Tirofiban for Stroke without Large or Medium-Sized Vessel Occlusion.

BACKGROUND: The effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke but who have no evidence of complete occlusion of large or medium-sized vessels have not been extensively studied. METHODS: In a multicenter trial in China, we enrolled patients with ischemic stroke without occlusion of large or medium-sized vessels and with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 5 or more and at least one moderately to severely weak limb. Eligible patients had any of four clinical presentations: ineligible for thrombolysis or thrombectomy and within 24 hours after the patient was last known to be well; progression of stroke symptoms 24 to 96 hours after onset; early neurologic deterioration after thrombolysis; or thrombolysis with no improvement at 4 to 24 hours. Patients were assigned to receive intravenous tirofiban (plus oral placebo) or oral aspirin (100 mg per day, plus intravenous placebo) for 2 days; all patients then received oral aspirin until day 90. The primary efficacy end point was an excellent outcome, defined as a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 90 days. Secondary end points included functional independence at 90 days and a quality-of-life score. The primary safety end points were death and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: A total of 606 patients were assigned to the tirofiban group and 571 to the aspirin group. Most patients had small infarctions that were presumed to be atherosclerotic. The percentage of patients with a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days was 29.1% with tirofiban and 22.2% with aspirin (adjusted risk ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.53, P = 0.02). Results for secondary end points were generally not consistent with the results of the primary analysis. Mortality was similar in the two groups. The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 1.0% in the tirofiban group and 0% in the aspirin group. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving heterogeneous groups of patients with stroke of recent onset or progression of stroke symptoms and nonoccluded large and medium-sized cerebral vessels, intravenous tirofiban was associated with a greater likelihood of an excellent outcome than low-dose aspirin. Incidences of intracranial hemorrhages were low but slightly higher with tirofiban. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; RESCUE BT2 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number, ChiCTR2000029502.).

Effect of collateral status on the outcomes of endovascular treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion due to large-artery atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Authors of this study aimed to evaluate the effects of collateral status on the prognostic value of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) due to large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA). METHODS: The study included 312 patients from the BASILAR (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) registry who had undergone EVT for acute BAO due to LAA and whose composite collateral scores were available. The effects of collateral status on EVT were assessed based on the composite collateral score (0-2 vs 3-5). The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3) at 90 days. RESULTS: The composite collateral score was 0-2 in 130 patients and 3-5 in 182. A good collateral status (composite collateral score 3-5) was associated with a favorable outcome (66/182 [36.3%] vs 31/130 [23.8%], adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.21, 95% CI 1.18-4.14, p = 0.014). A lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was an independent predictor of a favorable outcome in the poor collateral status group (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96, p = 0.001). In the good collateral status group, there was a significant correlation between favorable outcomes and a younger age (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p = 0.016), lower baseline NIHSS score (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.93, p < 0.001), lower proportion of diabetes mellitus (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.75, p = 0.009), and shorter procedure time (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A good collateral status was a strong prognostic factor after EVT in patients with BAO underlying LAA. A shorter procedure time was associated with favorable outcomes in patients with a good collateral status.