[Vibrational spectroscopy use for forensic purposes combined with machine learning]. / Ispol'zovanie kolebatel'noi spektroskopii v sochetanii s mashinnym obucheniem dlya zadach sudebnoi meditsiny.

Vibrational spectroscopy combined with machine learning has a great potential for forensic research. Portable Raman spectrometers are already being used by law-enforcement agencies to identify drugs. Several new technologies based on vibrational spectroscopy, that can be used in forensic science to analyze documents, gunshot traces, cloths, soil, hair, nails and lacquer, are being developed nowadays. The article considers the use of vibrational spectroscopy in forensic practice for conducting serological studies with an emphasis on the development of a universal method of identifying the main secretions of the body. The method allows to determine the time elapsed since the trace was made, as well as the phenotypic profile of host, including sex, race and age.

[Forensic assessment of neck organs alterations in hanging depending on the noose position]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya otsenka izmenenii v organokomplekse shei pri poveshenii v zavisimosti ot polozheniya petli.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal statistical patterns in the localization of alterations in organs and tissues of the neck in hanging depending on the noose location. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 222 forensic examination reports of corpses of those who died from hanging, conducted in the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of Moscow Oblast for 2019, were investigated. Standard methods of mathematical statistics, including Mann-Whitney U Test and the Fisher's Exact Test, were used for calculations. Sex and age characteristics of hanging cases were given. RESULTS: Retrospective statistical analysis has shown that the pattern of injuries revealed in organs and tissues of the neck both depends (in cases of Amussat's sign) and does not depend (in cases of hemorrhages in the legs of sternocleidomastoid muscle, fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage, Martin's sign) on the noose position. CONCLUSION: The obtained results can be used to develop measures aimed at improving the quality of forensic examination of hanging cases.

[Forensic characteristic of sudden death cases in subjects with metabolic syndrome]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya kharakteristika sluchaev vnezapnoi smerti lits s metabolicheskim sindromom.

Comparing pace and standard of living of the world population these days and in the end of the last century, it's quiet true that there has been a significant increase. Therewith, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases has increased in recent decades. Scientists around the world attribute this fact to the increase in the number of people with overweight and other metabolic disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle, namely unbalanced diet, stress, bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) leads to metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome development, that, in turn, can be the main risk factor for complications of associated diseases leading to fatal outcome. The present study gives a forensic description of sudden death in metabolic syndrome, its pathomorphological features were investigated, the causes of death were shown, as well as their relationship with biochemical abnormalities in the body.

[Forensic assessment of meteorological conditions as risk factors of sudden death from arterial hypertension]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya otsenka meteouslovii v kachestve faktorov riska vnezapnoi smerti pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Arterial hypertension is a disease that significantly increases the risk of sudden death in different age groups. It is of high scientific interest to study the relationship of arterial hypertension manifestations with different weather conditions. The article provides a review of literature data on the variability of arterial hypertension course depending on meteorological conditions as a risk factor for sudden death.

[Professor Dmitry Egorovich Min - physician and poet]. / Professor Dmitrii Egorovich Min ­ medik i poet.

Dmitry Egorovich Min is an outstanding pathologist, forensic physician and hygienist of the Russian Empire, a prominent public figure, professor and vice-rector of the Imperial Moscow University, an outstanding poet-translator and one of the founders of the Russian school of forensic medicine. This article discusses the biography of D.E. Min, his merits and accomplishments in labor and creative activity.

[The sudden death among the young persons under effect of the different forms of physical loads]. / Vnezapnaia smert' lits molodogo vozrasta pri razlichnykh vidakh fizicheskoi nagruzki.

The present review of the literature publications concerns the problem of sudden death (SD) among the young persons under effect of the different forms of physical loads. The statistical data on the frequency of sudden death are presented together with information about risk factors of SD, the morphological substrates and structural changes that promote death coming. The cases of sudden death among the young persons associated with the amateur sports activities and the professional sport of records are presented. The role of physical exercises and psycho-emotional stresses in the development of the terminal processes is considered with special reference to the risk factors and genetic predisposition to sudden cardiac death, largely among male athletes. The questions of sudden death in connection with cardiac pathologies as its main causes are discussed.

Sudden death in cancer pathology forensic-medical characteristics.

The article presents a review of references on causes of sudden death of persons suffering from oncological diseases. The paper describes the main mechanisms of sudden death of persons with cancer who are subjected to forensic-medical research. Data on the structure of sudden death for the last 10 years are demonstrated. The authors have identified the increase of a number of sudden deaths in the group with oncological pathology 2. 2 times more in comparison with 2005. There are showed peculiarities of forensic-medical diagnostics of reasons of sudden death in cancer.

Computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of scene in firearm homicide.

Worldwide advances in computer techniques are not yet recognised in the practice of forensic medicine. A promising application is their use in making a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime scene. This study analyses this technique in a homicide by firearm. Queries regarding the direction and number of shots, position of the victim inside the car when shot at and presence of the accused at the crime scene were answered by a scientific model. Similar reconstruction of the scene, nailing the accused in a heinous crime, has not previously been reported as a study or a case. The paper anticipates impetus to the growth of literature in criminology and forensic sciences. It will also expedite the delivery of justice based on scientific evidence in controversial causes of death.

[Effectiveness of treatment of single cerebral metastasis depending on prognostic groups (RPA RTOG)].

Our investigation was aimed at establishing a relationship between single metastases in the brain and a set of prognostic factors. It involved 278 patients treated at the Center in 1983-2003. The whole brain was irradiated in 273 while 159 of them (58.2%) received additional local irradiation of the brain. Single dosage of 2-2.5 Gy was administered to 158 (57.9%), 115--3Gy and more (42.1%). Mean total dosage was 36 Gy per metastasis for the whole brain and 46 Gy--for total plus local exposure. Among patients with favorable prognosis (RPA) were those aged up to 65, Karnofsky's index > or = 70%, with cured or controllable tumor and without extracranial metastases; poor prognosis--Karnofsky's index < or = 70%, irrespective of any other prognosticators, and intermediate prognosis--the remaining cases. The following four treatment modalities were used: 1) surgery --> radio- or radiochemotherapy (40); 2) chemotherapy > or = radiotherapy --> chemotherapy successively (56); (3) radiotherapy alone (110) and (4) simultaneous radiochemotherapy (72).

[External biliary fistulae following surgery of the bile ducts]. / Naruzhnye zhelchnye svishchi posle operatsii na zhelchnykh putiakh.

Twenty-nine patients with external biliary fistulae were under observation. In 22 cases the formation and functioning of the fistula was caused by obstruction of the flow of bile into the intestine. The abdominal cavity was drained in the acute stage, and then, after the formation of the fistula was concluded and the general condition normalized, its source was removed. In addition to liquidation of the fistula for removal of the cause of biliary hypertension, choledochoenteroanastomosis was established in 4 patients and various manipulations on the papilla were performed in 16 patients.

[Metastatic lung abscesses]. / Metastaticheskie abstsessy legkikh.

The metastatic origin of abscesses was established in 10 of 142 patients (7%) with acute pulmonary abscesses. The disease was observed to be of severe course, being accompanied by pleural and other complications in all the cases. Thirteen distinctive signs of metastatic abscesses were revealed which determine the curative methods. The main problem in the treatment of such patients is struggle against sepsis, correction of immune processes in the organism, sanitation of the abscess cavity through the tracheobronchial tree and liquidation of pleural complications.

[Selection of the methods of functional examination of patients with lung diseases in the preoperative period]. / Vybor metodov funktsional'nogo issledovaniia bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami legkikh v predoperatsionnom periode

The authors report indications and contraindications to using different methods of functional diagnosis of the ventilatory and circulatory systems in patients with lung diseases in the postoperative period. It is felt that in each particular case different methods of functional diagnosis should be employed differentially, taking into consideration individual peculiarities of the patient and his affection. It is necessary to use the methods that would provide the maximum useful information, but not to use them following the principle of transfer from simple to more complex procedures.

[Clinical and treatment characteristics of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. / Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniia ostrogo kholetsistita u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

The clinical picture of acute cholecystitis was analyzed in 221 patients. The authors have studied symptoms of the disease in patients older than 60 such as rapid beginning of the disease, early signs of intoxication and peritonitis. They all made the diagnostics difficult. Urgent operations should be recommended in elderly and senile patients more often due to greater probability of destructive forms of cholecystitis in such patients.

[Selection of the time of operation in acute cholecystitis]. / Vybor sroka operatsii pri ostrom knoletsistite.

An experience with the treatment of 760 patients enabled the authors to recommend the early operative treatment only for irreversible (gangrenous and perforative) forms of cholecystitis. Multiple cutaneous electrothermometry, counting the electrocyte index of intoxication and urgent laparoscopy are considered to be helpful for the timely diagnosis of the disease.

[Causes of mortality in strangulated ventral hernia and methods of its reduction]. / Prichiny letal'nykh iskhodov pri ushchemlennykh gryzhakh zhivota i puti ikh snizheniia.

Strangulated abdominal hernias were operated in 654 patients, 40 of them died (6,1%). Most of those who died were aged and senile patients. Some means are proposed to reduce the postoperative mortality.

[Emergency laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. / Srochnaia laparoskopiia v diagnostike i lechenii ostrogo kholetsistita u liudei pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

The article describes the results of a laparoscopic transparietal puncture of the gall-bladder used for diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in 31 patients older than 60. The acute inflammatory process was found to subside due to the procedure in 30 patients, 26 of them were operated upon in the cold stage of the disease. The authors recommend a wider use of the method of urgent laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients.