ZnMn2(PO4)2·nH2O: An H2O-Imbedding-Activated Cathode for Robust Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Component modulation endows Mn-based electrodes with prominent energy storage properties due to their adjustable crystal structure characteristics. Herein, ZnMn2(PO4)2·nH2O (ZMP·nH2O) was obtained by a hydration reaction from ZnMn2(PO4)2 (ZMP) during an electrode-aging evolution. Benefiting from the introduction of lattice H2O molecules into the ZMP structure, the ion transmission path has been expanded along with the extended d-spacing, which will further facilitate the ZMP → ZMP·nH2O phase evolution and electrochemical reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond can be generated between H2O and O in PO43-, which strengthens the structure stability of ZMP·nH2O and lowers the conversion barrier from ZMP to ZMP·4H2O during the Zn2+ uptake/removal process. Thereof, ZMP·nH2O delivers enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics with robust structure tolerance (106.52 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 over 620 cycles). This high-energy aqueous Zn||ZMP·nH2O battery provides a facile strategy for engineering and exploration of high-performance ZIBs to realize the practical application of Mn-based cathodes.

Ecotoxicology of microplastics in Daphnia: A review focusing on microplastic properties and multiscale attributes of Daphnia.

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics in aquatic environments is considered a global threat to aquatic organisms. Species of the genus Daphnia provide an important link between aquatic primary producers and consumers of higher trophic levels; furthermore, these organisms exhibit high sensitivity to various environmental pollutants. Hence, the biological effects of microplastics on Daphnia species are well documented. This paper reviews the latest research regarding the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on Daphnia, including the: 1) responses of individual, population, and community attributes of Daphnia to microplastics; 2) influence of the physical and chemical properties of microplastics; and 3) joint toxicity of microplastics and other pollutants on responses of Daphnia. Our literature review found that the published literature does not provide sufficient evidence to reveal the risks of microplastics at the population and community levels. Furthermore, we emphasized that high-level analysis has more general implications for understanding how individual-level research can reveal the ecological hazards of microplastics on Daphnia. Based on this review, we suggest avenues for future research, including microplastic toxicology studies based on both omics-based and community-level methods, especially the latter.

Comprehensive improvements in the emergency laboratory test process based on information technology.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application effects of information technology (IT) on emergency laboratory testing procedures. METHODS: In this study, IT-based optimisation of the emergency laboratory testing process was implemented between October and December 2021. Thus, the emergency laboratory test reports from January to September 2021 were placed into the pre-optimised group, while those from January to September 2022 were categorised into the post-optimised group. Besides, the emergency laboratory test report time, emergency laboratory test report time limit coincidence rate, error rate, and employee and patient satisfaction levels in individual months and across the whole period were described. Moreover, changes in the above indicators before and after the implementation of IT-based optimisation were explored and the application effects of IT-based optimisation were also evaluated. RESULTS: The emergency laboratory test report times after the implementation of IT-based optimisation were shorter than those before IT-based optimisation (P < 0.05). The total number of laboratory test items before and after information optimization amounted to 222,139 and 259,651, respectively. Also, IT-based optimisation led to an increase in the emergency laboratory test report time limit coincidence rate from 98.77% to 99.03% (P < 0.05), while the emergency laboratory test report error rate fell from 0.77‱ to 0.15‱ (P < 0.05). Additionally, IT-based optimisation resulted in increases in both employee satisfaction, from 80.65% to 93.55% (N = 31, P > 0.05), and patient satisfaction, from 93.06% to 98.44% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The automation and IT-based optimisation of the emergency laboratory testing process significantly reduces the emergency laboratory test report time and error rate. Additionally, IT-driven optimization enhances the alignment of emergency laboratory test report deadlines and enhances the overall quality and safety of emergency laboratory testing.

Stereoselective Three-Component Carbocyclization of 1,7-Enynes with Sulfoxonium Ylides and Water under Photoredox Catalysis.

A visible-light-induced photoredox three-component carbocyclization reaction of 1,7-enynes with sulfoxonium ylides and water is reported. The protocol provides a facile entry to structurally valuable highly functionalized cyclopenta[c]quinoline scaffolds in a highly chemoselective and stereoselective manner. Salient features of this method include facile redox-neutral conditions, no requirement of base or other additive, and good functional-group tolerance.

Logical design of synthetic cis-regulatory DNA for genetic tracing of cell identities and state changes.

Descriptive data are rapidly expanding in biomedical research. Instead, functional validation methods with sufficient complexity remain underdeveloped. Transcriptional reporters allow experimental characterization and manipulation of developmental and disease cell states, but their design lacks flexibility. Here, we report logical design of synthetic cis-regulatory DNA (LSD), a computational framework leveraging phenotypic biomarkers and trans-regulatory networks as input to design reporters marking the activity of selected cellular states and pathways. LSD uses bulk or single-cell biomarkers and a reference genome or custom cis-regulatory DNA datasets with user-defined boundary regions. By benchmarking validated reporters, we integrate LSD with a computational ranking of phenotypic specificity of putative cis-regulatory DNA. Experimentally, LSD-designed reporters targeting a wide range of cell states are functional without minimal promoters. Applied to broadly expressed genes from human and mouse tissues, LSD generates functional housekeeper-like sLCRs compatible with size constraints of AAV vectors for gene therapy applications. A mesenchymal glioblastoma reporter designed by LSD outperforms previously validated ones and canonical cell surface markers. In genome-scale CRISPRa screens, LSD facilitates the discovery of known and novel bona fide cell-state drivers. Thus, LSD captures core principles of cis-regulation and is broadly applicable to studying complex cell states and mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.

LPCAT2 inhibits colorectal cancer progression via the PRMT1/SLC7A11 axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high degree of heterogeneity and identifying the genetic information of individual tumor cells could help enhance our understanding of tumor biology and uncover potential therapeutic targets for CRC. In this study, we identified LPCAT2+ tumor cell populations with less malignancy than LPCAT2- tumor cells in human and mouse CRC tissues using scRNA-seq. Combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that LPCAT2 could inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells by inducing ferroptosis. Mechanistically, LPCAT2 arrested PRMT1 in cytoplasm of CRC cells via regulating acetylation of PRMT1 at the K145 site. In turn, PRMT1 enhanced SLC7A11 promoter activity. Thus, LPCAT2 attenuated the positive regulatory effect of PRMT1 on SLC7A11 promoter. Notably, SLC7A11 acts as a ferroptosis regulator. Furthermore, in LPCAT2 knockout mice (LPCAT2-/-) colon cancer model, we found that LPCAT2-/- mice exhibited more severe lesions, while PRMT1 or SLC7A11 inhibitors delayed the progression. Altogether, we elucidated that LPCAT2 suppresses SLC7A11 expression by inhibiting PRMT1 nuclear translocation, thereby inducing ferroptosis in CRC cells. Moreover, inhibitors of the PRMT1/SLC7A11 axis could delay tumor progression in CRC with low LPCAT2 expression, making it a potentially effective treatment for CRC.

Room-Temperature Growth of Square-Millimeter Single-Crystalline Two-Dimensional Metal Halides on Silicon.

Silicon is the cornerstone of electronics and photonics. In this context, almost all integrated devices derived from two-dimensional (2D) materials stay rooted in silicon technology. However, as the growth substrate, silicon has long been thought to be a hindrance for growing 2D materials through bottom-up methods that require high growth temperatures, and thus, indirect routes are usually considered instead. Although promising growth of large-area 2D materials on silicon has been demonstrated, the direct growth of single-crystalline materials using low-thermal-budget synthesis methods remains challenging. Here, we report the room-temperature growth of millimeter-scale single-crystal 2D metal halides on silicon substrates with a hydroxyl-terminated surface. Theoretical calculations reveal that the activation energy for surface diffusion can be reduced by an order of magnitude by terminating the surface with hydroxyl groups, from which on-silicon growth is greatly facilitated at room temperature and enables a 4-order-of-magnitude increase in area. The high quality and uniformity of the resulting single crystals are further evidenced. The optoelectronic devices employing the as-grown materials show an ultralow dark current of 10-13 A and a high detectivity of 1013 Jones, thereby corroborating a weak-light detection ability. These results would point to a rich space of surface modulation that can be used to surmount current limitations and demonstrate a promising strategy for growing 2D materials directly on silicon at room temperature to produce large single crystals.

[Diagnosis and treatment of 11 patients with cevical spondylotic amyotrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical features, treatment methods and clinical effects of cervical spondylosis with proximal muscular atrophy. METHODS: Eleven patients with proximal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy were retrospectively studied from September 2016 to November 2020, including 7 males and 4 females, aged 38 to 68 years old. Clinical symptoms, MRI and neuroelectrophysiological manifestations were analyzed, and patients were treated with conservative treatment or anterior cervical decompression fusion surgery, respectively. The efficacy was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) before and after treatment, and patients' satisfaction was followed up at the same time. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6 to 19 months. All 11 patients were unilateral, mainly manifested by atrophy of deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle and infraspinatus muscle, and may be accompanied by ipsilateral neck and shoulder pain at early stage. MRI showed lesions at C4,5, C5,6 segments were more common. Electrophysiological examination showed the affected muscle was denervated, and amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of innervated nerve on the affected side was lower than that on the healthy side. All patients were obtained bone fusion. One patient who were underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) occurred developed contralateral C5 nerve root paralysis after operation, which recovered completely after 10 weeks of symptomatic treatment. At 12 months after operation, the efficacy was evaluated according to MMT, 3 patients were treated conservatively, 2 patients excellent and 1 good;in 8 patients treated by operation, 3 patients were excellent, 4 good, and 1 moderate. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cervical spondylosis with proximal muscular atrophy is low, which is manifested as unilateral proximal muscle atrophy and may be accompanied by ipsilateral neck and shoulder pain in the early stage. Combined with MRI and neuroelectrophysiological examination, misdiagnosis could be reduced. In the early stage of disease, especially in the case of nucleus pulposus protrusion leading to nerve compression, conservative treatment could be taken. When the conservative treatment is ineffective or the pain cannot be tolerated, anterior decompression surgery is recommended, and the overall effect is satisfactory.