[Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer patients with obstructive jaundice].

Objective: Objective To analyze the relationship between the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients with obstructive jaundice and various clinical and pathological factors. Methods: A case series study was conducted, where clinical data from pancreatic cancer patients with obstructive jaundice, who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between March 2022 and May 2023, were retrospectively gathered. Factors potentially affecting patient prognosis were initially analyzed using univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model for selected factors. A P-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: The study included 104 patients, comprising 69 males and 35 females, with a median age of 62 years (ranging from 38 to 85 years). Of these, 76 patients (73.1%) were followed until death, with a median survival time of 8.9 (6.2,11.5) months. The number of deaths versus surviving cases at 6 and 12 months were 20/75 and 64/14, respectively, resulting in estimated survival rates of 79.6% and 22.8%. Univariate analysis identified factors such as weight loss, primary site, TNM stage, liver metastasis, number of organs with tumor, stage at which jaundice appeared, CA19-9 levels, albumin levels, and D-dimer levels as significant in influencing prognosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed TNM stage, number of organs with tumor, method of jaundice treatment, albumin levels, and D-dimer levels as independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). Conclusion: In pancreatic cancer patients presenting with obstructive jaundice, close monitoring of weight loss, primary site, TNM stage, liver metastasis, number of organs with tumor, the timing of jaundice occurrence, method of jaundice treatment, CA19-9, albumin, and D-dimer levels is crucial, as these factors may significantly impact the patient's survival and prognosis.

[The efficacy and safety of computed tomography-guided percutaneous cryoablation for malignant liver tumors at high-risk sites].

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation in treating malignant liver tumors located explicitly at high-risk sites. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patients with malignant liver tumors undergoing percutaneous cryoablation at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and December 2021. In all, 46 patients with malignant liver tumors at non-high-risk sites were matched 1∶1 according to the maximum tumor diameter. Technical success rate, complete ablation rate, and complications at 12 and 24 months post-surgery were evaluated. A statistical analysis of the ablation effect difference between the high-risk site and non-high-risk site groups was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors. Results: Both groups demonstrated a 100% intraoperative technical success rate, and no major complications related to cryoablation were observed. The complete ablation rate was 82.6% (38/46) and 71.7% (33/46) in the high-risk group and 84.8% (39/46) and 73.9% (34/46) in the non-high-risk group at 12 and 24 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in complete ablation rates between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified the distance between the tumor edge and high-risk site ≤5 mm and preoperative trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment as independent risk factors for cryoablation effect. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a safe and effective approach for patients with malignant liver tumor at high-risk sites. Our results emphasize the importance of proper preoperative planning and intraoperative manipulation.

[Analysis of the experience and procedural complications of trans-radial access versus trans-femoral access for hepatic arterial perfusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatic malignancies:a retrospective study].

Objective: To analyze the differences between trans-radial access (TRA) and trans-femoral access (TFA) in hepatic arterial perfusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in terms of patient experience, postoperative complications, and patient preferences; explore whether TRA in HAIC is associated with better patient experience and compliance; and determine whether it is safer than TFA. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases from colorectal cancer treated with HAIC. We enrolled a total of 91 patients with advanced liver malignancies treated with HAIC from November 2022 to May 2023 in the Department of Interventional Therapy and Hepatobiliary Medicine at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups: group TRA (n=20, receiving TRA HAIC only), group TFA (n=33, receiving TFA HAIC only), and crossover group [n=19, receiving TFA HAIC (Cross-TFA group) first, followed by TRA HAIC (Cross-TRA group)]. Meanwhile, to facilitate the expression of partial results, all patients receiving TRA HAIC were defined as the TRA-HAIC group (n=39, TRA+Cross-TRA group), and all patients receiving TFA HAIC were defined as the TFA-HAIC group (n=52, TFA+Cross-TFA group). The primary research index was the Quality of Life (QOL) visualization scale score. The secondary research index included approach-related and catheter-related adverse events, duration of surgery, and mean length of patient stay. We used various statistical methods such as Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, univariate logistic regression analysis, and multi-factor analysis. Results: TRA patients had significantly lower QOL scores than TFA patients (all P<0.001). The QOL scores of the Cross-TRA group were significantly lower than those of the Cross-TFA group (pain at the puncture site Z=-3.24, P=0.001, others P<0.001). The QOL scores of the Cross-TRA group were compared with those of the TRA group, which showed that the scores of the Cross-TRA group in overall discomfort (Z=-3.07,P=0.002), postoperative toilet difficulty (Z=-2.12, P=0.034), and walking difficulty (Z=-2.58, P=0.010) were significantly lower than those of the TRA group. Satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the Cross-TRA group than in the Cross-TFA group (Z=-3.78, P<0.001), and patients were more likely to receive TRA HAIC as the next procedure (χ2=30.42, P<0.001). In terms of mean length of stay, patients receiving TRA HAIC had a significantly lower mean length of stay than those receiving TFA HAIC (50.1±3.2 h vs. 58.4±6.4 h, t=7.98, P<0.001). The incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) as an approach-related adverse event was 15.4% (6/39) in the TRA-HAIC group, which was significantly higher than that in the TFA-HAIC group (15.4% vs. 0, χ2=8.56, P=0.005). Notably, multifactorial analysis of RAO-related factors showed that intraoperative enoxaparin use and patency of radial artery flow during pressure were significantly associated with a reduced risk of postoperative RAO (P=0.037 for enoxaparin use and P=0.049 for pressure). Conclusions: With respect to procedure approach, TRA was significantly better than TFA in terms of patient satisfaction and mean length of stay. Through further process optimization and prevention of adverse reactions, the incidence of adverse reactions can be maintained at a relatively low level, so that patients can benefit from TRA in future operations in terms of cost-effectiveness and medical efficiency.

[Risk factors of pancreatitis after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic cancer and obstructive jaundice].

Objective: To explore the risk factors and preventive strategies of pancreatitis after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with pancreatic cancer and obstructive jaundice. Methods: A total of 241 patients were retrospectively analyzed from May 2001 to October 2014 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. The possibly correlated 9 factors were analyzed, including gender, age, hemoglobin level, total bilirubin level, degree of pancreatic duct dilatation, degree of pancreatic atrophy, degree of biliary stenosis, the pancreatic duct visualization, and drainage mode. Results: Univariate analysis suggested that pancreatic duct dilatation, pancreatic atrophy, visualized pancreatic duct and drainage mode were associated with the incidence of pancreatitis after PTBD (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that visualization of pancreatic duct (OR=6.33) was a risk factor for pancreatitis, while pancreatic duct dilatation (OR=0.14), pancreatic atrophy (OR=0.12) and external drainage (OR=0.11) were protective factors for pancreatitis. Conclusion: In pateints with pancreatic cancer and obstructive jaundice, pancreatic duct dilatation and pancreatic atrophy predict low risk of pancreatitis after PTBD,while intraoperative pancreatic duct visualization and internal or external drainage may increase the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis.

[Preliminary study on the expression of MIF in HCC tissues and its relationship with ERK1/2 signaling pathway].

Objective: To investigate the expression of Macrophage migration-inhibitory factors (MIF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its interaction with ERK1/2 signaling pathway, so as to establish a theoretical basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of MIF promoting HCC. Methods: From February 2020 to August 2021, 52 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues based on hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 52 cases of adjacent tissues in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were collected as the experimental group, including 39 males and 13 females, aged 35-65 years. And 20 cases of normal liver tissue were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in liver tissues of the two groups, and in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 nucleic acid in liver tissues of the two groups.HepG2 HCC cells and L-02 normal hepatocytes were co-cultured with different concentrations of rMIF, the expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 proteins in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by Western-blot, and the expression levels of ERK1/2 nucleic acids in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for measurement data and χ2 test was used for counting data. Results: The expressions of MIF, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA were significantly increased in HCC and para-cancer tissues (the expression of MIF in HCC group was 78.8%, and that in adjacent group was 75.0%; ERK1/2 80.8% in HCC group and ERK1/2 71.8% in paracancerous group. The expression of p-ERK1/2 75.0 % in HCC group and 46.2% in paracancerous group were respectively detected. ERK1/2 mRNA was expressed in HCC group 76.9%, ERK1/2 mRNA expression in paracancerous group 78.8%), and the differences were statistically significant compared with normal liver tissues (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HCC and para-cancer tissues (P>0.05). The expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA in HepG2 HCC cells were significantly increased with the increase of rMIF concentration, and the increase was most obvious when rMIF concentration was 200 ng/ml, and the difference was statistically significant compared with L-02 normal hepatocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 are highly expressed in HCC tissues and HepG2 HCC cells, suggesting that MIF promotes the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

[Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and prognosis-related genes during the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To screen and analyze the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues using bioinformatics methods to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: GSE76427 data set was collected through GEO database, and DEGs were identified using GEO2R online analysis. Go and KEGG databases were used for enrichment and functional annotation of DEGs. Protein interaction network was built based on the STRING database and Cytoscape software to analyze the key genes of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the survival curve of these key genes were analyzed using the GEPIA database. Results: A total of 74 hepatocellular carcinoma DEGs were screened, of which 3 and 71 were up-and-down-regulated genes. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell response to cadmium and zinc ions, negative growth regulation, heterologous metabolic processes and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the down-regulated DEGs pathway were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 metabolizing xenobiotics, tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism. Protein interaction network had screened out 10 down-regulated core genes: MT1G, MT1F, MT1X, MT1E, MT1H, insulin-like growth factor 1, FOS, CXCL12, EGR1, and BGN. Among them, the insulin-like growth factor 1 was related to the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis results of HCC chip data showed that 10 key genes may play a key role in the occurrence and development of HCC and the insulin like growth factor 1 is associated with the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma to construct miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA regulatory network].

Objective: This study analyzes the expression level of miR-1180-3p and constructs the regulatory network of relevant ceRNA by integrating the DNA methylation and gene expression profile of hepatocellular carcinoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: Firstly, the expression level of miR-1180-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissues was analyzed by TCGA database, and the differential expression of lncrna and mRNA was screened. Secondly, the LncBase database and the TargetScan database were used to predict the relationship between miR-1180-3p and lncRNA and mRNA, and the DNA methylation-mediated lncRNA was screened by the DNA methylation profile of lncRNA. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA network, and WebGestalt website was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis of related mRNA in ceRNA. Results: Compared with patients with low expression of miR-1180-3p (mean overall survival duration, 5.69 ± 0.35 years), patients with high expression of miR-1180-3p had shorter overall survival time (mean overall survival duration, 3.99 ± 0.47 years), indicating that the high expression of miR-1180-3p was hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor affecting the prognosis (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.1 ~ 1.5, P < 0.01). A miR-1180-3p related ceRNA regulatory network was constructed in this study, which contained 2 lncRNAs (F11-AS1 and LINC01511) and 37 mRNAs. Conclusion: This study has successfully constructed miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA regulatory network, and DNA methylation-mediated F11-AS1 and F11-AS1/miR-1180-3p/C11of54 ceRNA regulatory axis has played an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Application of dexmedetomidine in radiofrequency ablation of liver tumor].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine as a basic analgesic sedative for patients with radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. Methods: A total of 443 liver cancer patients underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the 302 Hospital of PLA from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively studied. The experimental group was dexmedetomidine group, with a total of 165 cases. The control group was pethidine group with a total of 278 cases. The indexes of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of two groups were collected before and after operation, and the VAS score and incidence of nausea and adverse reactions were recorded. Results: The results of the experimental group added dose of pethidine (64.6 mg) lower than that of the control group pethidine dose (90.8 mg), the difference was statistically significant (Z=-10.205 3, P<0.01). The experimental group and the control group with VAS score average value was not statistically significant(Z=1.801 9, P=0.076), group two with 4 points for the critical point of the stratification, more than 4 points and<4 group comparison, the test group VAS score greater than 4 were significantly lower than the control group (χ(2)=7.05, P=0.007 9). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group were significantly lower than those before operation (P<0.01), while the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the control group significantly increased compared with those before operation. Dexmedetomidine has the effect of stabilizing hemodynamics. The heart rate of the two groups decreased, and the rate of heart rate decreased in the experimental group. In addition, dexmedetomidine did not significantly increase the incidence of nausea and vomiting compared with the control group. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is safe and effective as a basic drug for analgesic and sedative in patients with liver tumor radiofrequency ablation.

[Evaluating the efficacy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and impulse oscillometry in screening out cough variant asthma from patients with subacute cough].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and impulse oscillometry (IOS) in screening out cough variant asthma (CVA) from patients with subacute cough. Methods: Patients with subacute cough were included from the outpatient department of Respiratory Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from May to October in 2016. Based on "the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cough (2015 edition)" , patients were classified into CVA group, and non CVP group with other causes of subacute cough. Lung function, bronchial provocation test, FeNO and IOS were measured. The diagnostic efficiency and optimal cut-off points of FeNO and IOS indicators to diagnose CVA from subacute cough were respectively assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: A total of 85 patients with subacute cough were included. Among them, 35 patients were diagnosed with CVA (CVA group), the others are classified as non CVP group (n=50). In CVA group, the levels of FeNO and total respiratory impedance (Zrs) were significantly higher, while maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF)%pred, and mid expiratory flow (MEF)75/50/25%pred, reactance at 5 Hz (X5) levels were significantly lower than those in non CVP group (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the FeNO had a positive correlation with Zrs and Fres (ρ=0.312, P=0.003 and ρ=0.318, P=0.003, respectively), had a negative correlation with X5 (ρ=-0.288, P=0.007). A ROC analysis indicated that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of FeNO in diagnosis of CVA was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.684-0.889), the best cut-off point of FeNO volume ratio was 24.5×10(-9). When FeNO volume ratio=24.5×10(-9,) the sensitivity of in diagnosing CVA was 77.8%, specificity was 70.0%. The AUC for Zrs and X5 were 0.679 and 0.687, respectively. The combination of FeNO and X5 had a greater AUC than other indicators (AUC: 0.817, 95% CI: 0.726-0.908), the sensitivity and specificity were 80.6% and 66.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Both FeNO level and IOS index can be used to screen CVA in patients with subacute cough, and the combination of both have better value in diagnosing CVA.

[Clinical characteristics of 13 neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients].

Objective: To explore the radiological, pathological features and clinical characteristics of neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients(NEPC). Methods: The clinical characteristics and pathology data of 13 neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2004 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of all 13 patients, three cases were primally diagnosed small cell cancer, and 10 cases were translated to neuroendocrine type from adenocarcinoma after endocrine therapy. Frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, and dysuria were main symptoms. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was (14.5±3.2)µg/L; the volume of prostate was enlarged, mean volume, range 28-176(45±4)ml. The lesion was moderately low signal intensity in T(2)WI, while slightly higher signal in DWI. Signal characteristic of dynamic enhanced MRI was "fast in fast out" . The expression of Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A , CD56 and Ki-67 in NEPC were highly expressed by immunohistochemistry analysis. Among them, five patients accepted intravenous chemotherapy, two cases received external radiation therapy, three cases received cryoablation and three cases received palliative therapy. Median survival time in all 13 patients was 10 months, while median survival time in patients treated by chemotherapy was 16 months . Conclusion: NEPC is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer characterized by rapid disease progression, lack of treatment and worse prognosis. Therefore, patients with NEPC may benefit from early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment with chemotherapy.

[Effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound on apoptosis-associated gene expression in xenografts with human pancreatic cancer].

Objective: To identify the expression of apoptosis-associated genes of high- intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) in xenograft with human pancreatic cancer. Methods: Mice implated with human pancreatic cancer cells (YY-1) were divided into HIFU group or control group. Tumor cell apoptosis was verified by TUNEL. The expression of the apoptosis-associated genes was analyzed by Agilent Human Gene Expression. Selected genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR)and Western blot. Results: The rate of tumor cell apoptosis in HIFU group was higher than that of control group at 7, 14 days after HIFU treatment ((63.6%±15.2%)vs (19.0%±2.4%), P<0.01)and ((41.4%±7.3%)vs(18.0%±2.4%), P<0.01). Gene expression profiling revealed a total of 69 differentially expressed genes in related to apoptosis pathway, among which 44 genes were up-regulated, and 25 genes down-regulated. The RT-PCR results of selected 4 genes were consistent with those of gene expression profiling. The results of Western blot analysis at 7, 14 days after HIFU treatment showed that the expressions level of Bax protein in HIFU group was greater that of in control group ((0.39±0.11)vs (0.20±0.09), P<0.05)and ((0.46±0.12)vs(0.24±0.10), P<0.05), while the expressions level of Bcl-2 protein in HIFU group was lower than that of in control group ((0.68±0.14)vs(1.56±0.21), P<0.05)and((0.51±0.16)vs(1.57±0.22), P<0.05). Conclusions: HIFU could induce apoptosis and results in dramatic changes in gene expression, indicating that multiple pathways are involved. Although intrinsic pathway might be predominantly involved in HIFU-elicited apoptosis, further research is needed to clarify the detailed mechanisms.

Nurse-led educational interventions on cancer pain outcomes for oncology outpatients: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Cancer pain management is still unsatisfactory, although some effective guidelines exist. Educational interventions are reported to be useful in pain relief for oncology outpatients. AIM: The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the effects of nurse-led educational interventions on improving cancer pain outcomes for oncology patients, and to establish an effective cancer pain protocol for clinical nursing practice in China. METHODS: A three-step search strategy was utilized. Eight databases were searched using the standards provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute that guided article selection, critical appraisal, data collection and data synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 1093 studies were identified through a literature search. Only six studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were found to be methodologically sound. In general, the included studies indicated positive results pertaining to patient's knowledge and attitudes towards analgesics and cancer pain management and decreased pain intensity. Studies reported minimal effects of intervention on anxiety, depression, satisfaction regarding cancer pain management and patient's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions were reported as effective methods to improve cancer pain outcomes. Analysis of the six included studies demonstrated the overall positive effects of nurse-led educational interventions for improving cancer pain management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The results suggest that an effective cancer pain protocol for improving cancer pain management can be established in China.

Serum levels of high-sensitivity troponin T: a novel marker for left ventricular remodeling and performance in hypertensive subjects.

It has been well established that high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) is a specific and highly sensitive marker in acute coronary syndromes. On the other hand, studies on serum concentrations of hs-TnT in patients with hypertension in the absence of significant coronary stenosis are limited. Therefore, we hypothesized that hs-TnT levels are related to left ventricular (LV) remodeling and performance in hypertension. We included 537 hemodynamically stable hypertensive subjects, 247 males aged 60.7 ± 11.1 years, and 100 normotensive subjects of similar age and gender. Clinical examination, clinical assessment and laboratory assays were performed for all hypertensive and normotensive subjects. The detectable rate (>0.003 ng/mL) and elevated rate (>0.013 ng/mL) of hs-TnT were higher in hypertensive subjects than those in normotensive subjects. hs-TnT level gradually increased in hypertensive subjects with LV normal geometry, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy. hs-TnT was independently related to age, gender, hypertension, fasting blood glucose, renal function, and LV hypertrophy, and diastolic function on multiple analysis during the whole participation. An increase in hs-TnT levels could be a reliable biomarker of cardiac remodeling and function in hypertension, as an indicator of subclinical ongoing cardiomyocyte injury.

Meta-analysis demonstrates lack of a relationship between XRCC1-399 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma.

XRCC1-399 allele polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the conclusions of the various studies have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of available studies to determine whether XRCC1-399 alleles influence susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. We searched English-language databases, including PubMed, Medline and Embase, using terms such as "hepatocellular carcinoma" (or "HCC"), "X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1" (or "XRCC1") and "genetic polymorphism" (or "SNP"), among others; we also searched Chinese-language databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, and CBM, using terms such as "ganai", "ganxibaoai", "ganzhongliu", "duotaixing", and "X-xian xiufu jiaocha hubu jiyin 1". Eight independent studies, including 1604 HCC cases and 2185 controls, were included. The pooled odds ratio for XRCC1-399 was 0.99 (95% confidence interval = 0.75-1.31). We conclude that XRCC1- 399 gene polymorphisms are unrelated to risk for HCC.

[The application of temporalis muscle flap in the salvage nasopharyngectomy for advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To summarize the application of temporalis muscle flap in the salvage nasopharyngectomy for advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC), and to provide guidance for the repair of extensive skull base defects in salvage rNPC. Methods: A total of 54 patients with the application of temporalis muscle flap in the salvage nasopharyngectomy for advanced rNPC were retrospectively analyzed, including 42 males and 12 females, aging from 29 to 71 years. There were 36 patients with rT3 and 18 patients with rT4. The surgical methods of temporalis muscle flap repair were summarized. The general situation, survival time and postoperative complications of patients were recorded, and the advantages and disadvantages of temporalis muscle flap were discussed. Results: The temporal muscle flap could completely cover the defect area of nasopharynx and skull base, without the need for other autologous repair materials. The follow-up period was 2 to 28 months. The survival rate of temporalis flap was 98.1% (53/54). The 1-year overall survival rate was 84.5% while 1-year progression-free survival rate was 49.0%. None of the patients had facial nerve injury. Three patients (5.6%) had necrosis of the cranial membrane required surgical intervention and four patients (7.4%) required a chonoplasty due to severe chonostril stenosis or chonostril atresia. Eleven cases (20.4%) had mouth opening restriction, chewing weakness, dysphagia and other eating difficulties. Conclusions: Temporalis muscle flap is an alternative flap for the salvage nasopharyngectomy for advanced rNPC. Temporal muscle flap shows high survival rate and wide coverage, but the surgeon should apprehend the possible complications and reduce the occurrence of them.

[The endoscopic transnasal approach in management of the sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the endoscopic transnasal approach (ETA) and to analyze the outcomes and factors of this surgical technique in the management of the tumor invading the anterior skull base. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients (31 males and 11 females, with mean age of 49 years) with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base, who underwent ETA from June 2015 to April 2019 in Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University. Pathologically, there were 15 cases of squamous carcinoma (14 patients with T4bN0M0 and 1 patient with T4bN1M0) and 27 of olfactory neuroblastomas with Kadish stage C. Anterior skull base reconstruction was performed using the vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap and fascia lata. Brain non-contrast-enhanced CT was performed on the first postoperative day to exclude massive pneumocephalus, relevant brain edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sinonasal contrast-enhanced MR was performed to assess the extent of the tumor removal. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors. Results: The mean duration of the surgery was 452 minutes. Total resection was performed in 36 patients (85.7%), subtotal resection in 2 patients (4.8%) with orbital involvement, partial resection in one patient (2.4%) with injury of the internal carotid artery. One patient (2.4%) underwent the second resection because of the tumor residual, two patients (4.8%) with unsure tumor residual. Mean follow-up was 20 months, with 17 months of median follow-up. One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.5%, 76.9% and 64.5%, respectively. For squamous carcinoma, one-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.2%, 86.2% and 57.4%, respectively. For olfactory neuroblastomas, One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.9%, 75.3% and 67.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor residual (P=0.001) and recurrence (P<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: The ETA is safe and feasible in selected patients with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base. Tumor residual and recurrence are independent prognostic factors for survival.

Sirtinol attenuates hepatic injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have demonstrated that sirtinol administration following adverse circulatory conditions is known to be protective, the mechanism by which sirtinol produces the salutary effects remains unknown. We hypothesized that sirtinol administration in male rats following trauma-hemorrhage decreases cytokine production and protects against hepatic injury. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure 40 mmHg for 90 min, then resuscitation). A single dose of sirtinol (1 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle was administered intravenously during resuscitation. Twenty-four hours thereafter, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a marker of neutrophil sequestration), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-3, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the liver and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were measured (n=6 Sprague-Dawley rats/group). RESULTS: Trauma-hemorrhage increased hepatic MPO activity, CINC-1, CINC-3, ICAM-1, and IL-6 levels and plasma ALT concentrations. These parameters were significantly improved in the sirtinol-treated rats subjected to trauma-hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The salutary effects of sirtinol administration on attenuation of hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage are, at least in part, related to reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators.