Hypertension Control During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cohort Study Among US Veterans.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine whether disruptions in follow-up intervals contributed to hypertension control. BACKGROUND: Disruptions in health care were widespread during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified a cohort of individuals with hypertension in both prepandemic (March 2019-February 2020) and pandemic periods (March 2020-February 2022) in the Veterans Health Administration. First, we calculated follow-up intervals between the last prepandemic and first pandemic blood pressure measurement during a primary care clinic visit, and between measurements in the prepandemic period. Next, we estimated the association between the maintenance of (or achieving) hypertension control and the period using generalized estimating equations. We assessed associations between follow-up interval and control separately for periods. Finally, we evaluated the interaction between period and follow-up length. RESULTS: A total of 1,648,424 individuals met the study inclusion criteria. Among individuals with controlled hypertension, the likelihood of maintaining control was lower during the pandemic versus the prepandemic (relative risk: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.93). Longer follow-up intervals were associated with a decreasing likelihood of maintaining controlled hypertension in both periods. Accounting for follow-up intervals, the likelihood of maintaining control was 2% lower during the pandemic versus the prepandemic. For uncontrolled hypertension, the likelihood of gaining control was modestly higher during the pandemic versus the prepandemic (relative risk: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.01). The likelihood of gaining control decreased with follow-up length during the prepandemic but not pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, longer follow-up between measurements contributed to the lower likelihood of maintaining control. Those with uncontrolled hypertension were modestly more likely to gain control in the pandemic.

The acute effects of azithromycin use on cardiovascular mortality as compared with amoxicillin-clavulanate in US Veterans.

PURPOSE: Azithromycin is a common first-line antibiotic for respiratory infection; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding risk of cardiovascular death. We assessed cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality associated with azithromycin versus amoxicillin-clavulanate among US Veterans treated for nonear-nose-throat respiratory infection ("respiratory") or ear-nose-throat infection indication. METHODS: Electronic health record data from the US Veterans Health Administration database were used to identify Veterans (30-74 years) with outpatient dispensings of oral azithromycin versus amoxicillin-clavulanate for respiratory or ear-nose-throat infection (January 01, 2000-December 31, 2014). Outcomes assessed were risk of cardiovascular death and noncardiovascular death within 1-5 and 6-10 days postdispensing. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted proportional hazards models and binomial regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and compute risk differences (RD) per million courses of therapy. Cardiac death (subset of cardiovascular death) was assessed in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: There were 629 345 azithromycin and 168 429 amoxicillin-clavulanate dispensings for respiratory indications, 143 783 azithromycin, and 203 142 amoxicillin-clavulanate dispensings for ear-nose-throat indications. For respiratory indications, azithromycin was not associated with a significantly different risk of cardiovascular death versus amoxicillin-clavulanate within 1-5 days postdispensing (HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.12 [0.63, 2.00]; RD [95% CI]: 11 [-43, 64] deaths/million courses of therapy). No elevated risk for azithromycin was found for ear-nose-throat indications. Pooled results for both indications via meta-analysis showed no association between antibiotics and cardiovascular mortality. There was no significant difference in risk of noncardiovascular or cardiac death between antibiotics postdispensing. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin was not associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death versus amoxicillin-clavulanate among US Veterans.

Burden of influenza hospitalization among high-risk groups in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza poses a substantial clinical and economic burden in the United States and vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with comorbidities, are at elevated risk for influenza-related medical complications. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus claims database in two stages. In Stage 1, we identified patients with evidence of medically-attended influenza during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to May 31, 2018 (latest available data for Stage 1) and used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient characteristics that predicted 30-day influenza-related hospitalization. The findings from Stage 1 informed high-risk subgroups of interest for Stage 2, where we selected cohorts of influenza patients during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to March 1, 2019 and used 1:1 propensity score matching to patients without influenza with similar high-risk characteristics to compare influenza-attributable rates of all-cause hospital and emergency department (ED) visits during follow-up (30-day and in the index influenza season). RESULTS: In Stage 1, more than 1.6 million influenza cases were identified, of which 18,509 (1.2%) had a hospitalization. Elderly age was associated with 9 times the odds of hospitalization (≥65 years vs. 5-17 years; OR = 9.4, 95% CI 8.8-10.1) and select comorbidities were associated with 2-3 times the odds of hospitalization. In Stage 2, elderly influenza patients with comorbidities had 3 to 7 times higher 30-day hospitalization rates compared to matched patients without influenza, including patients with congestive heart failure (41.0% vs.7.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (34.6% vs. 6.1%), coronary artery disease (22.8% vs. 3.8%), and late-stage chronic kidney disease (44.1% vs. 13.1%; all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of influenza-related complications is elevated in the elderly, especially those with certain underlying comorbidities, leading to excess healthcare resource utilization. Continued efforts, beyond currently available vaccines, are needed to reduce influenza burden in high-risk populations.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide among veterans with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a preexisting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis on suicide and non-suicide mortalities among men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and examine potential mediating factors for the relationship between PTSD and suicide. METHODS: We used patient-level data from Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records to identify men (age ≥40 years) diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 and 2014. We used Fine and Gray regression model to estimate the risk for competing mortality outcomes (suicide, non-suicide, and alive). We used structural equation models to evaluate the mediating factors. RESULTS: Our cohort comprised 214,649 men with prostate cancer, of whom 12,208 (5.7%) had a preexisting PTSD diagnosis. Patients with PTSD compared to those without utilized more healthcare services and had lower risk cancer at diagnosis. Additionally, they experienced more suicide deaths (N = 26, 0.21% vs. N = 269, 0.13%) and fewer non-suicide deaths (N = 1399, 11.5% vs. N = 45,625, 22.5%). On multivariable analysis, PTSD was an independent suicide risk factor (HR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.78). Depression, substance use disorder, and any definitive prostate cancer treatment were partial mediators. However, PTSD was associated with lower non-suicide mortality risk (HR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96). CONCLUSION: Patients with PTSD experienced greater suicide risk even after adjusting for important mediators. They may have experienced lower non-suicide mortality risk due to favorable physical health resulting from greater healthcare service use and early diagnosis of lower risk cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of considering psychiatric illnesses when treating patients with prostate cancer and the need for interventions to ameliorate suicide risk.

Implementing Evidence-Based Pressure Injury Prevention Interventions: Veterans Health Administration Quality Improvement Collaborative.

BACKGROUND: Pressure injury prevention is a persistent concern in nursing. The Veterans Health Administration implemented a creative approach with successful outcomes across the United States. PROBLEM: Pressure injury prevention is a measure of nursing quality of care and a high priority in the Veterans Health Administration. METHODS: A 12-month Virtual Breakthrough Series Collaborative utilizing coaching and group calls was conducted to assist long-term and acute care teams with preventing pressure injuries. INTERVENTIONS: Interventions from the Veterans Health Administration Skin Bundle were implemented, including pressure-relieving surfaces, novel turning techniques, specialized dressings, and emollients to prevent skin breakdown. RESULTS: The aggregated pressure injury rate for all teams decreased from Prework to the Action phase from 1.0 to 0.8 per 1000 bed days of care (P = .01). The aggregated pressure injury rates for long-term care units decreased from Prework to Continuous Improvement from 0.8 to 0.4 per 1000 bed days of care (P = .021). CONCLUSION: The Virtual Breakthrough Series helped reduce pressure injuries.

Assessing the prior event rate ratio method via probabilistic bias analysis on a Bayesian network.

BACKGROUND: Unmeasured confounders are commonplace in observational studies conducted using real-world data. Prior event rate ratio (PERR) adjustment is a technique shown to perform well in addressing such confounding. However, it has been demonstrated that, in some circumstances, the PERR method actually increases rather than decreases bias. In this work, we seek to better understand the robustness of PERR adjustment. METHODS: We begin with a Bayesian network representation of a generalized observational study, which is subject to unmeasured confounding. Previous work evaluating PERR performance used Monte Carlo simulation to calculate joint probabilities of interest within the study population. Here, we instead use a Bayesian networks framework. RESULTS: Using this streamlined analytic approach, we are able to conduct probabilistic bias analysis (PBA) using large numbers of combinations of parameters and thus obtain a comprehensive picture of PERR performance. We apply our methodology to a recent study that used the PERR in evaluating elderly-specific high-dose (HD) influenza vaccine in the US Veterans Affairs population. That study obtained an HD relative effectiveness of 25% (95% CI: 2%-43%) against influenza- and pneumonia-associated hospitalization, relative to standard-dose influenza vaccine. In this instance, we find that the PERR-adjusted result is more like to underestimate rather than to overestimate the relative effectiveness of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Although the PERR is a powerful tool for mitigating the effects of unmeasured confounders, it is not infallible. Here, we develop some general guidance for when a PERR approach is appropriate and when PBA is a safer option.

High-dose influenza vaccination and mortality among predominantly male, white, senior veterans, United States, 2012/13 to 2014/15.

IntroductionIt is unclear whether high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) is more effective at reducing mortality among seniors.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD. MethodsWe linked electronic medical record databases in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare administrative files to examine the rVE of HD vs standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD) in preventing influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory mortality among VHA-enrolled veterans 65 years or older during the 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 influenza seasons. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was performed on matched recipients of HD vs SD, based on vaccination time, location, age, sex, ethnicity and VHA priority level. ResultsAmong 569,552 person-seasons of observation, 207,574 (36%) were HD recipients and 361,978 (64%) were SD recipients, predominantly male (99%) and white (82%). Pooling findings from all three seasons, the adjusted rVE estimate of HD vs SD during the high influenza periods was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 24-59) against influenza/pneumonia-associated mortality and 27% (95% CI: 23-32) against cardiorespiratory mortality. Residual confounding was evident in both early and late influenza periods despite matching and multivariable adjustment. Excluding individuals with high 1-year predicted mortality at baseline reduced the residual confounding and yielded rVE of 36% (95% CI: 10-62) and 25% (95% CI: 12-38) against influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory mortality, respectively. These were confirmed by results from two-stage residual inclusion estimations.DiscussionThe HD was associated with a lower risk of influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory death in men during the high influenza period.

Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccines Among Veterans Health Administration Patients.

Background: We examined whether a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine was more efficacious in preventing hospitalizations than a standard-dose vaccine in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) senior population. Methods: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of high dose versus standard dose using a retrospective cohort of VHA patients 65 years of age or older in the 2015-2016 influenza season. To adjust for measured confounders, we matched each high-dose recipient with up to 4 standard-dose recipients vaccinated at the same location within a 2-week period and having 2 or more pre-existing medical comorbidities. We used the previous event rate ratio method (PERR), a type of difference-in-differences analysis, to adjust for unmeasured confounders. Results: We evaluated 104965 standard-dose and 125776 high-dose recipients; matching decreased the population to 49091 standard-dose and 24682 high-dose recipients. The matched, PERR-adjusted rVE was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%-43%) against influenza- or pneumonia-associated hospitalization, 7% (95% CI, -2% to 14%) against all-cause hospitalization, 14% (95% CI, -8% to 32%) against influenza- or pneumonia-associated outpatient visit, 5% (95% CI, 2%-8%) against all-cause outpatient visit, and 38% (95% CI, -5% to 65%) against laboratory-confirmed influenza. Conclusions: In protecting senior VHA patients against influenza- or pneumonia-associated hospitalization, a high-dose influenza vaccine is more effective than a standard-dose vaccine.

Preventing Falls and Fall-Related Injuries in State Veterans Homes: Virtual Breakthrough Series Collaborative.

This article reports on improved processes and outcomes from a virtual breakthrough series quality improvement collaborative to reduce preventable falls and fall-related injuries in 23 State Veterans Homes. Participating teams implemented 24 interventions (process changes); the most common was the postfall huddle. Teams reduced falls and fall-related injuries. This project highlights the importance of leadership support, interdisciplinary team involvement, and collaboration as essential components of fall prevention work.

Impact of The Daily Plan on Length of Stay and Readmission.

The Veterans Health Administration implemented The Daily Plan (TDP) to improve patient safety. We compared length of stay and readmission between intervention and control units. Length of stay decreased for both groups. Readmission rates increased for controls (21.3%-25.0%, P = .02) and barely changed for TDP units (21.7%-22.5%, P = .37). Although there were no efficiency improvements, TDP's ultimate goal was safety. Not all patient safety actions improve efficiency; nonetheless, their value continues.

Strategies to prevent death by suicide: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BackgroundFew randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown decreases in suicide.AimsTo identify interventions for preventing suicide.MethodWe searched EMBASE and Medline from inception until 31 December 2015. We included RCTs comparing prevention strategies with control. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) for suicide using the Peto method.ResultsAmong 8647 citations, 72 RCTs and 6 pooled analyses met inclusion criteria. Three RCTs (n = 2028) found that the World Health Organization (WHO) brief intervention and contact (BIC) was associated with significantly lower odds of suicide (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.42). Six RCTs (n = 1040) of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for suicide prevention and six RCTs of lithium (n = 619) yielded non-significant findings (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-1.03 and OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-1.02, respectively).ConclusionsThe WHO BIC is a promising suicide prevention strategy. No other intervention showed a statistically significant effect in reducing suicide.

Preventing Pressure Ulcers in the Veterans Health Administration Using a Virtual Breakthrough Series Collaborative.

The Veterans Health Administration implemented a Virtual Breakthrough Series to prevent pressure ulcers. The pressure ulcer rate decreased from 1.2 to 0.9 per 1000 bed days of care (P = .017). The most common interventions were education (N = 26; 68%), improved documentation (N = 23; 61%), and the use of equipment and supplies (N = 21; 55%). In summary, this project helped improve pressure ulcer rates in the Veterans Health Administration and presents a promising model for implementing a virtual model for improvement.

The burden of clostridium difficile infection: estimates of the incidence of CDI from U.S. Administrative databases.

BACKGROUND: Many administrative data sources are available to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases, including Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but few publications have compared CDI event rates across databases using similar methodology. We used comparable methods with multiple administrative databases to compare the incidence of CDI in older and younger persons in the United States. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study using three longitudinal data sources (Medicare, OptumInsight LabRx, and Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database (SID)), and two hospital encounter-level data sources (Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Premier Perspective database) to identify CDI in adults aged 18 and older with calculation of CDI incidence rates/100,000 person-years of observation (pyo) and CDI categorization (onset and association). RESULTS: The incidence of CDI ranged from 66/100,000 in persons under 65 years (LabRx), 383/100,000 in elderly persons (SID), and 677/100,000 in elderly persons (Medicare). Ninety percent of CDI episodes in the LabRx population were characterized as community-onset compared to 41 % in the Medicare population. The majority of CDI episodes in the Medicare and LabRx databases were identified based on only a CDI diagnosis, whereas almost ¾ of encounters coded for CDI in the Premier hospital data were confirmed with a positive test result plus treatment with metronidazole or oral vancomycin. Using only the Medicare inpatient data to calculate encounter-level CDI events resulted in 553 CDI events/100,000 persons, virtually the same as the encounter proportion calculated using the NIS (544/100,000 persons). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the incidence of CDI was 35 % higher in the Medicare data and fewer episodes were attributed to hospital acquisition when all medical claims were used to identify CDI, compared to only inpatient data lacking information on diagnosis and treatment in the outpatient setting. The incidence of CDI was 10-fold lower and the proportion of community-onset CDI was much higher in the privately insured younger LabRx population compared to the elderly Medicare population. The methods we developed to identify incident CDI can be used by other investigators to study the incidence of other infectious diseases and adverse events using large generalizable administrative datasets.

Virtual Breakthrough Series, Part 2: Improving Fall Prevention Practices in the Veterans Health Administration.

BACKGROUND: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a Virtual Breakthrough Series (VBTS) collaborative to help prevent falls and fall-related injuries. This project enabled teams to expand program infrastructure, redesign improvement strategies, and enhance program evaluation. METHODS: A VBTS collaborative involves prework, action, and continuous improvement. Actions included educational calls, monthly reports, coaching, and feedback. Evaluation included assessment of interventions, team capacity and infrastructure changes, and rates of falls and fall-related major injuries. RESULTS: Fifty-nine teams completed the project. The majority submitted monthly reports. The average number of interventions per team was 6.66 (range, 1-12; mode = 6). The most frequently implemented changes were staff education; post-fall huddles; data tracking; and classifying falls, handoff communication, and intentional rounding. On a program questionnaire aggregated average summary scores improved from 136.54 (baseline) to 58.26 (follow-up; range, 0-189; p < 0.0001). The mean aggregated fall-related major injury rate for participants decreased from 6.8 to 4.8 per 100,000 bed-days of care (p = 0.02), or 5 major injuries avoided per month. No statistically significant changes occurred for nonparticipants. The mean aggregated fall rate did not change significantly from baseline to follow-up for participants (p = 0.42) or nonparticipants (p = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Teams submitted reports and implemented changes resulting in decreased major injuries related to falls for participating units. Teams also made changes in their fall prevention programs such as classifying how they analyze falls and implementing injury reduction strategies. The approaches used show promise for reducing fall-related harm for inpatients, as well as assisting teams in implementing changes.

Virtual Breakthrough Series, Part 1: Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers in the Veterans Health Administration.

BACKGROUND: In 2014 the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) implemented a Virtual Breakthrough Series (VBTS) collaborative to help VHA facilities prevent hospital-acquired conditions: catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs). METHODS: During the prework phase, participating facilities assembled a multidisciplinary team, assessed their current system for CAUTI or HAPU prevention, and examined baseline data to set improvement aims. The action phase consisted of educational conference calls, coaching, and monthly team reports. Learning was conducted via phone, web-based options, and e-mail. The CAUTI bundle focused on four key principles: (1) avoidance of indwelling urinary catheters, (2) proper insertion technique, (3) proper catheter maintenance, and (4) timely removal of the indwelling catheter. The HAPU bundle focused on assessment and inspection, pressure-relieving surfaces, turning and repositioning, incontinence management, and nutrition/hydration assessment and intervention. RESULTS: For the 18 participating units, the mean aggregated CAUTI rate decreased from 2.37 during the prework phase to 1.06 per 1,000 catheter-days during the action (implementation) phase (p < 0.001); the rate did not change for CAUTI nonparticipating sites. HAPU data were available only for 21 of the 31 participating units, whose mean aggregated HAPU rate decreased from 1.80 to 0.99 from prework to continuous improvement (p < 0.001). Staff education and documentation improvement were the most frequently implemented changes. CONCLUSION: This project helped improve CAUTI and HAPU rates in the VHA and presents a promising model for implementing a virtual model for improvement.

Coronary and Cerebrovascular Events and Exacerbation of Existing Conditions After Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection Among US Veterans: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study.

BACKGROUND: Influenza may contribute to coronary/cerebrovascular events and exacerbate underlying conditions. METHODS: We used self-controlled case series (SCCS) design to analyze data from US Veterans ≥18 years with coronary/cerebrovascular or exacerbation event +/-1 year of lab-confirmed influenza (LCI) during 2010-2018. We estimated the incidence ratio (IR) (95% CI) of the event for risk interval (Days 1-7 post-LCI) versus control interval (all other times +/-1 year of LCI) with fixed-effects conditional Poisson regression. We included biomarker data for mediation analysis. RESULTS: We identified 3439 episodes with coronary/cerebrovascular-related hospitalizations. IRs (95% CI) for LCI risk versus control interval were STEMI 0.6 (0.1, 4.4), NSTEMI 7.3 (5.8, 9.2), ischemic stroke 4.0 (3.0, 5.4), hemorrhagic stroke 6.2 (3.4, 11.5), and coronary spasm 1.3 (0.5, 3.0). IR significantly increased for NSTEMI and ischemic stroke among those ≥ 65 years. IR for NSTEMI and ischemic stroke dropped 26% and 10%, respectively, when white blood cell (WBC) and platelet count were considered. LCI was significantly associated with exacerbation of preexisting asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant association between LCI and hospitalization for NSTEMI, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, the latter possibly due to unaccounted time-varying confounding in SCCS design.

Measuring use of evidence based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.

To improve methods of estimating use of evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in the Veteran's health administration, we evaluated administrative data and note text for patients newly enrolling in six VHA outpatient PTSD clinics in New England during the 2010 fiscal year (n = 1,924). Using natural language processing, we developed machine learning algorithms that mimic human raters in classifying note text. We met our targets for algorithm performance as measured by precision, recall, and F-measure. We found that 6.3 % of our study population received at least one session of evidence-based psychotherapy during the initial 6 months of treatment. Evidence-based psychotherapies appear to be infrequently utilized in VHA outpatient PTSD clinics in New England. Our method could support efforts to improve use of these treatments.

Predictors of Incident Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Positivity in a Veteran Population.

OBJECTIVES: We explored factors related to testing positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify populations most at risk for this airborne pathogen. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the medical record database of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and from public sources. Veterans testing positive were matched in a 1:4 ratio to those at a similar timepoint and local disease burden who remained negative between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for the association of each potential risk factor with a positive test result. RESULTS: A total of 24,843 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were matched with 99,324 controls. Cases and controls were similar in age, sex, ethnicity, and rurality, but cases were more likely to be Black, reside in low-income counties, and suffer from dementia. Multivariable analysis demonstrated highest risk for Black veterans, those with dementia or diabetes, and those living in nursing homes or high-poverty areas. Veterans living in counties likely to be more adherent to public health guidelines were at the lowest risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are similar to those from studies of other populations and add to that work by accounting for several important proxies for risk. In particular, this work has implications for the value of infection control measures at the population level in helping to stem widespread outbreaks of this type.

VA Big Data Science: A Model for Improved National Pandemic Response Present and Future.

Background: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) enterprise approach to research (VA Research) has built a data-sharing framework available to all research teams within VA. Combined with robust analytic systems and tools available for investigators, VA Research has produced actionable results during the COVID-19 pandemic. Big data science techniques applied to VA's health care data demonstrate that medical research can be performed quickly and judiciously during nationwide health care emergencies. Observations: We envision a common framework of data collection, management, and surveillance implemented in partnership with other health care agencies that would capture even broader, actionable, and timely observational data on populations, while providing opportunities for enhanced collaborative research across agencies. This model should be continued and expanded through the current COVID-19 and future pandemics. Conclusions: Extending the achievements of VA Research in the COVID-19 pandemic to date, we advocate national goals of open science by working toward a synergistic national framework of anonymized, synchronized, shared health data that would provide researchers with potent tools to combat future public health crises.