RESUMEN
MicroRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression and have been extensively studied in plants and animals; however, few reports have been published in mushrooms. Po-MilR-1 is a novel microRNA with a length of 22 bp in Pleurotus ostreatus. The secondary structures of five precursors and the target genes of Po-MilR-1 were predicted. Expression profile analysis showed Po-MilR-1 had specific expression in the primordium and fruiting body. To explore its physiological function, Po-MilR-1 was overexpressed in P. ostreatus. The transformants showed slow mycelium growth rate and abnormal pileus with irregular edge, which suggested Po-MilR-1 plays an important role in P. ostreatus development. Additionally, Po-MilR-1 and one of its target hydrophobin genes POH1 had opposite temporal expression profiles in the primordium and fruiting body, which revealed that Po-MilR-1 may perform its physiological function through the negative regulation of POH1. This study explored the development-related function of a mushroom microRNA and will provide a reference for other microRNAs.