RESUMEN
An association between high serum calcium/phosphate and cardiovascular events or death is well-established. However, a mechanistic explanation of this correlation is lacking. Here, we examined the role of calciprotein particles (CPPs), nanoscale bodies forming in the human blood upon its supersaturation with calcium and phosphate, in cardiovascular disease. The serum of patients with coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease displayed an increased propensity to form CPPs in combination with elevated ionised calcium as well as reduced albumin levels, altogether indicative of reduced Ca2+-binding capacity. Intravenous administration of CPPs to normolipidemic and normotensive Wistar rats provoked intimal hyperplasia and adventitial/perivascular inflammation in both balloon-injured and intact aortas in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Upon the addition to primary human arterial endothelial cells, CPPs induced lysosome-dependent cell death, promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, stimulated leukocyte adhesion, and triggered endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We concluded that CPPs, which are formed in the blood as a result of altered mineral homeostasis, cause endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, thereby contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Asunto(s)
Angina de Pecho/fisiopatología , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Cloruro de Calcio/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/fisiopatología , Células Endoteliales/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Fosfatos/sangre , Angina de Pecho/sangre , Angina de Pecho/genética , Animales , Aorta/metabolismo , Aorta/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/sangre , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Cloruro de Calcio/química , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Muerte Celular , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Floculación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inflamación , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/metabolismo , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Leucocitos/patología , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Lisosomas/patología , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Fosfatos/química , Cultivo Primario de Células , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/genética , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Túnica Íntima/metabolismo , Túnica Íntima/patología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Quick label-free virus screening and highly sensitive analytical tools/techniques are becoming extremely important in a pandemic. In this study, we developed a biosensing device based on the silicon nanoribbon multichannel and dielectrophoretic controlled sensors functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies for the use as a platform for the detection and studding of properties of viruses and their protein components. Replicatively defective viral particles based on vesicular stomatitis viruses and HIV-1 were used as carrier molecules to deliver the target SARS-CoV-2 spike S-proteins to sensory elements. It was shown that fully CMOS-compatible nanoribbon sensors have the subattomolar sensitivity and dynamic range of 4 orders. Specific interaction between S-proteins and antibodies leads to the accumulation of the negative charge on the sensor surface. Nonspecific interactions of the viral particles lead to the positive charge accumulation. It was shown that dielectrophoretic controlled sensors allow to estimate the effective charge of the single virus at the sensor surface and separate it from the charge associated with the binding of target proteins with the sensor surface.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , COVID-19 , Nanotubos de Carbono , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Pandemias , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
Calcium phosphate bions (CPB) are biomimetic mineralo-organic nanoparticles which represent a physiological mechanism regulating the function, transport and disposal of calcium and phosphorus in the human body. We hypothesised that CPB may be pathogenic entities and even a cause of cardiovascular calcification. Here we revealed that CPB isolated from calcified atherosclerotic plaques and artificially synthesised CPB are morphologically and chemically indistinguishable entities. Their formation is accelerated along with the increase in calcium salts-phosphates/serum concentration ratio. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that pathogenic effects of CPB are defined by apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not by direct tissue calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins. Since the factors underlying the formation of CPB and their pathogenic mechanism closely resemble those responsible for atherosclerosis development, further research in this direction may help us to uncover triggers of this disease.