Multi-image optical information hiding algorithm based on Fourier transform without hidden key transmission.

Existing optical information hiding algorithms for multiple images require generating hidden keys for embedded images, resulting in the transmission of numerous keys. This challenge undermines the usage of these algorithms in low-quality networks. To address this issue and enhance transmission efficiency, we present a multi-image optical information hiding algorithm based on Fourier transformation principles, which is employed to generate hidden frequency maps and carrier frequency maps. Specific low-frequency information zones are extracted within these hidden frequency maps. A chaotic system integrates a phase mask, modulated with the low-frequency regions, positioned in the carrier frequency map's high-frequency sector. The final stego image is obtained by subjecting the carrier frequency map to inverse Fourier transformation. Experimental analysis shows that concealing three images takes only 0.0089 s, with extraction requiring 0.0658 s. Post-extraction PSNR values for hidden images exceed 32 dB. Robustness and anti-attack experiments were done to prove the security of this algorithm. The compared experiments between the proposed method and other state-of-the-art algorithms affirm the algorithm's attributes of simplicity, ease of implementation, robust security, and high efficiency. Importantly, the restoration process eliminates the necessity of transmitting hidden keys, reducing network burdens and enhancing both concealment and extraction efficiencies significantly.

Elucidation of the Anti-Lung Cancer Mechanism of Xiao'ai Jiedu Prescription Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Objective: Network pharmacology is an emerging discipline that applies computational methods to understand drug actions and interactions with multiple molecular targets. Xiao'ai Jiedu is a valued traditional Chinese medicine preparation for which the mechanism of action is not yet established. This study aims to explore the mechanism of Xiao'ai Jiedu in treating lung cancer through network pharmacology. Methods: First, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) data platform was used to analyze the target treatment results of different medicinal materials in Mr. Zhou's cancer prescriptions. Then, functional enrichment analysis was performed to conduct a secondary analysis of the dissemination of cancer biological and pharmacological information in the human body. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to obtain several cancer-aggressive target groups, and their transcription RNA was extracted for collection. The CIBERSORT evaluation method was used to conduct a Spearman correlation analysis on the data processing results. Then the matching degree between the experimental cells and the principle of drug treatment was analyzed to improve the statistical analysis. Results: Pharmacology research results showed that the network can accurately eliminate cancer detoxification targeted target correlation set, and through the data interpretation found that four different gene transcription have significant influence on lung cancer. The findings also confirmed that the degree of immune cell infiltration has a key role in lung cancer The study summarizes the active ingredients and their targets and mechanisms of action of the elimination of Xiao'ai Jiedu formula for the treatment of lung cancer. Conclusion: Network pharmacology can carry on the processing of the data, find the key to conform to the goal of research data, and the corresponding results are obtained, and the development of network pharmacology is not limited to, the study of lung cancer.

Feature matching based on local windows aggregation.

The core goal of feature matching is to establish correspondences between two images. Current methods without detectors achieve impressive results but often focus on global features, neglecting regions with subtle textures and resulting in fewer matches in areas with weak textures. This paper proposes a feature-matching method based on local window aggregation, which balances global features and local texture variations for more accurate matches, especially in weak-texture regions. Our method first applies a local window aggregation module to minimize irrelevant interference using window attention, followed by global attention, generating coarse and fine-grained feature maps. These maps are processed by a matching module, initially obtaining coarse matches via the nearest neighbor principle. The coarse matches are then refined on fine-grained maps through local window refinement. Experimental results show our method surpasses state-of-the-art techniques in pose estimation, homography estimation, and visual localization under the same training conditions.

Robust optical multi-image encryption with lossless decryption Recovery Based on phase recombination and vector decomposition.

Image encryption is crucial for protecting image privacy and ensuring security. Encrypting large batches of images of different types and sizes simultaneously with losslessly decryption is often necessary. This paper proposes an optical asymmetric multi-image encryption algorithm to meet these demands. First, plaintext images are converted into one-dimensional pixels and blocked. Image information, image count, and pixels are stored in corresponding areas and reassembled. Unit equal-modulus vector decomposition (UEMD) and phase truncation generate the ciphertext image and keys. The decrypted image is reconstructed from the ciphertext's information and quantity areas. Asymmetric encryption with different keys for encryption and decryption enhances security, while UEMD ensures lossless recovery and robustness. Experiments demonstrate the proposed algorithm's efficiency in encrypting multiple grayscale and color images of varying sizes, providing high security, and lossless recovery. This technology offers superior protection for sensitive image data, enhancing encryption system practicality and digital security.

ß-Elemene Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Regulating the Expression and Activity of Topoisomerases I and IIα in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 Cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ß-Elemene (ß-ELE) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and topoisomerase I (TOPO I) and topoisomerase IIα (TOPO IIα) expression and activity of human hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells. METHODS: After treatment with ß-ELE, morphological alterations of HepG-2 cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTT assay, cell cycles were analyzed using flow cytometry, and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. The expression of TOPO I and TOPO IIα was analyzed by Western blot techniques, and their activity was measured using the TOPO I-mediated, supercoiled pBR322 DNA relaxation and TOPO IIα-mediated Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) decatenation assays, respectively. Supercoiled pBR322 and kDNA were also used to determine the direct effect of ß-ELE on DNA breaks. RESULTS: ß-ELE significantly inhibited HepG-2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ß-ELE also induced tumor cell arrest at S phase, induced cell apoptosis, and downregulated the protein expression of TOPO I and TOPO IIα in a dose-dependent manner. ß-ELE also inhibited TOPO I- and TOPO IIα-mediated DNA relaxation but did not directly induce DNA breakage at any concentration. CONCLUSION: ß-ELE could inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and interfere with the expression and activity of TOPO I and TOPO IIα.

[Study on solid phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in environmental samples with 2-(2-quinolinylazo)-1,3-dihydroxidebenzene].

Based on the color reaction of 2-(2-quinolinylazo)-1,3-dihydroxidebenzene (QADHB) with vanadium (v) and the solid phase extraction of its colored complex with C18 cartridge, a new method for the determination of vanadium was studied. In the presence of CTMAB and citric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer solution (pH 3.5) medium. QADHB reacts with vanadium(II) to form a stable 2:1 complex. The colored complex was extracted by C18 cartridge and eluted the retained chelate from cartridge with ethanol (containing 2% of acetic acid), then can be determined by spectrophotometry at 552 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in range of 0-1.0 mg/l. This method can be applied to the determination of vanadium in environmental samples with good results.

Self-reported post-exertional fatigue in Gulf War veterans: roles of autonomic testing.

To determine if objective evidence of autonomic dysfunction exists from a group of Gulf War veterans with self-reported post-exertional fatigue, we evaluated 16 Gulf War ill veterans and 12 Gulf War controls. Participants of the ill group had self- reported, unexplained chronic post-exertional fatigue and the illness symptoms had persisted for years until the current clinical study. The controls had no self-reported post-exertional fatigue either at the time of initial survey nor at the time of the current study. We intended to identify clinical autonomic disorders using autonomic and neurophysiologic testing in the clinical context. We compared the autonomic measures between the 2 groups on cardiovascular function at both baseline and head-up tilt, and sudomotor function. We identified 1 participant with orthostatic hypotension, 1 posture orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, 2 distal small fiber neuropathy, and 1 length dependent distal neuropathy affecting both large and small fiber in the ill group; whereas none of above definable diagnoses was noted in the controls. The ill group had a significantly higher baseline heart rate compared to controls. Compound autonomic scoring scale showed a significant higher score (95% CI of mean: 1.72-2.67) among ill group compared to controls (0.58-1.59). We conclude that objective autonomic testing is necessary for the evaluation of self-reported, unexplained post-exertional fatigue among some Gulf War veterans with multi-symptom illnesses. Our observation that ill veterans with self-reported post-exertional fatigue had objective autonomic measures that were worse than controls warrants validation in a larger clinical series.

Motor neuron firing dysfunction in spastic patients with primary lateral sclerosis.

Patients with corticospinal tract dysfunction have slow voluntary movements with brisk stretch reflexes and spasticity. Previous studies reported reduced firing rates of motor units during voluntary contraction. To assess whether this firing behavior occurs because motor neurons do not respond normally to excitatory inputs, we studied motor units in patients with primary lateral sclerosis, a degenerative syndrome of progressive spasticity. Firing rates were measured from motor units in the wrist extensor muscles at varying levels of voluntary contraction < or =10% maximal force. At each force level, the firing rate was measured with and without added muscle vibration, a maneuver that repetitively activates muscle spindles. In motor units from age-matched control subjects, the firing rate increased with successively stronger contractions as well as with the addition of vibration at each force level. In patients with primary lateral sclerosis, motor-unit firing rates remained stable, or in some cases declined, with progressively stronger contractions or with muscle vibration. We conclude that excitatory inputs produce a blunted response in motor neurons in patients with primary lateral sclerosis compared with age-matched controls. The potential explanations include abnormal activation of voltage-activated channels that produce stable membrane plateaus at low voltages, abnormal recruitment of the motor pool, or tonic inhibition of motor neurons.