Novel biallelic mutations in TMEM126B cause splicing defects and lead to Leigh-like syndrome with severe complex I deficiency.

Leigh syndrome (LS)/Leigh-like syndrome (LLS) is one of the most common mitochondrial disease subtypes, caused by mutations in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. Here, we identified a novel intronic mutation (c.82-2 A > G) and a novel exonic insertion mutation (c.290dupT) in TMEM126B from a Chinese patient with clinical manifestations of LLS. In silico predictions, minigene splicing assays and patients' RNA analyses determined that the c.82-2 A > G mutation resulted in complete exon 2 skipping, and the c.290dupT mutation provoked partial and complete exon 3 skipping, leading to translational frameshifts and premature termination. Functional analysis revealed the impaired mitochondrial function in patient-derived lymphocytes due to severe complex I content and assembly defect. Altogether, this is the first report of LLS in a patient carrying mutations in TMEM126B. Our data uncovers the functional effect and the molecular mechanism of the pathogenic variants c.82-2 A > G and c.290dupT, which expands the gene mutation spectrum of LLS and clinical spectrum caused by TMEM126B mutations, and thus help to clinical diagnosis of TMEM126B mutation-related mitochondrial diseases.