Simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its two metabolites in corn under field conditions by LC-MS/MS.

OBJECTIVE: An improved QuEChERS method was established and verified for simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites diketonitrile and benzoic acid analogue residues in corn and plants. This method was mainly used to study the digestion rule and final residue level of isoxaflutole and its metabolites in corn and plants. It was hoped that the safe use of isoxaflutole in corn can be achieved eventually. METHOD: The method was completed by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The extraction of the target substance was through acetonitrile solution containing 1% acetic acid, and the purification was through primary secondary amine, octadecylsilane and graphitized carbon black sorbent. RESULTS: In the method, the quantitative limits and detection limits of the three analytes were 0.005-0.01 and 0.001-0.003 mg kg-1 respectively. The half-life of isoxaflutole in the plants in Shandong and Anhui was 36.4 and 42.1 days respectively, and the digestion dynamics all conformed to the first-order kinetics. The final residues of isoxaflutole in green corn and mature corn were less than 0.02 mg kg-1 of the maximum residue limit set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. CONCLUSIONS: The residual amount of isoxaflutole in corn and plants at harvest time was acceptable when isoxaflutole was applied once at a dose of 121.5 g a.i. ha-1 . © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comprehensive gastroenterology endoscopy unit workflow and infection prevention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience with 159 cases in Wuhan, China.

During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, the gastroenterology department of our hospital performed gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures using strict infection control measures. Thorough screening of incoming patients, separation of diagnostic and treatment areas, regional management, hierarchical protection, disinfection protocols, and other measures were enforced to prevent virus transmission during endoscopic treatments. During the COVID-19 pandemic, between February and March 2020, 159 endoscopic examinations and treatments were performed, including emergency endoscopy for 17 patients. Among these, seven patients were either previously infected with or were suspected carriers of the virus. Using the aforementioned control measures, we did not encounter a single case of cross-infection or infection among the patients or staff. The presented protocols may provide valuable insight regarding how to protect gastroenterology endoscopy units during the novel coronavirus disease pandemic.

Identifying Metabolic Perturbations and Toxic Effects of Rac-Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M in Mice Using Integrative NMR and UPLC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics.

Although metabolic perturbations are sensitive indicators for low-dose toxic effects, the metabolic mechanisms affected by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mammals from a metabolic profiling perspective remain unclear. In this study, the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mice were carefully investigated using integrative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. Histopathology, NMR-based untargeted urine profile, multivariate pattern recognition, metabolite identification, pathway analysis, UPLC-MS/MS based targeted serum amino acids, and tryptophan pathway analysis were determined after rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure, individually. Histopathology indicated that metalaxyl-M induced greater hepatocellular inflammatory, necrosis, and vacuolation in mice than rac-metalaxyl at the same exposure dosage. The metabolic perturbations induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were directly separated using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Furthermore, metabolite identification and pathway analysis indicated that rac-metalaxyl mainly induced ten urine metabolite changes and four pathway fluctuations. However, metalaxyl-M induced 19 urine metabolite changes and six pathway fluctuations. Serum amino acids and tryptophan pathway metabolite changes induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were also different even at the same exposure level. Such results may provide specific insight into the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M, and contribute to providing available data for health risk assessments of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at a metabolomics level.

The Effect of Timing on the Treatment and Outcome of Combined Fourth and Fifth Carpometacarpal Fracture Dislocations.

PURPOSE: In this study, we designed a prospective project to test the hypothesis that acute fourth and fifth carpometacarpal (CMC) fracture dislocations can be treated conservatively with good restoration of strength, range of motion (ROM), and function, whereas patients with delayed treatment of fourth and fifth CMC fracture dislocations should be treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS: We evaluated the results of 20 patients with acute and 6 patients with subacute fourth and fifth CMC fracture dislocations. All 20 acute CMC fracture dislocations were treated conservatively, whereas 3 of the 6 patients with subacute injuries underwent operative intervention. The sensibility, ROM, and grip strength of the hands were tested during 1-year follow-up. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and control radiographs were also taken. RESULTS: All 20 patients with acute CMC fracture dislocations showed good restoration of grip strength, ROM, and function, with an average Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score of 98 ± 2 at 1-year follow-up. Patients with delayed diagnosis who underwent conservative treatment had noticeable deformity of their injured hands, pain complaints, limited ROM at the fourth and fifth CMC joints, and decreased grip strength. The 3 patients with delayed diagnosis treated with ORIF showed good restoration of grip strength, ROM, and function. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute CMC fracture dislocations can be treated by closed reduction with good restoration of grip strength, ROM, and function. In patients with delayed presentation of CMC fracture dislocations, we recommend ORIF. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Associations between the dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of hip fracture in elderly Chinese: a case-control study.

The role of oxidative stress in skeletal health is unclear. The present study investigated whether a high dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients (vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, animal-derived vitamin A, retinol equivalents, Zn and Se) is associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture in elderly Chinese. This 1:1 matched case-control study involved 726 elderly Chinese with hip fracture and 726 control subjects, recruited between June 2009 and May 2013. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to determine habitual dietary intakes of the above-mentioned seven nutrients based on a seventy-nine-item FFQ and information on various covariates, and an antioxidant score was calculated. After adjustment for potential covariates, dose-dependent inverse associations were observed between the dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, ß-carotene, and Se and antioxidant score and the risk of hip fracture (P for trend ≤ 0·005). The OR of hip fracture for the highest (v. lowest) quartile of intake were 0·39 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·56) for vitamin C, 0·23 (95 % CI 0·16, 0·33) for vitamin E, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·73) for ß-carotene, 0·43 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·70) for Se and 0·24 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·36) for the antioxidant score. A moderate-to-high dietary intake of retinol equivalents in quartiles 2-4 (v. 1) was found to be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture (OR range: 0·51-0·63, P< 0·05). No significant association was observed between dietary Zn or animal-derived vitamin A intake and hip fracture risk (P for trend >0·20). In conclusion, a higher dietary intake of vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, and Se and a moderate-to-high dietary intake of retinol equivalents are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in elderly Chinese.

Fast Clustering With Anchor Guidance.

Clustering aims to partition a set of objects into different groups through the internal nature of these objects. Most existing methods face intractable hyper-parameter problems triggered by various regularization terms, which degenerates the applicability of models. Moreover, traditional graph clustering methods always encounter the expensive time overhead. To this end, we propose a Fast Clustering model with Anchor Guidance (FCAG). The proposed model not only avoids trivial solutions without extra regularization terms, but is also suitable to deal with large-scale problems by utilizing the prior knowledge of the bipartite graph. Moreover, the proposed FCAG can cope with out-of-sample extension problems. Three optimization methods Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) method, Iteratively Re-Weighted (IRW) algorithm and Coordinate Descent (CD) algorithm are proposed to solve FCAG. Extensive experiments verify the superiority of the optimization method CD. Besides, compared with other bipartite graph models, FCAG has the better performance with the less time cost. In addition, we prove through theory and experiment that when the learning rate of PGD tends to infinite, PGD is equivalent to IRW.

Parameter-Insensitive Min Cut Clustering With Flexible Size Constrains.

Clustering is a fundamental topic in machine learning and various methods are proposed, in which K-Means (KM) and min cut clustering are typical ones. However, they may produce empty or skewed clustering results, which are not as expected. In KM, the constrained clustering methods have been fully studied while in min cut clustering, it still needs to be developed. In this paper, we propose a parameter-insensitive min cut clustering with flexible size constraints. Specifically, we add lower limitations on the number of samples for each cluster, which can perfectly avoid the trivial solution in min cut clustering. As far as we are concerned, this is the first attempt of directly incorporating size constraints into min cut. However, it is a NP-hard problem and difficult to solve. Thus, the upper limits is also added in but it is still difficult to solve. Therefore, an additional variable that is equivalent to label matrix is introduced in and the augmented Lagrangian multiplier (ALM) is used to decouple the constraints. In the experiments, we find that the our algorithm is less sensitive to lower bound and is practical in image segmentation. A large number of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

Qianggu Decoction Alleviated Osteoporosis by Promoting Osteogenesis of BMSCs through Mettl3-Mediated m6A Methylation.

Osteoporosis development is linked to abnormal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a prevalent mRNA modification, is known to influence BMSCs' osteogenic capacity. Qianggu decoction (QGD), a traditional Chinese medicine for osteoporosis, has unknown effects on BMSCs differentiation. This study investigates QGD's impact on BMSCs and its potential to ameliorate osteoporosis through m6A regulation. Using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, it is evaluated QGD's antiosteoporotic effects through micro-CT, histology, Western blotting, and osteoblastogenesis markers. QGD is found to enhance bone tissue growth and upregulate osteogenic markers Runx2, OPN, and OCN. It also promoted BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, as shown by increased calcium nodules and ALP activity. QGD treatment significantly increased m6A RNA levels and Mettl3 expression in BMSCs. Silencing Mettl3 with siRNA negated QGD's osteogenic effects. Collectively, QGD may improve BMSCs differentiation and mitigate osteoporosis, potentially through Mettl3-mediated m6A modification.

Nonlinear Locality-Preserving Projections With Dynamic Graph Learning.

The affinity graph is regarded as a mathematical representation of the local manifold structure. The performance of locality-preserving projections (LPPs) and its variants is tied to the quality of the affinity graph. However, there are two drawbacks in current approaches. First, the pre-designed graph is inconsistent with the actual distribution of data. Second, the linear projection way would cause damage to the nonlinear manifold structure. In this article, we propose a nonlinear dimensionality reduction model, named deep locality-preserving projections (DLPPs), to solve these problems simultaneously. The model consists of two loss functions, each employing deep autoencoders (AEs) to extract discriminative features. In the first loss function, the affinity relationships among samples in the intermediate layer are determined adaptively according to the distances between samples. Since the features of samples are obtained by nonlinear mapping, the manifold structure can be kept in the low-dimensional space. Additionally, the learned affinity graph is able to avoid the influence of noisy and redundant features. In the second loss function, the affinity relationships among samples in the last layer (also called the reconstruction layer) are learned. This strategy enables denoised samples to have a good manifold structure. By integrating these two functions, our proposed model minimizes the mismatch of the manifold structure between samples in the denoising space and the low-dimensional space, while reducing sensitivity to the initial weights of the graph. Extensive experiments on toy and benchmark datasets have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed model.

[Single mini-incision combined with honeycomb titanium plate in treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of single small incision with honeycomb titanium plate in treating acute acromioclavicular dislocation. METHODS: The clinical data of 40 patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation admitted from December 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Among them, 20 patients were fixed with single small incision with honeycomb titanium plate (titanium plate group), including 11 males and 9 females, aged from 23 to 65 years old with an average of (47.40±12.58) years old;12 patients on the left side, 8 patients on the right side;11 patients with type Ⅲ, 3 patients with type Ⅳ, and 6 patients with type Ⅴ according to Rockwood classification. Twenty patients were fixed with clavicular hook plate (clavicular hook group), including 8 males and 12 females, aged from 24 to 65 years old with an average of (48.40±12.08) years old;12 patients on the left side, 8 patients on the right side;10 patients with type Ⅲ, 2 patients with type Ⅳ, and 8 patients with type Ⅴ according to Rockwood classification. Operative time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint function were compared between two groups. Anteroposterior radiographs of the affected shoulder joint were recorded before, immediately and 6 months after surgery, and the coracoclavicular distance was measured and compared. RESULTS: Both groups of patients were successfully completed operation without serious complications. All patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months with an average of (11.9±4.8) months. There were no incisional infection, internal plant fracture or failure, bone tunnel fracture and other complications occurred. The incision length of titanium plate group (35.90±3.14) mm was significantly shorter than that of clavicular hook group (49.30±3.79) mm (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in operative time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between two groups (P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months after operation, VAS of titanium plate group was lower than that of clavicular hook group (P<0.05). Connstant-Murley scores in titanium plate group at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation were (86.80±1.36), (91.60±2.32) and (94.90±2.22), respectively;and in clavicular hook group were (78.45±5.47), (85.55±2.01) and (90.25±1.92), which were higher than that of clavicular hook group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in coracoclavicular distance between two groups immediately and 6 months after operation(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: For the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation, single small incision combined with honeycomb titanium plate have advantages of shorter incision, fast recovery of shoulder joint function without the second operation, and has good satisfaction of patient.

Discriminative and Robust Autoencoders for Unsupervised Feature Selection.

Many recent research works on unsupervised feature selection (UFS) have focused on how to exploit autoencoders (AEs) to seek informative features. However, existing methods typically employ the squared error to estimate the data reconstruction, which amplifies the negative effect of outliers and can lead to performance degradation. Moreover, traditional AEs aim to extract latent features that capture intrinsic information of the data for accurate data recovery. Without incorporating explicit cluster structure-detecting objectives into the training criterion, AEs fail to capture the latent cluster structure of the data which is essential for identifying discriminative features. Thus, the selected features lack strong discriminative power. To address the issues, we propose to jointly perform robust feature selection and k -means clustering in a unified framework. Concretely, we exploit an AE with a l2,1 -norm as a basic model to seek informative features. To improve robustness against outliers, we introduce an adaptive weight vector for the data reconstruction terms of AE, which assigns smaller weights to the data with larger errors to automatically reduce the influence of the outliers, and larger weights to the data with smaller errors to strengthen the influence of clean data. To enhance the discriminative power of the selected features, we incorporate k -means clustering into the representation learning of the AE. This allows the AE to continually explore cluster structure information, which can be used to discover more discriminative features. Then, we also present an efficient approach to solve the objective of the corresponding problem. Extensive experiments on various benchmark datasets are provided, which clearly demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Unsupervised Subspace Learning With Flexible Neighboring.

Graph-based subspace learning has been widely used in various applications as the rapid growth of data dimension, while the graph is constructed by affinity matrix of input data. However, it is difficult for these subspace learning methods to preserve the intrinsic local structure of data with the high-dimensional noise. To address this problem, we proposed a novel unsupervised dimensionality reduction approach named unsupervised subspace learning with flexible neighboring (USFN). We learn a similarity graph by adaptive probabilistic neighborhood learning process to preserve the manifold structure of high-dimensional data. In addition, we utilize the flexible neighboring to learn projection and latent representation of manifold structure of high-dimensional data to remove the impact of noise. The adaptive similarity graph and latent representation are jointly learned by integrating adaptive probabilistic neighborhood learning and manifold residue term into a unified objection function. The experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the performance of the proposed unsupervised subspace learning USFN method.

[Prospective study on the effect of parecoxib sodium analgesia on pain and stress response after surgery in elderly patients with hip fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of parecoxib sodium preemptive analgesia on pain and stress response after surgery in elderly hip fracture patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 70 elderly patients with hip fracture treated in our hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were prospectively analyzed. According to different analgesic patterns, 35 cases were randomly divided into experimental group, aged 65 to 86(78.5±9.1) years, 21 males and 14 females, including 18 femoral neck fractures and 17 femoral intertrochanteric fractures. There were 35 cases in control group, aged 66 to 88 (80.6±8.1) years, 18 males, and 17 females, including 20 cases of femoral neck fractures and 15 cases of intertrochantericfractures. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgery, the incidence of delirium and stress indicators of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cortisol (COR), and epinephrise (E) postoperatively in the two groups were observed. RESULTS: At 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h after surgery, the VAS score of experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups at 72 h postoperatively (P>0.05). Within 72 h after surgery, the dosage of indomethacin suppository (0.1 g/suppository) in experimental group was 0.3 g, and that in control group was 1.2 g, the dosage of experimental group was less than that of control group. Within 7 days after operation, delirium occurred in 2 cases(5.7%) in experimental group and 8 cases (22.8%) in control group, the incidence of delirium in experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ2=4.2, P= 0.040). Two days after surgery, the serum SOD content of the two groups of patients increased, and the levels of MDA, E, and COR decreased; and the serum MDA, E, and COR levels of experimental group were lower than control group, and the SOD content was higher than control group;the differences were statistically significant (χ2<0.05). CONCLUSION: The advanced analgesic application of parecoxib sodium can significantly reduce the postoperative stress response of elderly hip fracture patients, enhance the postoperative analgesic effect, reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium, and improve the quality of rehabilitation of patients.

Fast Multi-View Clustering via Nonnegative and Orthogonal Factorization.

The rapid growth of the number of data brings great challenges to clustering, especially the introduction of multi-view data, which collected from multiple sources or represented by multiple features, makes these challenges more arduous. How to clustering large-scale data efficiently has become the hottest topic of current large-scale clustering tasks. Although several accelerated multi-view methods have been proposed to improve the efficiency of clustering large-scale data, they still cannot be applied to some scenarios that require high efficiency because of the high computational complexity. To cope with the issue of high computational complexity of existing multi-view methods when dealing with large-scale data, a fast multi-view clustering model via nonnegative and orthogonal factorization (FMCNOF) is proposed in this paper. Instead of constraining the factor matrices to be nonnegative as traditional nonnegative and orthogonal factorization (NOF), we constrain a factor matrix of this model to be cluster indicator matrix which can assign cluster labels to data directly without extra post-processing step to extract cluster structures from the factor matrix. Meanwhile, the F-norm instead of the L2-norm is utilized on the FMCNOF model, which makes the model very easy to optimize. Furthermore, an efficient optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the FMCNOF model. Different from the traditional NOF optimization algorithm requiring dense matrix multiplications, our algorithm can divide the optimization problem into three decoupled small size subproblems that can be solved by much less matrix multiplications. Combined with the FMCNOF model and the corresponding fast optimization method, the efficiency of the clustering process can be significantly improved, and the computational complexity is nearly O(n) . Extensive experiments on various benchmark data sets validate our approach can greatly improve the efficiency when achieve acceptable performance.

[Application of accelerated rehabilitation program for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur in the elderly].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of accelerated rehabilitation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur in the elderly. METHODS: Eighty elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were selected from January 2016 to October 2018, and were divided into accelerated rehabilitation group and traditional rehabilitation group according to different treatment schemes, 40 cases in each group. There were 22 males and 18 females in accelerated rehabilitation group with an average age of (78.5±9.1) years old; 19 males and 21 females in traditional rehabilitation group with an average age of (80.6±8.1) years old. The perioperative blood loss, incidence of complications, hospitalization time, hospital stay, Harris hip score and improved BADL scale were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Eighty patients were followed up for more than 12 months, with an average follow-up time of (15.4±2.6) months. The total perioperative blood loss in the accelerated rehabilitation group was significantly lower than that in the traditional rehabilitation group(P<0.001). Although the incidence of complications in the accelerated rehabilitation group was lower than that in the traditional rehabilitation group, there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The time from admission to operation of the accelerated rehabilitation group(1.48±0.51) days was significantly shorter than that of the traditional rehabilitation group(4.35±1.55) days(P<0.01);the hospitalization time of the accelerated rehabilitation group was(6.4±1.1) days was significantly shorter than that of the traditional rehabilitation group (9.9±1.9) days(P<0.01). At 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference in Harris score between the two groups(P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in modified BADL score between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of accelerated rehabilitation program in elderly intertrochanteric fracture is safe and effective. It can reduce perioperative bleeding, shorten hospitalization time and accelerate the recovery of hip function.

Chrysin protects human osteoarthritis chondrocytes by inhibiting inflammatory mediator expression via HMGB1 suppression.

High­mobility group box chromosomal protein (HMGB­1) contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) by modulating various oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. The effect of chrysin (CH), a natural plant flavonoid, and its functional interaction with HMGB­1, was investigated in a chondrocyte model of OA. Human chondrocytes were pre­treated with CH, and then subsequently treated with IL­1ß to induce the formation of chondrocytes similar to those found in OA joints. Next, the expression level of HMGB­1 was determined by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Additionally, inflammatory factor expression was measured by ELISA, and cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry. To further explore the effects of CH, HMGB­1 expression was silenced following CH treatment with small interfering (si)RNA. The results demonstrated that CH inhibited cell apoptosis, dose­dependently reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13, collagenase and IL­6 expression, and increased collagen α­1 (II) chain (COL2A1) expression in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. These effects of CH were accompanied by decreased HMGB­1 expression. Additionally, the expression of MMP13, collagenase, IL­6 and COL2A1, as well as apoptosis, was significantly reduced by HMGB­1 siRNA. These results demonstrated that HMGB­1 is critical for the protective effect of CH on human osteoarthritis chondrocytes, including cell apoptosis and inflammatory factor inhibition, which suggests that CH may have potential therapeutic effect in treating OA by protecting human osteoarthritis chondrocytes via HMGB1 suppression.

[Application of the computer-assisted virtual reduction combined with 3D printing technique in acetabular fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the computer-assisted virtual reduction combined with 3D printing technique as preoperative planning and assess their therapeutic effects. METHODS: Thirty-five cases of acetabular fracture treated by internal fixation from March 2011 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent operations with internal fixations implanted. The patients were divided into 2 groups according whether they used the computer-assisted virtual reduction combined with 3D printing technology. Fifteen patients in the digital group included 9 males and 6 females with a mean age of (39.4±8.8) years old ranging from 22 to 58 years old;time from injury to the operation was (8.8±2.0) days;for Letournel-Judet classification, 4 cases were both column fracture, 5 cases were posterior wall fracture, 4 cases were T-fracture, 2 cases were posterior wall with transverse fracture. Twenty cases in the control group included 12 males and 8 females with a mean age of (38.7±13.1) years old ranging from 19 to 59 years old;time from injury to the operation was(8.2±2.3) days;for Letournel-Judet classification, 6 cases were both column fracture, 8 cases were posterior wall fracture, 3 cases were T-fracture, 3 cases were posterior wall with transverse fracture. The volume of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion, operative time, satisfaction rate of fracture reduction and excellent and good rate of d`Aubigne Postal function evaluation were compared between the two groups and statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS: All the incisions healed without infection occurred. All the fractures healed without breakage or loosening of plates and screws. There was 1 case of postoperative nerve stimulation symptoms in each group. One patient in the digital group was found necrosis of the femoral head at 6 months after operation. One patient in the control group was found heterotopic ossification at 8 months after operation. All patients were follow-up for 13 to 28 months with an average of 17.6 months. The volume of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion in the digital group were significantly less than those in the control group(P<0.05). The operation time in the digital group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The excellent and good rates of fracture reduction were 92.9%(14/15) and 85%(17/20) in the digital group and the control group respectively, and there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). The excellent and good rates of Aubigne Postal function evaluation were 86.7%(13/15) and 80%(16/20) respectively, and there was no significant difference(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The computer-assisted virtual reduction combined with 3D printing technique can reduce the operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion in acetabular surgeries for patients with acetabular fractures. The technique is an effective method for preoperative planning, which worth promoting.

[Application of rafting K-wire technique for tibial plateau fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize application of rafting K-wires technique for tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: From January 2013 to January 2015,45 patients with tibial plateau fractures were treated by locking plate with rafting K-wires, including 33 males and 12 females with an average of 44.2 years old ranging from 22 to 56 years old. According to Schatzker classification, 6 cases were type II, 8 were type Ill, 4 were type IV, 4 were type V, and 5 were type VI. Allogeneic bone graft were performed for bone defects. All patients were fixed with two to five K-wires. Part of weight loading were encouraged at 3 months after operation,and full weight-loading were done at 5 months after operation. Postoperative complications were observed,and Rasmussen clinical and radiological assessment were used to evaluate clinical results. RESULTS: All Patients were followed up from 10 to 23 months with average of 14 months. According to Rasmussen clinical and radiological assessment, clinical scores 23.58 ± 6.33, radiological scores were 14.00 ± 6.33; and excellent and good rates were 82.2% and 77.8% respectively. Four patients occurred severe osteoporosis and collapse of articular surface; 5 patients occurred traumatic arthritis. CONCLUSION: Rafting K-wires technique with anatomized armor plate could effective fix and support platform collapse and joint bone fragments, increase support surface area and reduce postoperative reduction loss rate.