Challenges of remote consultations: a delayed diagnosis of aortic valve endocarditis complicated by recurrent intracranial events.

Embolic events causing stroke and intracranial haemorrhage are among the most catastrophic complications of infective endocarditis (IE).A female patient presented with acute unilateral weakness following a 3-month history of fever, for which she had multiple remote consultations with her general practitioner. A brain MRI confirmed a left sided infarct with haemorrhagic transformation. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus mitis and her cardiac imaging showed an aortic valve vegetation with severe aortic regurgitation. Following 2 weeks of antibiotics she developed a new cerebral haemorrhage associated with a mycotic aneurysm which was treated with two coils. After discussions within the multidisciplinary meeting, she underwent aortic valve replacement 3 weeks later. She made a remarkable recovery and was discharged.Our case highlights the importance of face-to-face clinical review in the post-COVID era. It stresses that the management of patients with infective endocarditis and neurological complications is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service is associated with inpatient-bed cost savings.

In a cardiology department, there are some patients that require long-term antibiotics, such as those with infective endocarditis or infected prosthetic devices. We describe our experience with intravenous antibiotic therapy for patients with cardiology diagnoses who require a period of antibiotics in our outpatient service during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 15 patients were selected to have outpatient antibiotic therapy (age range 36 to 97 years, 60% male). A total of nine patients had infective endocarditis, four patients had infected valve prosthesis or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) endocarditis, one patient had infected pericardial effusion while another had infected pericarditis. For these 15 patients there was a total of 333 hospital bed-days, on average 22 days per patient. These patients also had a total of 312 days of outpatient antibiotic therapy, which was an average of 21 days per patient. The total cost, if patients were admitted for those days, assuming a night cost £400, was £124,800, which was on average £8,320 per patient. Three patients were readmitted within 30 days. One had ongoing endocarditis that was managed medically and another had pulmonary embolism. The last patient had a side effect related to daptomycin use. In conclusion, outpatient antibiotic therapy in selected patients with native or prosthetic infective endocarditis appears to be safe for a selected group of patients with associated cost savings.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Neisseria elongata subsp. elongata in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome.

A case is reported of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Neisseria elongata subsp. elongata in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. This is believed to be only the third case of endocarditis reported due to this subspecies. N. elongata is difficult to identify, and is morphologically and biochemically similar to Kingella spp. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is useful for identification. The patient was successfully treated with amoxicillin and gentamicin, followed by ceftriaxone.

United Kingdom Survey of Culture-Negative Peritonitis and Dialysate Sampling Practice.

Peritonitis is a major cause of technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and accurate diagnosis ensures successful management and avoids unnecessary antibiotic exposure. United Kingdom (UK) registry data on peritonitis rates are not routinely reported. We conducted an electronic survey amongst senior PD nurses and microbiologists to obtain information about PD effluent sampling and processing practices in the UK. The survey was completed by 53 of 79 centres (67% response rate). The median annual culture-negative rate was 15% (range 5 - 38%). The main findings were wide variation in reported sampling volumes and processing methods that may in part explain the variation in culture-negative rates. Adherence to guidelines might reduce culture-negative rates informed by reporting data into national registries.