Three new species of Calocybe (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from northeastern China are supported by morphological and molecular data.

Three new species, Calocybe aurantiaca, C. convexa, and C. decolorata, are described based on collections made in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. The main characters of C. aurantiaca are its orange-yellow sporocarps and small and smooth basidiospores. Calocybe convexa is characterized by its orange-buff pileus, very small basidiospores, and tortuous stipe, whereas C. decolorata is mainly characterized by its gills that turn blue when bruised. The sequences of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and the 28S D1-D5 region of the Calocybe species were analyzed, and the results indicated that the three new species belonged to the genus Calocybe and differed from other species of Calocybe. The morphological similarities of the new species to other Calocybe species and the classification system within the genus Calocybe based on molecular data are also discussed. A key is provided for the Calocybe species as reported from China in order to facilitate future studies of the genus.

[Influencing Factors of Cadmium Content in Wheat Grain: A Meta-analysis and Decision Tree Analysis].

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural intensification have resulted in serious soil problems, such as soil acidification and cadmium pollution, affecting food security and human health. Wheat is the second largest food crop in China and has a strong accumulation capacity for cadmium. Understanding the influencing factors of cadmium content in wheat grain is crucial to realize the safe production of wheat. However, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of how soil physicochemical properties and cultivars affect wheat cadmium accumulation is lacking. The Meta-analysis and decision tree analysis of 56 related studies published in the past 10 years showed that the proportion of cadmium content in soil and wheat grain exceeding the national standard was 52.6% and 64.1%, respectively. Among soil physical and chemical properties, pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, and total soil cadmium content were the important factors affecting the cadmium content in wheat grains. When soil pH ≤ 5.5 and 5.5

Sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in an adolescent valproic acid-induced rat autism model.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis are associated with the onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota (GM) is significantly altered in individuals with ASD and animal models of ASD. However, few studies have focused on sex-specific differences in the GM and fecal metabolites of ASD. METHODS: In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics in parallel on fecal samples from a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism (VPA rats). Based on these data, we analyzed differentially abundant metabolites in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database to reveal the possible mechanism of ASD. Data derived from male and female rats were analyzed separately. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between characteristic genera and characteristic fecal metabolites in VPA rats of both sexes. RESULTS: The results showed that VPA rats of both sexes presented remarkable alterations in the GM and fecal metabolites. Sex-specific differences were noticeably detected. We identified 51 annotated differentially abundant fecal metabolites and 1 differentially enriched KEGG pathway between the male VPA and male control groups. Ruminococcus_2, Candidatus_Soleaferrea, Desulfovibrio, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Intestinimonas, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, [Eubacterium]_brachy_group and [Bacteroides]_pectinophilus_group were the characteristic genera of male VPA rats. Between the female VPA and female control groups, 124 annotated differentially abundant fecal metabolites were identified without differentially enriched KEGG pathways. Ruminiclostridium, Acetatifactor, Desulfovibrio, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group and Candidatus_Saccharimonas were the characteristic genera of female VPA rats. Correlation analysis revealed a tight relationship between the GM and fecal metabolites in VPA rats of both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, alterations in the GM and fecal metabolites in VPA rats showed sex-specific differences. The therapy for ASD might be different between sexes in the future.

Corrigendum to "Clinical Characteristics of Visual Dysfunction in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/9537360.].

Clinical Characteristics of Visual Dysfunction in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of visual dysfunction in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. METHODS: A total of 436 patients with CO poisoning were enrolled in our hospital from October 2012 to December 2018, including 193 patients with moderate poisoning (MP group), 165 with severe poisoning (SP group), and 78 with delayed encephalopathy (DE group). The clinical characteristics of visual dysfunction in patients with CO poisoning were analyzed through the collection of medical history, regular physical examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ophthalmological examination, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), and its influencing factors. RESULTS: Some patients in the three groups had visual dysfunction. The main ocular symptoms were local pain, eye movement disorder, and visual field defect. The key pathological factors were keratopathy, retinal nerve cell damage, optic nerve damage, retinal vascular disease, macular disease, and occipital visual center damage. The clinical symptoms of visual dysfunction after CO poisoning lasted for a long time (>12 months) and were not completely consistent with the positive results of the ophthalmological examination. A few sequelae of ophthalmology were still left after the help of medicine. CONCLUSION: The incidence of visual dysfunction in patients with CO poisoning was high, the clinical symptoms were rich and diverse, the duration of disease was long, and the prognosis was poor. Thus, the relevant ophthalmological examination and intervention treatment should be perfected as soon as possible.

The NGF point-injection for treatment of the sound-perceiving nerve deafness and tinnitus in 68 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of the point-injection with nerve growth factor (NGF) for the sound-perceiving nerve deafness and tinnitus. METHODS: The 140 cases in this series were randomly divided into a treatment group of 68 cases treated by NGF injection at the points of Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12), and a control group of 72 cases orally taking Xibiling and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and intramuscular injection with VB1 and VB12. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 78.6% in the treatment group and 31.8% in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For treating nervous deafness and tinnitus, NGF point-injection may show good therapeutic effects, but inversely proportional to the illness course, age and the extent of hypoacusis.

Microfluidic preparation of flexible micro-grippers with precise delivery function.

We used microfluidic technology for preparing gas-liquid Janus emulsions; we firstly proposed a one-step preparation method of micro-grippers and then characterized the function of oriented and precise delivery behavior. Because of the enrichment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the micro-gripper can reach a speed of 1.5 mm s-1 driven by a magnetic field. The micro-gripper's body is made of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel, a reversible temperature-responsive polymer. The thermo-sensitivity of hydrogels offers the function of grasping, to closely integrate with the target carried, ensuring the stability of the carrying process. The reversible variation of the hydrogel allows the micro-gripper to be reusable and have a long shelf life.

Soluble expression and characterization of a GFP-fused pea actin isoform (PEAc1).

A pea actin isoform PEAc1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion to its C-terminus and His-tag to its N-terminus, was expressed in prokaryotic cells in soluble form, and highly purified with Ni-Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow column. The purified fusion protein (PEAc1-GFP) efficiently inhibited DNase I activities before polymerization, and activated the myosin Mg-ATPase activities after polymerization. The PEAc1-GFP also polymerized into green fluorescent filamentous structures with a critical concentration of 0.75 uM. These filamentous structures were labeled by TRITC-phalloidin, a specific agent for staining actin microfilaments, and identified as having 9 nm diameters by negative staining. These results indicated that PEAc1 preserved the essential characteristics of actin even with His-tag and GFP fusion, suggesting a promising potential to use GFP fusion protein in obtaining soluble plant actin isoform to analyze its physical and biochemical properties in vitro. The PEAc1-GFP was also expressed in tobacco BY2 cells, which offers a new pathway for further studying its distribution and function in vivo.

[WEIDA LMW-1000 magnetic resonance imaging system communication with Windows 98 computer].

This paper introuduces two ways of WEIDA LMW-1000 Magnetic Resonance Imaging System's communication with Windows 98 computer. It has a practical value to the improvement of the system's operation interface.

[Factors affecting the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper urinary tract stones. METHODS: Between January 2003 and January 2006, 366 patients with upper urinary tract stone underwent ESWL, and the results were identified by regular KUB/IVU or ultrasonography and evaluated 3 months after the treatment. The treatment success was defined as complete clearance of the stones without residual fragments. The stone-free rate was analyzed in relation to the stone features and the patients' clinical characteristics, and the factors identified to significant affect the results were further analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Three months after the treatment, the overall stone-free (success) rate was 63.4% (232/366) in these patients. Chi square test and t test identified the disease course, stone length and width as the factors with significant impact on the stone-free rate. Multivariate analysis excluded the disease course and stone width from the logistic regression model, and identified the stone length as the independent factor affecting the outcome of ESWL. CONCLUSION: The stone length is an independent factor influencing the efficacy of ESWL for upper urinary tract stones.

25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system in the surgical management of children with posterior capsular opacification.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) system in the surgical management of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in pseudophakic children. METHODS: Pars plana membranectomy was performed for PCO in 10 pseudophakic eyes of six children (mean age 35.1 +/- 37.8 months; range 6-93 months) using the TSV system. Surgical technique, intraoperative problems and postoperative complications including wound leakage, hypotony and the need for suturing were recorded. RESULTS: Wound leakage and other intraoperative problems were not noted in any of the eyes. All eyes showed improvement of visual acuity from a mean of 6/67 before to 6/29 after surgery (P = 0.001). Mean postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 7.8 +/- 3.1 mmHg (range: 3-10 mmHg). Four eyes (40%) had hypotony on the first postoperative day (IOP: 3-5 mmHg), which was transient in three eyes. One eye in a patient with uveitis had persistent hypotony, but hypotony was also present preoperatively, and the postoperative IOP returned to preoperative levels. This eye also developed recurrent PCO and a second capsulotomy was performed using the 25-gauge TSV system. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior capsulotomy using the 25-gauge TSV system appears to be a safe and effective approach in the management of PCO in pseudophakic children. Advantages include easier manipulation with the smaller instruments in these small eyes, and it can be considered in appropriate cases.