Is Ancient Medical Treatment an Option for Curating Osteosarcoma Combined with Chemotherapy? A Basic Analysis of Clinic Pharmacy.

BACKGROUND: As a malignant tumor, osteosarcoma (OS) ranks first place among adolescent cancers and is susceptible to developing resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Differently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has multiple pharmacodynamic targets and complex biological components, which can inhibit tumor survival and drug resistance and gradually play an important role in the treatment of sarcoma. METHODS: This study is to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of TCM combined with chemotherapy performed in the clinical treatment of OS. Based on multiple mainstream databases, eleven articles on the relationship between natural products and chemotherapy involving 656 patients were selected from all the literature published as of June 2022. Revman 5.4 software was used for a comprehensive search analysis, supplemented by established exclusion criteria, the Jadad scale, and the evaluation methods provided by Cochrane. RESULTS: The efficiency of TCM combined with chemotherapy was significantly increased compared with chemical drugs alone [OR=2.56, 95% CI (1.36,4.79), Z=2.92, P=0.003]. Meanwhile, the adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, hepatotoxicity, and hematological changes caused by chemical drugs were alleviated correspondingly. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the mode of TCM combined with chemotherapy sheds light on the clinical treatment of OS, which is much better than the one-way mode.

[Preparation of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Modified Composite Nanofiltration Membrane and Application in Salts Separation].

In recent years, water resources are in short supply and seriously polluted. Increasingly more attention has been paid to the process of salt separation. The surface of the nanofiltration (NF) membrane is usually charged and can selectively allow the permeation of different ions. Based on the different charges on the NF membrane surface, in order to achieve a good separation of salt, the prepared graphene oxide with the sulfonic acid group was introduced into NF membrane material. Additionally, the SGO modified composite NF membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization. Zeta potential analysis showed that the charge on the surface of the prepared NF membrane was more negative than that of the NF membrane without SGO. The peak of the ester group in the FT-IR analysis indicated that the sulfonate group was involved in the polymerization reaction. A Turing structure present on the surface of the membrane was evident through SEM pictures of the membrane surface. At a pressure of 0.2 MPa, the pure water flux can reach 45.85 L·(m2·h)-1. The rejection of Na2SO4 was 98.23%, while that of NaCl was 24.93%. The 10 h operation can effectively separate SO42- and Cl-, which realized the salt recycling.

Hepatoprotective effects of Solanum nigrum against ethanol-induced injury in primary hepatocytes and mice with analysis of glutathione S-transferase A1.

BACKGROUND: Solanum nigrum is a herbaceous perennial plant, which is widely used in traditional medicine systems for its antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, antitumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of S. nigrum against alcoholic liver damage in primary hepatocytes and mice, using glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (GSTA1) as an indicator. METHODS: Primary hepatocytes were obtained by the inverse perfusion method improved on Seglen two-step perfusion in situ. RESULTS: In the presence of S. nigrum aqueous extracts (100 µg/mL), no hepatocytic damage was observed in cells treated with ethanol, compared with the model group, and GSTA1 (p < 0.01) was more sensitive than alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05). Mice that received S. nigrum aqueous extracts (150 mg/kg) with ethanol showed marked attenuation of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by significant reductions of serum transaminases (p < 0.01), and variation of hepatic oxidative indices (p < 0.05) and GSTA1 (p < 0.05), compared with the model group and mice that received S. nigrum aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg). All the detection indexes were significantly different (p < 0.01) from those of the model group, and the protective effects were almost the same as that of the positive drug group. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that S. nigrum has hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced injury both in vitro and in vivo, and can protect the integrity of hepatocytes and thus reduce the release of liver GSTA1, which contributes to improved liver detoxification.

Shielding membrane surface carboxyl groups by covalent-binding graphene oxide to improve anti-fouling property and the simultaneous promotion of flux.

Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent material for membrane surface modification. However, little is known about how and to what extent surface functional groups change after GO modification influence membrane anti-fouling properties. Carboxyl is an inherent functional group on polyamide or other similar membranes. Multivalent cations in wastewater secondary effluent can bridge with carboxyls on membrane surfaces and organic foulants, resulting in serious membrane fouling. In this study, carboxyls of a polydopamine (pDA)/1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) active layer are shielded by covalently-bound GO. The process is mediated by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). For GO containing low quantities of carboxyls, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential analyzer test results reveal that the carboxyl density decreased by 52.3% compare to the pDA/TMC membrane after GO modification. Fouling experiments shows that the flux only slightly declines in the GO functionalized membrane (19.0%), compared with the pDA/TMC membrane (36.0%) after fouling. In addition, during GO modification process the pDA/TMC active layer also become harder and thinner with the aid of EDC/NHS. So the pure water permeability increases from 56.3 ± 18.2 to 103.7 ± 12.0 LMH/MPa. Our results provide new insights for membrane modification work in water treatment and other related fields.