Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in First and Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

In this cross sectional study peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were estimated in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and in third trimester of pregnancy, to observe the alteration in airflow rate during pregnancy. This cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 300 women with age ranged from 18 to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected and divided into 100 healthy non pregnant women as control group and 200 normal pregnant women as study group. Study group was further subdivided into 100 pregnant women in first trimester and 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy. The PEFR was estimated by using mini version of Wrights peak flow meter. PEFR was measured during 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnant women and in non pregnant women. In this study, the PEFR significantly decreased both in first and third trimester of pregnancy than that of non pregnant women. Again the PEFR was significantly decreased in 3rd trimester of pregnancy than that of 1st trimester of pregnant women. It may be concluded that PEFR were significantly decreased in pregnancy, most likely due to the mechanical effects of progressively increased size of uterus that progressively decreases lung volumes and capacities.

Fasting Serum Glucose Level in Postmenopausal Bangladeshi Women.

The study was done to find out the causes that changes the fasting serum glucose level in postmenopausal women. This was descriptive type of cross sectional study carried out over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015 in the department of physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Women of reproductive age (25-45 years) and clinically diagnosed 100 menopausal women (45-70 years) were included for this study. Convenience type of sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects. Measurement of fasting serum glucose was done by GOD-PAP method. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the groups were calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. The mean±SD of serum glucose in menopausal women were significant at 1% level of probability than women of reproductive age. This study revealed that postmenopausal women showed higher levels of fasting serum glucose level. Fasting blood sugar level between the study & control group were 7.69±2.37 and 4.59±0.73 and the difference was statistically significant.

Blood Pressure in Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a great stressful physiological condition in women during their reproductive period. During pregnancy several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological modifications occur as a part of the physiological adaptation of the body. Changes in blood pressure occur in third trimester of pregnancy, which may be associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2013 to June 2014. Study subjects were selected by following purposive sampling procedure and the protocol of this study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Mymensingh. This study enrolled 100 pregnant women of third trimester of pregnancy and 100 aged matched non-pregnant women from Mymensingh district. Mean systolic blood pressure in study group were 124.8±14.51 mm of Hg and in control group were 106.50±10.67 mm of Hg, which was statistically increased. Diastolic blood pressure in study group was 83.00±13.37 mm of Hg and in control group 71.05±7.12 mm of Hg, which was also statistically significant. The changes in blood pressure in third trimester of pregnancy is the major concern of developing the risk of pre-eclampsia & eclampsia, and increased prevalence of IUGR, pre-maturity and perinatal mortality. This study reveals significant changes of blood pressure during third trimester of pregnancy.

Serum Glucose Level in First and Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

In the present study serum glucose were estimated in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and third trimester of pregnancy to observe the frequency of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and to assess the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. This study was a cross sectional study, carried out in the Department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 300 women with age ranged from 18 to 35 years were selected and divided into 100 healthy non pregnant women as control group and 200 normal pregnant women as study group. Study group was further divided into 100 pregnant women in first trimester of pregnancy and 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy. Diagnosed case of type I and type II diabetes, hypothyroidism, cushing's syndrome, polycystic ovary, antipsychotic drug users, regular steroid users were excluded from this study. Serum glucose was evaluated by the glucose-oxidase principle by GOD-PAP method in women with 1st trimester of pregnancy, 3rd trimester of pregnancy and in non pregnant women. Statistical analysis of data was done by unpaired student's t test. The results showed that the serum glucose levels increased significantly in third trimester and the value is not significant in first trimester. The increasing frequency of serum glucose level in third trimester may predispose the women to hyperglycemia of pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus.

Relationship of Hemoglobin Concentration in Adult Asthmatic Patients.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Asthma is one of the most common diseases globally and currently affects 300 million people. The epidemic rise in anemia, asthma, and related allergic disease is a common major public health problem worldwide. Asthma and anemia associated with acute infections occur both in children and adults. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was done to find out the levels of hemoglobin concentration in adult asthmatic patients and carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to January 2016. Fifty (50) male and 50 (fifty) female adult asthmatic patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study group. They are enrolled from the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and also from locality. For comparison age matched 50 male and 50 female apparently healthy persons were also studied as control. Hemoglobin concentration was estimated by Cyanmethemoglobin method. For statistical analysis unpaired student's 't' test was used. Mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased in study group in comparison to control group and the result was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study findings showed a high prevalence of anemia among asthmatic patients than non asthmatic healthy persons.

Study on Serum Total Cholesterol in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

In the present study serum total cholesterol were estimated in chronic kidney diseased patient to observe the frequency of high serum total cholesterol in chronic kidney diseased patient (CKD) and to assess the incidence of hyper-cholesterolemia. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 200 subjects with age ranged from 25 to 60 years were selected and divided into 100 healthy persons as control group and 100 CKD patients as study group. Serum total cholesterol (TC) was evaluated by the Enzymatic, Liquid, Colorimetric test - CHOD/PAP method. Statistical analysis of data was done by unpaired student's t test. The results showed that serum total cholesterol the Mean±SE of control group male and study group male were 164±3.20mg/dl and 220±5.96mg/dl respectively. In study group male, mean±SE serum TC was increased. Result was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The Mean±SE serum TC of control group female and study group female were 158±3.13mg/dl and 213±5.49mg/dl respectively. In study group female, Mean±SE serum TC was increased & result was highly significant (p<0.0001). The mean serum total cholesterol level was increased in study group than in control group. The results were statistically significant. From this study, it may be concluded that the increasing frequency of Serum total cholesterol level in CKD may predispose the patients to hypercholesterolemia accelerates development of atherosclerosis, increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the other complications.

Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Level in Type 2 Diabetes Male.

The patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication is increasing in our country and all over the world. There is also significant increase in the prevalence of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (eG6PD) deficiency in the men with longer duration of diabetes mellitus. To assess the eG6PD in type 2 diabetes male subjects to observe their enzyme status. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to December 2011. Sixty male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected with the age ranging from 40 to 60 years. Out of diabetic subjects, 30 (thirty) were with controlled (B1) and other 30 (thirty) with uncontrolled (B2) type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from Outpatient Department of BIRDEM Hospital by random basis. And 30 age-matched, healthy non-diabetic male subjects were considered as control group for comparison. Erythrocyte G6PD level was measured by spectrophotometric method. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1c were measured by standard laboratory techniques in the laboratory of BIRDEM and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka. For statistical analysis unpaired Student's 't' test was performed. The result was expressed as Mean±SD among the groups. In this study, eG6PD level was significantly lower in both the study groups. This study concludes that eG6PD level decreases in male with diabetes mellitus.