[Analysis on reproductive health service, demographics and characteristics of internal migrant population in three municipalities of China].

Objective: To investigate the utilization of reproductive health services and relating factors among internal migrant population in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. Methods: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted in this cross-sectional study, conducted in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing from August 2014 to August 2015. Standard methods on statistics and nonlinear canonical correlation were applied. Results: Out of the 6 545 internal migrant persons, 41.76% ever used the reproductive health services in the past year. Results from the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis revealed that the utilization of reproductive health services was correlated with the demographic features (=0.28, P<0.000 1) and characteristics of the population mobility (=0.21, P<0.000 1), respectively. For the above said demographic features, canonical variable L(1) which represented the demographic features was mainly determined by area, occupation and education attainment. Canonical variable M(1) that reflected the utilization of reproductive health services, was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives, education on contraception/reproductive health, and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care. As for the characteristics of the population mobility, canonical variable U(1), which represented population mobility characteristics, was mainly determined by factors as purpose of migration, current pattern of residence and the length of annual stay in the area. Again, the canonical variable V(1), reflecting the use of reproductive health services was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives, check-up on reproductive tract infection, education on contraception/reproductive health, and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care. Conclusions: The utilization of reproductive health services was low among the internal migrant population under study. Responsible departments for health and family planning in those cities should make internal migrants attach importance to reproductive health.

Intra-operative blood loss and operating time in orthognathic surgery using induced hypotensive general anaesthesia: prospective study.

We investigated the average operating time and extent of intra-operative blood loss in orthognathic surgeries performed using induced hypotensive general anaesthesia, with the intention of devising a practical guideline for blood unit preparation for these procedures. We prospectively studied 32 Chinese patients undergoing surgery to correct dentofacial deformities at a public hospital in Hong Kong from 1 December 1997 to 1 December 1998. Most patients (72. 4%) needed double-jaw surgery. The mean estimated blood loss was approximately 617.6 mL. The blood loss during simple Le Fort I osteotomies was about half that of multiple segmentalised osteotomies. For mandibular ramus osteotomies, the mean blood loss and operating time for were approximately 280 mL and 2 hours, respectively; for anterior mandibular osteotomies, the corresponding values were 171.3 mL and 1 hour 13 minutes. The average drop in the haematocrit value was 15.4%, and the crossmatch to transfusion ratio was 29. A bivariate correlation test between the blood loss and operating time gave a strong correlation (P<0.01), as did blood loss with a drop in haematocrit value (P<0.01). Orthognathic surgeries are thus safe and predictable in terms of intra-operative blood loss and operating time, and a 'type, screen, and save' policy for blood unit preparation is more appropriate than a 'crossmatch' policy.

5-phenyl-2-furamidines: a new chemical class of potential antidepressants.

A series of 5-phenyl-2-furamidines has been synthesized and evaluated for antidepressant activities. Substitution in the phenyl ring with a nitro (4) or an amino (12) group in the ortho-position resulted in an increase in antidepressant activity. Both 4 and 12 antagonized tetrabenazine-induced ptosis in rodents and inhibited norepinephrine (noradrenaline) uptake into crude synaptosomes of whole mouse brain at doses or concentrations comparable to those of the tricyclic antidepressants. However, these compounds did not possess the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities common to tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, they lacked monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity. The 5-phenyl-2-furamidines represent a new chemical class of antidepressants and may be useful for depressive patients who cannot tolerate the compromising side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.