Study on modified shengmai yin injection for prevention and treatment of brain impairment in endotoxin shock rats.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. METHODS: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. RESULTS: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. CONCLUSION: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxin-induced shock.

[Study of effects of copper deficiency on internal organ through a copper deficiency model in rat].

OBJECTIVE: To establish copper deficiency model in rats, and observe the damnification on internal organ of copper deficiency rats. METHODS: 27 male weanling SD rats with 5-week-old were randomized into 3 groups (n = 9), i.e., control group 1, control group2 and copper deficiency group (CuD). The rats of the control group 1 were fed commercial feed with copper level of 7.0 mg/kg, the rats of the control group 2 and the copper deficiency group were fed half-purified diet with copper level of 0.73 mg/kg. In afternoons, rats were orally perfused copper sulphate solution with copper concentration 0 (control group 1), 0.133 (control group 2) and 0 mg/ml (copper deficiency group), respectively, the volume was 1% of body weight, so theory copper level of the feed in the control group2 was 11.37 mg/kg. All of rats had free access to both food and de-ionized water. Rats were sacrificed at the end of test feeding on the 42nd day, blood was sampled for analyzing the plasma ceruloplasmin activity (PCP) and its content (PPD), and erythrocyte Cu-Zn SOD (EC Cu-Zn SOD); liver was sampled for analyzing the content of Metallothionein (MT), and liver copper (LC). The organic tissues of kidney, brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung and testes are sampled for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: The PCP and EC Cu-Zn SOD, PPD, LC and LMT of rats in copper deficiency group was significantly lower than those of rats in control group1 and control group2 (except EC Cu-Zn SOD) (P < 0.01). The cardiac muscle fibers of a part of rats in copper deficiency group were broken and eosinophilic. The endothelial cell of a coronary artery branch was presented proliferation and swelling, subendothelial space was broadened. An arteriole in the lung was showed thickening of the wall, and presented obliteration of the lumen. No obvious pathological changes of other internal organ were found. CONCLUSION: Copper deficiency model in rats is successfully established after rats ingesting diet of low copper for 42 days. Slightly pathologic changes in the cardiovascular tissues of part of rats in copper deficiency groups are observed.

[Study on the reperfusion rate of acute myocardial infarction affected by inspiring nitric oxide and resolving thrombus intravenously before admission].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the reperfusion rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) affected by inspiring nitric oxide (NO) and resolving thrombus through veins. METHODS: Sixty cases with AMI were randomly divided into test group (n=30) and control groups (n=30). Patients in test group were cured with NO (20+/-1)mg/L inspiration for 30 minutes at once before admission and urokinase (150x10(4) U) adding 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously injected within 30 minutes, while patients in control were treated with urokinase as the same method of the test group. RESULTS: The reperfusion and non-reperfusion patients were 25 and 5 cases in test group, and they were 19 and 11 cases in control group. The reperfusion rate of AMI in test group was significantly higher than that in control group 83.3% vs. 63.3% (P<0.05). No peak periods of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) appeared in test group, and the difference was significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NO inspiration before urokinase is an effective method to treat AMI and advance the reperfusion rate.

[Effectiveness of urokinase used in combination with batroxobin (DF-521) in rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to use urokinase (UK) in combination with batroxobin in thrombolytic therapy so as to see whether batroxobin(DF-521) would be effective for neuroprotection. METHODS: The model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male SD rats was established. 120 rats were randomized into 9 groups, namely control group, sham control group, and groups that were treated with batroxobin and urokinase together or separately. Each group comprised 15 rats. Intracranial bleeding, infarct volume ratio and neurological function were observed. RESULTS: Intracranial bleeding was found in 5 rats of the UK 5000 U/kg group, in 4 rats of the UK 5000 U/kg (2 h) + DF-521 5 BU/kg (2 h) group, and in only 1 rat of the UK 5000 U/kg (2 h) + DF-521 5 BU/kg (1 h) group. Cerebral infarct volume ratio was obviously reduced in 5 BU/kg batroxobin group. No difference was observed in neurological deficit scores. CONCLUSION: 5000 U/kg urokinase increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in rat MCAO model. Batroxobin either used separately or in combination with urokinase would not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in rat MCAO model.

[An investigation into the Jin xiao fang (Prescriptions of Instant Effect), a lost recipe book of the Tang Dynasty].

Altogether 141 prescriptions in the Jin xiao fang (Prescriptions of Instant Effect), a lost recipe book of the Tang Dynasty are cited in the Wai tai mi yao (Medical Secrets of An Official). Based on the analysis of these citations, it can be sure that the Jin xiao fang was written by Li Jian-yi of the Tang Dynasty, and completed around 724 to 733. These cited prescriptions are related to the clinical subjects, with complicate origins, for example, physicians and scholars. It is characterized by its "xiao yan (efficacy)".