Bovinos , Animales , Ratones , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Genotipo , RumiantesRESUMEN
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was initially isolated in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently in Guangdong, Hunan, and Yunnan, China. We document the first isolation of TIBOV outside of China: two TIBOV isolates from Culicoides collected in 2009 and 2010 in Kagoshima, Japan. Their complete genome sequences were also determined. Our results suggest that the two virus isolates are of novel serotypes, evident by variability within genome segment 2 encoding VP2. These new putative TIBOV serotypes will help with future virus surveillance and with the evaluation of its potential to cause disease in domestic ruminants.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral/genética , Orbivirus/genética , Orbivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Genómica , Japón , Orbivirus/clasificación , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Homología de Secuencia , Serogrupo , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
A novel orbivirus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), designated Yonaguni orbivirus (YONOV), was isolated from bovine blood collected on a subtropical island of Japan in 2015. The YONOV genome (20,054 nucleotides in total) has a coding arrangement similar to those of mosquito-borne orbiviruses. YONOV has a close genetic relationship to mosquito-borne orbiviruses, especially to Mobuck virus (MBV), which was isolated in North America. However, YONOV and MBV share less than 74% nucleotide sequence identity in the major subcore protein (T2) coding sequence, which satisfies the criterion for species demarcation. It is still uncertain whether YONOV should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Orbivirus.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Orbivirus/clasificación , Orbivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Infecciones por Reoviridae/veterinaria , Proteínas Virales/genética , Animales , Bovinos/virología , Culicidae/virología , Japón , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Infecciones por Reoviridae/virología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
During October-December 2015, an epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak occurred in cattle in Japan. Forty-six animals displayed fever, anorexia, cessation of rumination, salivation, and dysphagia. Virologic, serologic, and pathologic investigations revealed the causative agent was epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6. Further virus characterization is needed to determine virus pathogenicity.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Reoviridae/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/genética , Japón/epidemiología , Filogenia , Infecciones por Reoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/virologíaRESUMEN
Two virus strains, tentatively designated as ON-6/P/05 and ON-7/E/05, were isolated from blood samples of healthy cattle in the Yaeyama Islands, located in the southwestern-most region of Japan, in 2005. Ultrastructural observations of infected baby hamster (BHK-21) cells revealed that the viruses had features consistent with those of orbivirus. As with other orbiviruses, the viral genome consists of 10 double-stranded RNA segments. The full genome sequence of ON-6/P/05 was determined and shared high nucleotide and amino acid identities (90.07-98.22% nucleotide identity; 96.16-99.72% amino acid identity) with that of Sathuvachari virus (SVIV), a member of the species Sathuvachari virus of the genus Orbivirus, originally isolated from starlings collected in southern India in 1963. The sequence of segment two of ON-7/E/05 was identical to that of ON-6/P/05. The isolation of SVIV from cattle also indicated that the virus has a wider host range than previously thought. The potential pathogenicity of SVIV in domestic animals should be considered in future disease surveillance within its distribution range.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/virología , Genoma Viral , Orbivirus/genética , Orbivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Femenino , Japón , Tipificación Molecular , Orbivirus/clasificación , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide serological surveillance program for bovine arboviral diseases, including Akabane disease, has been established in Japan to monitor the circulation of arboviruses by targeting sentinel calves. Okinawa, which is located in the southwestern-most region of Japan, is a high-risk area for incursion of arboviruses. The aim of the present study was to identify the meteorological factors related to farm-level seroconversion of Akabane virus by analyzing the serological surveillance data for sentinel calves collected in Okinawa between 2007 and 2015. Rainfall in winter, spring, and autumn was positively associated with seroconversion. Adequate rainfall seems to keep the soil in a suitably moist state for growth and survival of biting midges. Maximum temperature in winter was also positively associated with seroconversion in sentinel calves. The warmer temperatures in winter may provide conditions suitable for shortening the larval development cycle and increase production of adult midges. Our findings indicate that meteorological factors such as temperature and rainfall may be important factors that produce circumstances conducive to effective transmission of the virus between vectors and the host. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the circulation of arboviruses and offer suggestions for developing better surveillance and measures to prevent arboviral disease.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Tiempo (Meteorología) , Animales , Infecciones por Arbovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Arbovirus/transmisión , Arbovirus , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Insectos Vectores/virología , Japón/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del Año , SeroconversiónRESUMEN
In 2015 and 2016, we observed 15 malformed calves that were exposed to intrauterine infection with Shamonda virus, a Simbu serogroup orthobunyavirus, in Japan. Characteristic manifestations were arthrogryposis and gross lesions in the central nervous system. Our results indicate that this arbovirus should be considered a teratogenic virus in ruminants.
Asunto(s)
Artrogriposis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , ARN Viral/genética , Virus Simbu/genética , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Artrogriposis/patología , Artrogriposis/virología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/patología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/virología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Sistema Nervioso Central/anomalías , Sistema Nervioso Central/virología , Japón/epidemiología , Filogenia , Virus Simbu/clasificación , Virus Simbu/aislamiento & purificación , Virus Simbu/patogenicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a febrile disease of cattle that is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges. An outbreak of BEF recently occurred in Ishigaki Island and surrounding islands that are located southwest of Japan. In this study, an epidemiological analysis was conducted to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of the outbreak. Factors associated with the disease spread within Ishigaki Island were investigated by hierarchical Bayesian models. The possibility of between-island transmission by windborne vectors and transmission by long-distance migration of infected vectors were examined using atmospheric dispersion models. RESULTS: In September 2012, the first case of the disease was detected in the western part of Ishigaki Island. In 1 month, it had rapidly spread to the southern part of the island and to surrounding islands, and led to 225 suspected cases of BEF during the outbreak. The dispersion model demonstrated the high possibility of between-island transmission by wind. Spatial analysis showed that paddy fields, farmlands, and slope gradients had a significant impact on the 1-km cell-level incidence risk. These factors may have influenced the habitats and movements of the vectors with regard to the spread of BEF. A plausible incursion event of infected vectors from Southeast Asia to Ishigaki Island was estimated to have occurred at the end of August. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the condition of a terrain and land use significantly influenced disease transmission. These factors are important in assessing favorable environments for related vectors. The results of the dispersion model indicated the likely transmission of the infected vectors by wind on the local scale and on the long-distance scale. These findings would be helpful for developing a surveillance program and developing preventive measures against BEF.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Fiebre Efímera/epidemiología , Agricultura , Animales , Bovinos , Vectores de Enfermedades , Fiebre Efímera/transmisión , Japón/epidemiología , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos EstadísticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D'Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The above-mentioned viruses are hypothesized to circulate in tropical and subtropical Asia year round and to be introduced to temperate East Asia by long-distance aerial dispersal of infected vectors. To watch for arbovirus incursion and assess the possibility of its early warning, monitoring for arboviruses was conducted in the Yaeyama Islands, located at the most southwestern area of Japan, between 1994 and 2014. RESULTS: Blood sampling was conducted once a year, in the autumn, in 40 to 60 healthy cattle from the Yaeyama Islands. Blood samples were tested for arboviruses. A total of 33 arboviruses including Akabane, Peaton, Chuzan, D' Aguilar, Bunyip Creek, Batai and epizootic hemorrhagic viruses were isolated from bovine blood samples. Serological surveillance for the bovine arboviruses associated with cattle diseases in young cattle (ages 6-12 months: had only been alive for one summer) clearly showed their frequent incursion into the Yaeyama Islands. In some cases, the arbovirus incursions could be detected in the Yaeyama Islands prior to their spread to mainland Japan. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that long-term surveillance in the Yaeyama Islands could estimate the activity of bovine arboviruses in neighboring regions and may provide a useful early warning for likely arbovirus infections in Japan. The findings in this study could contribute to the planning of prevention and control for bovine arbovirus infections in Japan and cooperative efforts among neighboring countries in East Asia.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Arbovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Arbovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Arbovirus/prevención & control , Arbovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Islas , Japón , Vigilancia de la PoblaciónRESUMEN
Akabane disease, which is distributed in temperate and tropical regions in the world, is a vector-borne disease of ruminants caused by the Akabane virus, transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. In 2011, outbreaks of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis occurred in the Shimane Prefecture in western Japan. In this study, a spatial epidemiological analysis was conducted to understand environmental factors associated with the spread of Akabane disease. By applying a conditional autoregressive model, the relationship between infection and environmental variables was explored. The results showed that the dominance of farmlands and the presence of infected farms within a 3-km radius had a significant effect on infection. This result implies that land use, which would relate with the vector habitat, and the presence of neighboring infected farms as a source of infection may have influenced the spread of the disease in this region. These findings provide basic insights into the spread of Akabane disease and useful suggestions for developing a surveillance program and preventive measures against the disease.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Encefalomielitis/veterinaria , Orthobunyavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/epidemiología , Bovinos , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Industria Lechera , Demografía , Encefalomielitis/epidemiología , Femenino , Insectos Vectores/virología , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Carne RojaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is classified into the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. JEV can cause febrile illness and encephalitis mainly in humans and horses, and occasionally in cattle. CASE PRESENTATION: In late September 2010, a 114-month-old cow showed neurological symptoms similar to the symptoms observed in previous bovine cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE); therefore, we conducted virological and pathological tests on the cow. As a result, JEV was isolated from the cerebrum of the affected cow. We determined the complete genome sequence of the JEV isolate, which we named JEV/Bo/Aichi/1/2010, including the envelope (E) gene region and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Our phylogenetic analyses of the E region and complete genome showed that the isolate belongs to JEV genotype 1 (G1). The isolate, JEV/Bo/Aichi/1/2010, was most closely related to several JEV G1 isolates in Toyama Prefecture, Japan in 2007-2009 by the phylogenetic analysis of the E region. In addition, the nucleotide alignment revealed that the deletion in the 3'UTR was the same between JEV/Bo/Aichi/1/2010 and several other JEV G1 isolates identified in Toyama Prefecture in 2008-2009. A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was conducted for the detection of anti-JEV antibodies in the affected cow, and the test detected 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-sensitive HI antibodies against JEV in the serum of the affected cow. The histopathological investigation revealed nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in the affected cow, and the immunohistochemical assay detected JEV antigen in the cerebrum. CONCLUSION: We diagnosed the case as JE of a cow based on the findings of nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis observed in the central nervous system, JEV antigen detected in the cerebrum, JEV isolated from the cerebrum, and 2-ME-sensitive HI antibodies against JEV detected in the serum. This is the first reported case of JE in a cow over 24 months old.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/genética , Encefalitis Japonesa/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bovinos , Encefalitis Japonesa/sangre , Encefalitis Japonesa/virología , Femenino , Filogenia , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
The monophyly of the Imicola complex, a natural species complex within subgenus C. subgen. Avaritia Fox of the biting midge genus Culicoides Latreille, is supported using morphological and molecular analyses. A diagnosis for the group along with comparative redescriptions of the male and female of the species represented in Australasia, C. brevitarsis Kieffer and C. nudipalpis Delfinado and a description of C. asiatica Bellis sp. nov., are presented together with keys for their specific determination and molecular support for their status.
Asunto(s)
Ceratopogonidae/anatomía & histología , Ceratopogonidae/clasificación , Animales , Australasia , Ceratopogonidae/genética , Ceratopogonidae/fisiología , Demografía , Femenino , Masculino , Filogenia , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 15 Palyam serogroup virus (PALV) strains isolated from cattle or Culicoides biting midges in Japan from 1984 to 2018. We found that the PALV strains consisted of Chuzan (Kasba) virus (CHUV), D'Aguilar virus (DAGV), Bunyip Creek virus, and another PALV, Marrakai virus (MARV). The Japanese MARV strains isolated in 1997 were closely related to Australian PALV strains isolated in 1968-1976 in genome segments 2 and 10, but they were most closely related to other Japanese PALV strains in the other genome segments. Our data suggest that the Japanese MARV strains were reassortant viruses between Asian and Australian PALVs. In addition to the WGS, we developed a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay that can broadly detect PALV and specifically detect CHUV and DAGV, utilizing the data obtained by the WGS in this study. We detected the DAGV gene in bovine stillborn fetuses and congenitally abnormal calves in 2019 using the newly developed assay. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of MARV outside of Australia and the first report of detection of PALV in bovine fetuses or calves with congenital abnormality outside of Africa.
RESUMEN
Akabane virus (AKAV) is known as a major teratogenic agent of ruminant fetuses. In this study, we investigated the relationship between porcine abnormal deliveries and AKAV by serology, pathology, and virology investigations using specimens from 16 stillborn fetuses delivered in southern Japan between 2013 and 2015. The major clinical manifestations in stillborn fetuses were hydranencephaly, arthrogryposis, spinal curvature, and both skeletal muscle and subcutaneous edema. Histologic examination of the specimens identified atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers accompanied by adipose replacement. Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and decreased neuronal density in the ventral horn of the spinal cord were shown in two separate fetuses, respectively. Neutralizing antibody titers to AKAV were detected in most of the tested fetuses (13/16). The AKAV sequences detected in the affected fetuses in 2013 and 2015 were highly identical and closely related to Japanese AKAV isolates which were isolated in 2013 and sorted into genogroup I of AKAV. Immunohistochemistry visualized AKAV antigens in the neuronal cells of the central nervous system of the fetuses. These findings indicate that AKAV was involved in the birth of abnormal piglets at the affected farm. The clinical manifestations and histopathological features in the stillborn fetuses were very similar to those in ruminant neonates affected by AKAV. To avoid misdiagnosis and to evaluate the precise impact of AKAV on pig reproduction, AKAV should be considered in differential diagnoses of reproductive failures in pigs.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/patología , Feto/patología , Japón/epidemiología , Rumiantes , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was isolated from the cerebrum of a calf which showed severe neurological symptoms in late September 2009, and the JEV isolate was revealed to be of genotype 1. This is the first report describing the isolation of genotype 1 JEV from cattle.