[Study on the Relationship between Soil Emissivity Spectra and Content of Soil Elements].

In this paper, based on the measurements of soil elements content and infrared spectra of 26 soil samples collected in more than 10 places, the relationship between soil emissivity in mid-infrared bands and the content of 11 soil elements including organic matters such as NO(3)-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and pH are analyzed. The bands where the soil elements content are significantly correlated with emissivity are given. And soil elements content estimation method is established based on the soil emissivity spectra with the partial least squares regression model and multiple stepwise regression model. The results show that: (1) In 8~10 µm, the correlation coefficient (R(2)) between Ca and soil emissivity is the highest, followed by Mg, Mn and Fe, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.85 and the lowest, 0.52. In the range of 6~8 µm, the correlations between the contents of K, Fe, NO(3)-N, Zn and emissivity decrease gradually, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.75 and the lowest 0.48. In 10~14 µm, the correlation between soil elements contents and emissivity is the highest for Mn, followed successively by P and K. (2) The scatter plot of soil emissivity and pH value has a parabola relation basically. The emissivity is the highest when pH value is 7, while the emissivity decreases gradually with the gradual decrease of pH value. (3) The accuracy of the estimated soil elements content from the partial least squares regression method is higher than that from the multiple stepwise regression method. It is noted that R(2) between the measurements and the estimates for the elements of Cu, Fe and Ca from the partial least squares regression method are very high (larger than 0.9). Additionally, using the simulated emissivity spectrum in the ASTER thermal infrared bands, modeling R(2) and validation R(2) between the measurements and the estimates for the elements of Ca from the multiple stepwise regression method are high (0.774 and 0.892, respectively). Using the simulated emissivity spectrum in the MODIS infrared bands, modeling R(2) and validation R(2) for Ca and Fe are higher than 0.85, and modeling R(2) and validation R(2) for Mg, K are higher than 0.5. As a whole, the emissivity spectrum in ASTER band 10 and band 11 and MODIS bands 28, 29, 30 are more sensitive to soil elements content, and thus they are more suitable for the estimation of soil elements content.

Non-Contact Measurement of the Spectral Emissivity through Active/Passive Synergy of CO2 Laser at 10.6 µm and 102F FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Spectrometer.

In the inversion of land surface temperature (LST) from satellite data, obtaining the information on land surface emissivity is most challenging. How to solve both the emissivity and the LST from the underdetermined equations for thermal infrared radiation is a hot research topic related to quantitative thermal infrared remote sensing. The academic research and practical applications based on the temperature-emissivity retrieval algorithms show that directly measuring the emissivity of objects at a fixed thermal infrared waveband is an important way to close the underdetermined equations for thermal infrared radiation. Based on the prior research results of both the authors and others, this paper proposes a new approach of obtaining the spectral emissivity of the object at 8-14 µm with a single-band CO2 laser at 10.6 µm and a 102F FTIR spectrometer. Through experiments, the spectral emissivity of several key samples, including aluminum plate, iron plate, copper plate, marble plate, rubber sheet, and paper board, at 8-14 µm is obtained, and the measured data are basically consistent with the hemispherical emissivity measurement by a Nicolet iS10 FTIR spectrometer for the same objects. For the rough surface of materials, such as marble and rusty iron, the RMSE of emissivity is below 0.05. The differences in the field of view angle and in the measuring direction between the Nicolet FTIR method and the method proposed in the paper, and the heterogeneity in the degree of oxidation, polishing and composition of the samples, are the main reasons for the differences of the emissivities between the two methods.

Biocompatible Nano-Hydroxyapatites Regulate Macrophage Polarization.

Research on regulation of the immune microenvironment based on bioactive materials is important to osteogenic regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is believed to be a promising scaffold material for dental and orthopedic implantation due to its ideal biocompatibility and high osteoconductivity. However, any severe inflammation response can lead to loosening and fall of implantation, which cause implant failures in the clinic. Morphology modification has been widely studied to regulate the host immune environment and to further promote bone regeneration. Here, we report the preparation of nHAPs, which have uniform rod-like shape and different size (200 nm and 400 nm in length). The morphology, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated. The results showed that the 400 nm nHAPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osteoimmunomodulation, which can not only induce M2-phenotype macrophages (M2) polarization to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines, but also promote the production of osteogenic factor. The reported 400 nm nHAPs are promising for osteoimmunomodulation in bone regeneration, which is beneficial for clinical application of bone defects.

[Studies on mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) co-infection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) co-infection and the influence factors. METHODS: Antihepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and anti-hepatitis G virus (anti-HGV) antibodies were detected by third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV RNA and HGV RNA were detected by fluorogenic quantitative-PCR (FQ-PCR). RESULTS: Totally 4506 common pregnant women were tested positive of serum anti-HCV. In these women, 878 were detected of serum anti-HGV, and 10 of them were found with both HCV RNA and HGV RNA positivities. In their 11 infants, two were positive for HCV RNA, and two were positive for HGV RNA. In these 4 infected infants, three were delivered by birth canal, one was delivered by cesarean section. All four were fed by breast-feeding. Three mother's ALTs were abnormally high before delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis C and G virus co-infection does not increase the rate of mother-to-infant transmission. Birth canal delivery, breast-feeding and high alanine aminotransferase before delivery are high risk factors for mother-to-infant transmission of HCV and HGV co-infection.

[Diagnosis and treatment of 23 cases with stylohyoid syndrome].

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnosis and treatment of stylohyoid syndrome. METHODS: The clinical data of 23 patients with stylohyoid syndrome were analyzed retrospectively,the symptoms,age,gender, length of styloid process, and clinical signs were investigated in their relationship to the disease onset , the value of styloidectomy via transoral and extraoral approach was compared. RESULTS: (1) Pain and foreign body sensation in oropharyngeal area accounted for 83%(19/23) of the symptoms ,followed by 43%(10/23) of headache, tongueache and periauricular discomfort. (2) Females were more often affected than males. The age peak was 50s and 30s ,accounting for 43%(10/23) and 30%(7/23) respectively. (3) 91%(21/23) of the excised styloid processes were longer than 3cm in length, 9% (2/23) of them shorter than 3cm but with abnormality in shape. (4) 57%(13/23) of the elongated styloid processes could be palpated transorally. (5) Through extraoral approach, all kinds of diseased styloid processes could be excised thoroughly and safely. CONCLUSIONS: Stylohyoid syndrome is one of the causes of head and neck pain. A complete medical history , careful palpation of the oral pharyngeal area, and radiographic examination are essential for the diagnosis. Styloidectomy by extraoral approach is effective for curing of the disease.