Challenges and Suggestions of Ethical Review on Clinical Research Involving Brain-Computer Interfaces.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application. As an emerging biomedical engineering technology, it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment, neurological rehabilitation, and mental health. However, BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research. In this article, the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare: the state of international ethical governance, multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research, and suggestive concerns for ethical review. Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care, the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI. To ensure "responsible innovation" in BCI research in healthcare and medicine, the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system, along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine, is suggested.

Reconstruction of singular eyelid defects in aging individuals based on facial aesthetic subunits.

BACKGROUND: In consideration of the distinctive structural characteristics of the eyelid, the optimally matching donor site to the original recipient site skin should be selected when a full-thickness skin graft is anticipated in a small-sized or medium-sized eyelid defect in middle-aged or elderly patients. METHODS: Eight patients ranging in age from 47 to 71 years suffered singular eyelid defects of different causes. Based on the location, shape, and degree of the defects, we removed the redundant skin as a skin graft from the same side in the contralateral eyelid in a routine blepharoplasty procedure and transferred the graft to repair the defect. RESULTS: The skin grafts survived in all cases, and the incisions healed primarily. The eyelid laxity improved, and no complications occurred. All cases were followed up for 3 months to 2 years, the quality of skin grafts was similar to that of the surrounding skin, and the activity was ideal. CONCLUSIONS: When an eyelid defect is not amenable to direct closure and skin grafting is selected, the proper donor site is vital to the final outcome. The same facial aesthetic subunits, such as sufficient laxity in the contralateral eyelid skin in middle-aged and elderly patients, can provide the best match with the recipient skin and represent the best donor site for defect reconstruction.