Calcium-binding protein OsANN1 regulates rice blast disease resistance by inactivating jasmonic acid signaling.

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant annexins are calcium- and lipid-binding proteins that have multiple functions; however, the biological roles of annexins in plant disease resistance remain unknown. Here, we report a rice annexin gene, OsANN1 (Rice annexin 1), that was induced by M. oryzae infection and negatively regulated blast disease resistance in rice. By yeast 2-hybrid screening, we found that OsANN1 interacted with a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, HAN1 ("HAN" termed "chilling" in Chinese), which has been reported to catalyze the conversion of biologically active jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the inactive form 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile. Pathogen inoculation assays revealed that HAN1 was also a negative regulator in rice blast resistance. Genetic evidence showed that OsANN1 acts upstream of HAN1. OsANN1 stabilizes HAN1 in planta, resulting in the inactivation of the endogenous biologically active JA-Ile. Taken together, our study unravels a mechanism where an OsANN1-HAN1 module impairs blast disease resistance via inactivating biologically active JA-Ile and JA signaling in rice.

Evaluation of the key ingredient from the main production areas of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) is a medicinal herb that has been generally used to treat diarrhea and jaundice. In order to comprehensively evaluate the PAC in the main production areas quality, a qualitative and quantitative method with highly effective, sensitive, and reliable was developed. The chemical compositions of PAC were analyzed, and fingerprints were established by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Then, the determination of berberine, canthin-6-one, dictamnine, γ-fagarine, and magnoflorine from PAC samples was simultaneously performed using UPLC-QQQ-MS. Furthermore, the chemical components of PAC from different regions were compared and analyzed by combining hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A total of 58 compounds were identified, including 36 alkaloids, four phenylpropanoids, seven terpenoids, four flavonoids and their glycosides, an organic acid compound, and six other components. The fingerprint results show that samples have good similarity. Meanwhile, the content of the five ingredients in different habitats is quite different. By multivariate statistical analysis, 18 batches of PAC could be divided into three categories, and 20 components were identified as differential markers of various origins. A comprehensive method of PAC quality evaluation and chemical composition difference analysis was established, which provided the scientific basis for quality evaluation and further pharmacological mechanism research.

Sub-high amylose maize starch: an ideal substrate to generate starch with lower digestibility by fermentation of Qu.

BACKGROUND: The fermentation of Qu (FQ) is a novel method to modify the properties of starch to expand its application and especially to increase the resistant starch (RS) content. Using waxy maize starch (WMS) as a fermentation substrate can increase the RS content significantly but it may be time consuming and not cost effective due to the almost negligible RS content of WMS. To solve this problem, we hypothesized that sub-high amylose starch (s-HAMS), with an amylose content close to 50% could be an ideal substrate for FQ. RESULTS: The results showed that FQ did not change the shape and the particle size of starch granules, the gelatinization peak (Tp), or the conclusion temperature (Tc), but the slowly digested starch content declined. Rapidly digested starch content fluctuated during FQ and the amylose content decreased within 36 h and then increased. Within 24h, FQ significanlty increased these values: the RS content, relative crystallinity (RC), the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022cm-1, the diffraction peak at 19.8° in X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the gelatinization onset temperature (To) increased significantly, within 24 h of FQ. However, after 24 h of fermentation, the RS content, RC, the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022 cm-1, and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Sub-high amylose starch is more suitable for FQ to produce low digestibility starch, and the increase in RS may be due to the formation of 'amylose-lipid' complexes (RS5). © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Social media and social impact assessment: Evolving methods in a shifting context.

Among many by-products of Web 2.0 come the wide range of potential image and text datasets within social media and content sharing platforms that speak of how people live, what they do, and what they care about. These datasets are imperfect and biased in many ways, but those flaws make them complementary to data derived from conventional social science methods and thus potentially useful for triangulation in complex decision-making contexts. Yet the online environment is highly mutable, and so the datasets are less reliable than censuses or other standard data types leveraged in social impact assessment. Over the past decade, we have innovated numerous methods for deploying Instagram datasets in investigating management or development alternatives. This article synthesizes work from three Canadian decision contexts - hydroelectric dam construction or removal; dyke realignment or wetland restoration; and integrating renewable energy into vineyard landscapes - to illustrate some of the methods we have applied to social impact assessment questions using Instagram that may be transferrable to other social media platforms and contexts: thematic (manual coding, machine vision, natural language processing/sentiment analysis, statistical analysis), spatial (hotspot mapping, cultural ecosystem modeling), and visual (word clouds, saliency mapping, collage). We conclude with a set of cautions and next steps for the domain.

Parmi les nombreux sous-produits du Web 2.0 figure un large éventail de données provenant d'images et de textes, de contenus de médias sociaux et de plateformes numériques, qui révèlent comment les gens vivent, ce qu'ils font et les questions qui les préoccupent. Ces ensembles de données sont imparfaits et biaisés à bien des égards, mais nombre de leurs lacunes les rendent complémentaires des informations collectées par les sciences sociales à l'aide de méthodes conventionnelles. D'où leur utilité potentielle pour la triangulation dans des contextes décisionnels complexes. Cet article synthétise le travail de trois études de cas menées au Canada pour illustrer certaines des méthodes que nous avons développées et qui pourraient être utiles à d'autres chercheurs en EIS: thématiques (codage, apprentissage automatique, analyse sémantique, association statistique), spatiales (cartographie des points chauds, modélisation du transfert des bénéfices) et visuelles (cartes de saillance, collage).

Entre los muchos subproductos de la Web 2.0 se encuentra una amplia gama de datos de imágenes y texto, contenidos en redes sociales y plataformas digitales, que hablan de cómo vive, qué hace y por qué cuestiones se preocupa la gente. Estos conjuntos de datos son imperfectos y sesgados en muchos sentidos, pero muchos de sus defectos los hacen complementarios a la información recogida por las ciencias sociales con métodos convencionales. De ahí su potencial utilidad para la triangulación en contextos complejos de toma de decisiones. Este artículo sintetiza el trabajo de tres estudios de caso llevados a cabo en Canadá para ilustrar algunos de los métodos que hemos desarrollado y pueden resultar útiles para otros investigadores en EIS: temáticos (codificación, machine learning, análisis semántico, asociación estadística), espaciales (mapeo de puntos críticos, modelización de transferencia de beneficios) y visuales (mapas de saliencia, collage).

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Laparoscopic Holmium laser Lithotripsy and Laparoscopic Bile Duct Exploration for Bile Duct Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (LHLL) has been used to treat bile duct stones with unclear outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the LHLL and laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE) efficacy and safety in treating bile duct stones. METHODS: The correlational studies were searched databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, to identify eligible studies from inception to July 2022. The dichotomous and continuous outcomes were evaluated using odds ratio (OR), risk difference (RD) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software helped in data analyses. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies with 1,890 patients, primarily from China, were included. The results indicated that operation time (WMD = - 26.94; 95% CI:(- 34.30, - 19.58); P < 0.00001), estimated blood loss (WMD = - 17.97; 95% CI: (- 22.94, - 13.00); P = 0.002), rate of residual stone (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: (0.10, 0.23); P < 0.00001), length of hospital stay (WMD = - 2.88; 95% CI:(- 3.80, - 1.96); P < 0.00001) and time to bowel function recovery (WMD = - 0.59; 95% CI: (- 0.76, - 0.41); P < 0.00001) had statistically significant differences between the two groups. In postoperative complications, biliary leakage (RD = -0.03; 95% CI: (- 0.05, -0.00); P = 0.02), infection (RD = - 0.06; 95% CI: (- 0.09,- 0.03); P < 0.00001) and Hepatic injury (RD = - 0.06; 95% CI: (- 0.11, - 0.01); P = 0.02) revealed statistically significant differences. However, no significant differences were observed in biliary damage (RD = - 0.03; 95% CI: (- 0.06, 0.00); P = 0.06) and hemobilia (RD = - 0.03; 95% CI: (- 0.06, 0.00); P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis indicated that LHLL could be more effective and safer than LBDC. However, these results should be confirmed with a larger sample size and rigorously designed randomized controlled trials.

Prognosis of the Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the prognostic factors of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (KTSCC) and to establish a prognostic nomogram of KTSCC to assist clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This study identified 3874 patients with KTSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and these patients were randomly divided into the training (70%, (n = 2711) and validation (30%, n = 1163) cohorts. Cox regression was then used to filter variables. Nomograms were then constructed based on meaningful variables. Finally, the concordance index (C-index), net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration charts, and decision-curve analysis (DCA), were used to evaluate the discrimination, accuracy and effectiveness of the model. Results: A nomogram model was established for predicting the 3-, 5-, and 8-year overall survival (OS) probabilities of patients with KTSCC. The model indicated that age, radiotherapy sequence, SEER stage, marital status, tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, radiotherapy status, race, lymph node dissection status, and sex were factors influencing the OS of patients with KTSCC. Verified by C-index, NRI, IDI, calibration curve, and DCA curve, our model has better discrimination, calibration, accuracy and net benefit compared to the AJCC system. Conclusions: This study identified the factors that affect the survival of KTSCC patients and established a prognostic nomogram that can help clinicians predict the 3-, 5-, and 8-year survival rates of KTSCC patients.

Ultrafast Response of Centimeter Scale Thin CsPbBr3 Single Crystal Film Photodetector for Optical Communication.

The photodetector (PD) is the key component to realize efficient optoelectronic conversion signal in the visible light communication (VLC) system. The response speed directly determines the bandwidth of the whole system. Metal halide perovskite is a neotype of low-cost solution processing semiconductor, with strong optical absorption, low trap density, and high carrier mobility, thus has been widely explored in photoelectric detection applications. However, previously reported perovskite polycrystalline photodetectors exhibit limited response speed due to the existence of grain boundaries. Here, an improved confined space method is developed through adjusting the heating area to control nucleation, resulting in centimeter scale fully inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 thin single crystal films (SCFs) (<40 µm). The smooth surface and high crystallinity of CsPbBr3 SCFs render admirable exciton lifetime. The planar metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector using CsPbBr3 SCF as the photosensitive layer demonstrates a limit response time of 200/300 ns and a VLC within 100-500 kHz frequency for both 365 nm and white light, which is superior to previously reported CsPbBr3 polycrystalline film and single crystal photodetectors.

Host sunflower-induced silencing of parasitism-related genes confers resistance to invading Orobanche cumana.

Orobanche cumana is a holoparasitic plant that attaches to host-plant roots and seriously reduces the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Effective control methods are lacking with only a few known sources of genetic resistance. In this study, a seed-soak agroinoculation (SSA) method was established, and recombinant tobacco rattle virus vectors were constructed to express RNA interference (RNAi) inducers to cause virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in sunflower. A host target gene HaTubulin was systemically silenced in both leaf and root tissues by the SSA-VIGS approach. Trans-species silencing of O. cumana genes were confirmed for 10 out of 11 target genes with silencing efficiency of 23.43%-92.67%. Knockdown of target OcQR1, OcCKX5, and OcWRI1 genes reduced the haustoria number, and silencing of OcEXPA6 caused further phenotypic abnormalities such as shorter tubercles and necrosis. Overexpression of OcEXPA6 caused retarded root growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The results demonstrate that these genes play an important role in the processes of O. cumana parasitism. High-throughput small RNA (sRNA) sequencing and bioinformatics analyses unveiled the distinct features of target gene-derived siRNAs in O. cumana such as siRNA transitivity, strand polarity, hotspot region, and 21/22-nt siRNA predominance, the latter of which was confirmed by Northern blot experiments. The possible RNAi mechanism is also discussed by analyzing RNAi machinery genes in O. cumana. Taken together, we established an efficient host-induced gene silencing technology for both functional genetics studies and potential control of O. cumana. The ease and effectiveness of this strategy could potentially be useful for other species provided they are amenable to SSA.

Binding of the Magnaporthe oryzae Chitinase MoChia1 by a Rice Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Allows Free Chitin to Trigger Immune Responses.

To defend against pathogens, plants have developed complex immune systems, including plasma membrane receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as chitin from fungal cell walls, and mount a defense response. Here, we identify a chitinase, MoChia1 (Magnaporthe oryzae chitinase 1), secreted by M. oryzae, a fungal pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa). MoChia1 can trigger plant defense responses, and expression of MoChia1 under an inducible promoter in rice enhances its resistance to M. oryzae MoChia1 is a functional chitinase required for M. oryzae growth and development; knocking out MoChia1 significantly reduced the virulence of the fungus, and we found that MoChia1 binds chitin to suppress the chitin-triggered plant immune response. However, the rice tetratricopeptide repeat protein OsTPR1 interacts with MoChia1 in the rice apoplast. OsTPR1 competitively binds MoChia1, thereby allowing the accumulation of free chitin and re-establishing the immune response. Overexpressing OsTPR1 in rice plants resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species during M. oryzae infection. Our data demonstrate that rice plants not only recognize MoChia1, but also use OsTPR to counteract the function of this fungal chitinase and regain immunity.

Improvement of host-induced gene silencing efficiency via polycistronic-tRNA-amiR expression for multiple target genes and characterization of RNAi mechanism in Mythimna separata.

Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) emerged as a new strategy for pest control. However, RNAi efficiency is reported to be low in Lepidoptera, which are composed of many important crop pests. To address this, we generated transgenic plants to develop HIGS effects in a maize pest, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), by targeting chitinase encoding genes. More importantly, we developed an artificial microRNA (amiR) based PTA (polycistronic-tRNA-amiR) system for silencing multiple target genes. Compared with hpRNA (hairpin RNA), transgenic expression of a PTA cassette including an amiR for the gut-specific dsRNA nuclease gene MsREase, resulted in improved knockdown efficiency and caused more pronounced developmental abnormalities in recipient insects. When target gene siRNAs were analysed after HIGS and direct dsRNA/siRNA feeding, common features such as sense polarity and siRNA hotspot regions were observed, however, they differed in siRNA transitivity and major 20-24nt siRNA species. Core RNAi genes were identified in M. separata, and biochemical activities of MsAGO2, MsSID1 and MsDcr2 were confirmed by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and dsRNA cleavage assays, respectively. Taken together, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of the RNAi mechanism in M. separata by analysis of both siRNA signatures and RNAi machinery components, and the PTA system could potentially be useful for future RNAi control of lepidopteran pests.

Spatial analysis and evaluation of medical resource allocation in China based on geographic big data.

BACKGROUND: Spatial allocation of medical resources is closely related to people's health. Thus, it is important to evaluate the abundance of medical resources regionally and explore the spatial heterogeneity of medical resource allocation. METHODS: Using medical geographic big data, this study analyzed 369 Chinese cities and constructed a medical resource evaluation model based on the grading of medical institutions using the Delphi method. It evaluated China's medical resources at three levels (economic sectors, economic zones, and provinces) and discussed their spatial clustering patterns. Geographically weighted regression was used to explore the correlations between the evaluation results and population and gross domestic product (GDP). RESULTS: The spatial heterogeneity of medical resource allocation in China was significant, and the following general regularities were observed: 1) The abundance and balance of medical resources were typically better in the east than in the west, and in coastal areas compared to inland ones. 2) The average primacy ratio of medical resources in Chinese cities by province was 2.30. The spatial distribution of medical resources in the provinces was unbalanced, showing high concentrations in the primate cities. 3) The allocation of medical resources at the provincial level in China was summarized as following a single-growth pole pattern supplemented by bipolar circular allocation and balanced allocation patterns. The agglomeration patterns of medical resources in typical cities were categorized into single-center and balanced development patterns. GDP was highly correlated to the medical evaluation results, while demographic factors showed, low correlations. Large cities and their surrounding areas exhibited obvious response characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide policy-relevant guidance for improving the spatial imbalance of medical resources, strengthening regional public health systems, and promoting government coordination efforts for medical resource allocation at different levels to improve the overall functioning of the medical and health service system and bolster its balanced and synergistic development.

A bHLH transcription activator regulates defense signaling by nucleo-cytosolic trafficking in rice.

Crosstalk between plant hormone signaling pathways is vital for controlling the immune response during pathogen invasion. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often play important but antagonistic roles in the immune responses of higher plants. Here, we identify a basic helix-loop-helix transcription activator, OsbHLH6, which confers disease resistance in rice by regulating SA and JA signaling via nucleo-cytosolic trafficking in rice (Oryza sativa). OsbHLH6 expression was upregulated during Magnaporthe oryzae infection. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsbHLH6 display increased JA responsive gene expression and enhanced disease susceptibility to the pathogen. Nucleus-localized OsbHLH6 activates JA signaling and suppresses SA signaling; however, the SA regulator OsNPR1 (Nonexpressor of PR genes 1) sequesters OsbHLH6 in the cytosol to alleviate its effect. Our data suggest that OsbHLH6 controls disease resistance by dynamically regulating SA and JA signaling.

Synthesis and insecticidal activity studies of novel phenylpyrazole derivatives containing arylimine or carbimidate moiety.

Phenylpyrazole insecticides are successful for crop protection and public hygiene by blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. A series of novel phenylpyrazoles containing arylimine or 1-methoxyaryl groups were designed and synthesized. The addition reaction of methanol to the imines 1-11 was investigated and the cayno addition products 13-15 were obtained. The compounds 1-15 were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay indicated that some compounds exhibited comparable bioactivity to fipronil against a broad spectrum of insects such as bean aphid (Aphis craccivora), mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and Oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata). Especially, the foliar contact activity against bean aphid of compound 7 at 10 µg mL-1 was 68%, the larvacidal activity against mosquito of compounds 5, 13 and 15 at 0.0025 µg mL-1 was 100%, the larvacidal activity against diamondback moth of compounds 9 and 11 at 0.05 µg mL-1 was 100%, the larvacidal activity against Oriental armyworm of compound 9 at 1 µg mL-1 was 100%. The 3-cayno moiety on pyrazole ring was essential for the high insecticidal activities against bean aphid, diamondback moth and Oriental armyworm, while the 3-carbimidate moiety on pyrazole ring was crucial to the excellent high insecticidal activities against mosquito.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.

Emotion Recognition From Multimodal Physiological Signals via Discriminative Correlation Fusion With a Temporal Alignment Mechanism.

Modeling correlations between multimodal physiological signals [e.g., canonical correlation analysis (CCA)] for emotion recognition has attracted much attention. However, existing studies rarely consider the neural nature of emotional responses within physiological signals. Furthermore, during fusion space construction, the CCA method maximizes only the correlations between different modalities and neglects the discriminative information of different emotional states. Most importantly, temporal mismatches between different neural activities are often ignored; therefore, the theoretical assumptions that multimodal data should be aligned in time and space before fusion are not fulfilled. To address these issues, we propose a discriminative correlation fusion method coupled with a temporal alignment mechanism for multimodal physiological signals. We first use neural signal analysis techniques to construct neural representations of the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). respectively. Then, emotion class labels are introduced in CCA to obtain more discriminative fusion representations from multimodal neural responses, and the temporal alignment between the CNS and ANS is jointly optimized with a fusion procedure that applies the Bayesian algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the emotion recognition performance. Additionally, we show that this fusion method can model the underlying mechanisms in human nervous systems during emotional responses, and our results are consistent with prior findings. This study may guide a new approach for exploring human cognitive function based on physiological signals at different time scales and promote the development of computational intelligence and harmonious human-computer interactions.

The Role of Cuproptosis Key Factor FDX1 in Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, both domestically and internationally. It has high incidence and mortality rates, posing a significant threat to human health. The levels of blood copper are elevated in patients with gastric cancer. However, the exact relationship between copper overload and the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the Cuproptosis-related factor FDX1 in the conversion of gastric cancer to a malignant phenotype. METHODS: Firstly, the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of FDX1 in gastric cancer were detected. Secondly, lentiviral transfection of gastric cancer cell lines was performed, and the effects of FDX1 functional intervention on the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, EdU proliferation, cell scratch and Transwell assays. Thirdly, the differential alteration of genes after overexpression of FDX1 was also analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Finally, we assessed the tumour-forming capacity in vivo by the xenograft model. RESULTS: FDX1 is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. The inhibition of FDX1 function results in the suppression of malignant phenotypic transformation in gastric cancer cells. Conversely, overexpression of FDX1 function leads to alterations in tumor-related signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION: FDX1 plays a significant role in the malignant phenotypic transformation of gastric cancer cells. Further investigation into the regulatory mechanism of FDX1 in the malignant transformation of gastric cancer will enhance our understanding of the involvement of Cuproptosis in gastric cancer.

[Identification of banana ADA1 gene family members and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses].

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.

TET2-STAT3-CXCL5 nexus promotes neutrophil lipid transfer to fuel lung adeno-to-squamous transition.

Phenotypic plasticity is a rising cancer hallmark, and lung adeno-to-squamous transition (AST) triggered by LKB1 inactivation is significantly associated with drug resistance. Mechanistic insights into AST are urgently needed to identify therapeutic vulnerability in LKB1-deficient lung cancer. Here, we find that ten-eleven translocation (TET)-mediated DNA demethylation is elevated during AST in KrasLSL-G12D/+; Lkb1L/L (KL) mice, and knockout of individual Tet genes reveals that Tet2 is required for squamous transition. TET2 promotes neutrophil infiltration through STAT3-mediated CXCL5 expression. Targeting the STAT3-CXCL5 nexus effectively inhibits squamous transition through reducing neutrophil infiltration. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils are laden with triglycerides and can transfer the lipid to tumor cells to promote cell proliferation and squamous transition. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis dramatically inhibits neutrophil-to-cancer cell lipid transfer and blocks squamous transition. These data uncover an epigenetic mechanism orchestrating phenotypic plasticity through regulating immune microenvironment and metabolic communication, and identify therapeutic strategies to inhibit AST.

The diagnostic or prognostic values of FADD in cancers based on pan­cancer analysis.

Previous studies have determined that aberrant expression of the fas-associated death domain (FADD) contributes to the development of cancer. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been reported to explore the relationship between FADD and various cancers. Multiple databases were screened to identify cancer datasets for the present study and to validate the expression of FADD in various tumors. The association of FADD alteration with cancer prognosis, clinical features and tumor immunity was also evaluated. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized to confirm the expression of FADD in breast, colon, liver and gastric cancer cells. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that FADD was highly expressed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and prostate adenocarcinoma, whereas RT-qPCR results revealed that FADD was highly expressed in breast cancer and colon cancer. Further analyses demonstrated that FADD expression was significantly altered in ESCA, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), lung squamous cell carcinoma and BRCA. FADD expression was observed to be a risk factor of the overall survival in patients with HNSC, LIHC and LUAD as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The results of the present study demonstrated that FADD is highly expressed in numerous malignancies and can be utilized as a biomarker for the diagnosis of BRCA, COAD, LIHC and stomach adenocarcinoma. Moreover, FADD expression is a predictive risk factor for the development of HNSC, LIHC and LUAD and can potentially be used as a prognostic marker for these cancers.

The Functions and Mechanisms of Long Non-coding RNA SNHGs in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite significant advancements in surgical and adjuvant treatments, patient prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that lack protein-coding capacity but can participate in various mechanisms of tumor malignancy. Among them, small nucleolar host genes (SNHGs) represent a subgroup of lncRNAs. Studies have revealed their involvement not only in gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis but also in chemotherapy resistance and tumor stemness. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance of SNHGs in gastric cancer. It provides novel insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the exploration of gastric cancer.