The preparation of polyclonal antibody against chlordimeform and establishment of detection by indirect competitive ELISA.

Objective: Chlordimeform is a chemical pesticide that is highly carcinogenic and toxic. The purpose of this study was to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the detection of chlordimeform in aquaculture and fish farming. METHODS: Chlordimeform was coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) as carrier proteins. A chlordimeform-BSA conjugate was used as an immunogen, and chlordimeform-OVA was used as a coating antigen. Chlordimeform-BSA was used to immunize rabbits, and a polyclonal antibody was prepared. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was established to detect chlordimeform. RESULTS: The working range of the established IC-ELISA method for chlordimeform detection was 1-20 ng/mL. The IC50 was 3.126 ng/mL, and the lower limit of detection (LOD) of chlordimeform was 0.637 ng/mL. The recovery of chlordimeform from spiked water samples ranged from 81% to 107%. CONCLUSION: An anti-chlordimeform polyclonal antibody was successfully developed, and a novel IC-ELISA was established to detect chlordimeform in aquaculture.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Salvia trijuga Diels (Lamiaceae).

The complete cp genome of Salvia trijuga Diels was 151,345 bp in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 82,577 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,584 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,592 bp. The genome contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of this genome was 37.9%, with the corresponding values of LSC, SSC and IR regions being 36.0%, 31.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Further, the phylogenomic analysis strongly supported the sister relationship of Salvia trijuga and Salvia plebeia R. Br.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Pinus wangii (Pinaceae), an endangered and endemic species in China.

The complete cp genome of Piuns wangii was 117,014 bp in size, containing a large single copy (LSC, 64,061 bp) region and a small single copy (SSC, 52,007 bp) region separated by two reduced inverted repeats (IRs, 473 bp). A total of 107 genes were predicted, including 73 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Most of the 51 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were mononucleotides motifs of A/T types and were found to be located in non-coding regions. Phylogenetic analysis of Asian Pinus showed P. wangii clustered a strongly-supported clade with Pinus morrisonicola, Pinus sibirica, Pinus wallichiana, and Pinus pumila.

Phylogeny and biogeography of the amphi-Pacific genus Aphananthe.

Aphananthe is a small genus of five species showing an intriguing amphi-Pacific distribution in eastern, southern and southeastern Asia, Australia, and Mexico, also with one species in Madagascar. The phylogenetic relationships of Aphananthe were reconstructed with two nuclear (ITS & ETS) and two plastid (psbA-trnH & trnL-trnF) regions. Clade divergence times were estimated with a Bayesian approach, and the ancestral areas were inferred using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis and Bayesian Binary MCMC analyses. Aphananthe was supported to be monophyletic, with the eastern Asian A. aspera resolved as sister to a clade of the remaining four species. Aphananthe was inferred to have originated in the Late Cretaceous (71.5 mya, with 95% HPD: 66.6-81.3 mya), and the crown age of the genus was dated to be in the early Miocene (19.1 mya, with 95% HPD: 12.4-28.9 mya). The fossil record indicates that Aphananthe was present in the high latitude thermophilic forests in the early Tertiary, and experienced extinctions from the middle Tertiary onwards. Aphananthe originated in Europe based on the inference that included fossil and extant species, but eastern Asia was estimated to be the ancestral area of the clade of the extant species of Aphananthe. Both the West Gondwanan vicariance hypothesis and the boreotropics hypothesis could be excluded as explanation for its amphi-Pacific distribution. Long-distance dispersals out of eastern Asia into North America, southern and southeastern Asia and Australia, and Madagascar during the Miocene account for its wide intercontinental disjunct distribution.

[The optimal combination of serum tumor markers with bioinformatics in diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal combination of serum tumor markers with bioinformatics in diagnosis of colorectal cancer. METHODS: The serum levels of CEA, AFP, NSE, CA199, CA242, CA724, CA211 and TPA were detected in 128 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 113 health subjects. The serum tumor markers were evaluated with the area under curves. The optimal combination of serum tumor markers was selected and the diagnostic model with artificial neural network was established. RESULTS: CEA, CA199, CA242, CA211, CA724 were selected for the optimal combination and the artificial neural network was built. The model was evaluated by a 5-cross validation approach. The model had a specificity of 95%, sensitivity of 83% and positive predictive value of 95% in diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The combination of optimal serum tumor markers has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.