High-speed centrifugation rather than Lipoclear reagent can be used for removing the interference of lipemia on serological tests of infectious diseases: AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of lipemia on measurement of HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab, and anti-TP in serum by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and compare lipemia removing performance between high-speed centrifugation and Lipoclear reagent. Mixed native serum samples (NSs) and hyperlipemia serum samples (HLS) were prepared for the investigated parameters. The levels of these parameters in NS and HLS were determined by CMIA on an Abbott ARCHITECT i2000SR immunoassay analyzer. HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-TP were affected with relative bias >12.5% (acceptable limit) when the level of triacylglycerol (TG) was higher than 27.12 mmol/L in HLS. Clinically unacceptable bias were observed for HBeAg and anti-HBe in HLS with TG higher than 40.52 mmol/L. However, anti-HCV and HIV Ag/Ab were not interfered in severe lipemia with TG < 52.03 mmol/L. In addition, the Lipoclear reagent did not reduce the interference of lipemia with relative bias from -62.50% to -18.02%. The high-speed centrifugation under the optimized condition of 12 000g for 10 min successfully removed the interference of lipemia with relative bias from -5.93% to 0% for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, and anti-TP. To conclude, high-speed centrifugation can be used for removing the interference of lipemia to measure HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, and anti-TP. Accordingly, a standardized sample preanalytical preparation of the patients and other screening participants as well as a specimen examination procedure for removing lipemia interference on the serological tests was recommended.

Effect of serum inflammatory factors in predicting co-infection with influenza viruses and Omicron.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the key differences in laboratory indicators between mono-infection and co-infection by influenza viruses and Omicron to facilitate timely adjustments in patient treatment strategies. METHODS: Prealbumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were analyzed in 161 COVID-19 cases infected by SARS-CoV-2 (wild type), 299 cases infected by Omicron, 95 cases infected by influenza virus A/B (Flu A/B) and 133 co-infection cases infected with Flu A/B and Omicron. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression equation were used to analyze the clinical predictive capacity of prealbumin and CRP in coinfected patients. RESULTS: The co-infected and wild-type infected patients had significantly different CRP and prealbumin levels compared to mono-infected patients with Omicron or Flu A/B (p < .001). The ROC curve results indicated that prealbumin was more efficient than CRP in identifying co-infection from Omicron (AUC: 0.867 vs. 0.724) or Flu A/B (AUC: 0.797 vs. 0.730), and joint prediction significantly improved the diagnostic ability to discriminate co-infection from mono-infection (AUC: 0.934 and 0.887). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that prealbumin is a valuable indicator that can warn of co-infection and guide timely treatment decisions. Joint prediction may offer an even more effective diagnostic tool for discriminating co-infection from mono-infection.

Enhancing breast cancer treatment: mesoporous dopamine nanoparticles in synergy with chrysin for photothermal therapy.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, primarily affecting women. Among its subtypes, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is particularly common. Inhibiting estrogen's effects is crucial for treating ER+ breast cancer, but current therapies often have significant side effects and limitations. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, has shown potential in reducing estrogen receptor expression, but its poor water solubility hampers clinical application. This study explores the use of mesoporous dopamine nanoparticles (mPDA) to enhance the delivery and efficacy of Chrysin, combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), for breast cancer treatment. Methods: Chrysin-loaded mPDA nanoparticles (Chrysin@mPDA) were synthesized and characterized for their morphology, drug-loading efficiency, stability, and photothermal properties. Network pharmacology was used to predict Chrysin's mechanisms in breast cancer, which were validated through gene expression analysis in cell experiments. The therapeutic efficacy of Chrysin@mPDA with and without PTT was evaluated in a mouse model of breast cancer, with tumor volume and weight measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to assess estrogen receptor expression and immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Results: Chrysin@mPDA nanoparticles demonstrated a high drug-loading capacity and excellent stability. Photothermal studies confirmed the nanoparticles' ability to generate heat upon laser exposure, significantly enhancing Chrysin release in acidic conditions with laser irradiation. Network pharmacology identified key target genes affected by Chrysin, including ESR1, BRCA1, CTNNB1, and BAX, which were validated through qPCR. In vivo, the combination of Chrysin@mPDA and PTT significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, decreased estrogen receptor-positive cells, and increased infiltration of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Discussion: The study highlights the potential of Chrysin-loaded mPDA nanoparticles combined with PTT as an effective strategy for breast cancer treatment. This approach addresses the limitations of Chrysin's solubility and enhances its therapeutic efficacy through synergistic mechanisms. The dual action of Chrysin in modulating gene expression and PTT in inducing localized hyperthermia and immune response suggests a promising avenue for improved breast cancer prognosis and reduced recurrence.