[Network correlation of circRNA-miRNA and the possible regulatory mechanism in acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: Using microarray technology, to research characteristic circRNA and miRNA expression profile of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and then explore the role of these circRNA and miRNA in gene regulation. The aim is to explore the mechanism of development of AMI. Methods: The patients hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between November 2016 and January 2017 were included and divided into control group and AMI group according to diagnostic criteria. We collected their whole blood and extracted the total RNA, and the expression profiles of circRNA and microRNA genes in peripheral blood of AMI were analyzed by gene chip. We predicted circRNA which was possible to combine with miRNA, and drew a network diagram, and the differentially expressed circRNA was analyzed by GO and Pathway. Results: There was difference in circRNA expression profile between the control group and the AMI group. The results showed: (1) a total of 1 670 circRNA had differential expressions, and in the analysis of miRNA expression, 13 miRNA had differential expressions (P<0.05, fc≥2); (2) multiple circRNAs-miRNAs were involved in the occurrence of AMI; (3) the analysis of GO and Pathway for differentially expressed circRNAs showed that many pathways, disease and function participated in it. Conclusion: CircRNA, as an important post transcriptional regulator, is closely related to the development of AMI with miRNA.

Influence of MiR-154 on myocardial apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-154 on myocardial apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to analyze whether Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was involved in the regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of AMI was established via ligation of left anterior descending artery. Rats were randomly divided into model group (M group, n=12) and ICG-001 intervention group (I group, n=12). At the same time, sham operation group (S group, n=12) was established. In I group, ICG-001 (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected every day after operation. Meanwhile, an equal amount of normal saline was injected in rats of S group and M group. 21 d after operation, the cardiac function of rats in each group was detected via echocardiography. After that, the rats were immediately executed. MI area in each group was detected via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial apoptosis level in each group was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Moreover, the changes of apoptotic proteins in rat myocardial cells were detected via Western blotting. Moreover, the expression level of miR-154 in myocardial cells of rats was detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, the influence of miR-154 on Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was detected via Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with S group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS, %) were significantly decreased in M group (p<0.01). However, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDs) were significantly increased (p<0.01). In I group, LVEF (%) and LVFS (%) were significantly higher than those of M group (p<0.05), whereas LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly lower (p<0.05). MI area in M group was remarkably larger than that of S group (p<0.01). Meanwhile, MI area in I group was significantly smaller than that of M group (p<0.01). Compared with S group, the number of apoptotic myocardial cells and the protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in M group (p<0.01). However, the expression level of B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bcl-2/Bax) was significantly decreased (p<0.01). The number of apoptotic myocardial cells and the protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 were significantly declined in I group when compared with those of M group (p<0.01). However, the expression level of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly increased in I group (p<0.01). The expression level of miR-154 in myocardial cells of M group and I group was remarkably increased when compared with that of S group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the expression levels of ß-catenin and Cyclin D1 in myocardial cells of M group were remarkably higher than those of S group and I group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AMI significantly increases the expression level of miR-154. Moreover, miR-154 can activate Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, eventually promoting myocardial apoptosis.

Controlled formation of volatile components in cider making using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora valbyensis yeast species.

The effect of pure and mixed fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora valbyensis on the formation of major volatile components in cider was investigated. When the interaction between yeast strains of S. cerevisiae and H. valbyensis was studied, it was found that the two strains each affected the cell growth of the other upon inoculation of S. cerevisiae during growth of H. valbyensis. The effects of pure and mixed cultures of S. cerevisiae and H. valbyensis on alcohol fermentation and major volatile compound formation in cider were assessed. S. cerevisiae showed a conversion of sugar to alcohol of 11.5%, while H. valbyensis produced alcohol with a conversion not exceeding 6%. Higher concentrations of ethyl acetate and phenethyl acetate were obtained with H. valbyensis, and higher concentrations of isoamyl alcohol and isobutyl were formed by S. cerevisiae. Consequently, a combination of these two yeast species in sequential fermentation was used to increase the concentration of ethyl esters by 7.41-20.96%, and to decrease the alcohol concentration by 25.06-51.38%. Efficient control of the formation of volatile compounds was achieved by adjusting the inoculation time of the two yeasts.