Ethylene signaling modulates air humidity responses in plants.

Air humidity significantly impacts plant physiology. However, the upstream elements that mediate humidity sensing and adaptive responses in plants remain largely unexplored. In this study, we define high humidity-induced cellular features of Arabidopsis plants and take a quantitative phosphoproteomics approach to obtain a high humidity-responsive landscape of membrane proteins, which we reason are likely the early checkpoints of humidity signaling. We found that a brief high humidity exposure (i.e., 0.5 h) is sufficient to trigger extensive changes in membrane protein abundance and phosphorylation. Enrichment analysis of differentially regulated proteins reveals high humidity-sensitive processes such as 'transmembrane transport', 'response to abscisic acid', and 'stomatal movement'. We further performed a targeted screen of mutants, in which high humidity-responsive pathways/proteins are disabled, to uncover genes mediating high humidity sensitivity. Interestingly, ethylene pathway mutants (i.e., ein2 and ein3eil1) display a range of altered responses, including hyponasty, reactive oxygen species level, and responsive gene expression, to high humidity. Furthermore, we observed a rapid induction of ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene evolution after high humidity treatment. Our study sheds light on the potential early signaling events in humidity perception, a fundamental but understudied question in plant biology, and reveals ethylene as a key modulator of high humidity responses in plants.

TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the effects of Jiawei Danshen decoction myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Every year, approximately 17 million people worldwide die due to coronary heart disease, with China ranking second in terms of the death toll. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) significantly influences cardiac function and prognosis in cardiac surgery patients. Jiawei Danshen Decoction (JWDSD) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that has been used clinically for many years in China to treat MIRI. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remain unknown. To investigate the proteomic changes in myocardial tissue of rats given JWDSD for MIRI therapy-based proteomics. METHODS: MIRI rat model was created by ligating/releasing the left anterior descending coronary artery. For seven days, the drugs were administered twice daily. The model was created following the last drug administration. JWDSD's efficacy in improving MIRI was evaluated using biochemical markers and cardiac histology. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics (TMT) technology was also used to detect proteins in the extracted heart tissue. To analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, were employed. Furthermore, western blotting confirmed the potential targets regulated by JWDSD. RESULTS: The histopathologic characteristics and biochemical data showed JWDSD's protective effects on MIRI rats. A total of 4549 proteins were identified with FDR (false discovery rate) ≤1%. Twenty overlapping were identified (162 DEPs and 45 DEPs in Model/Control or JWDSD/Model group, respectively). Of these DEPs, 16 were regulated by JWDSD. GO analysis provided a summary of the deregulated protein expression in the categories of biological process (BP), cell component (CC), and molecular function (MF). KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the signaling pathways of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, RNA polymerase, serotonergic synapse, and linoleic acid metabolism are all closely related to JWDSD effects in MIRI rats. Furthermore, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) was validated using western blotting, and the results were consistent with proteomics data. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that JWDSD may exert therapeutic effects through multi-pathways regulation in MIRI treatment. This work may provide proteomics clues for continuing research on JWDSD in treating MIRI.

The impact of total factor mobility on rural-urban symbiosis: Evidence from 27 Chinese provinces.

The rational flow and optimal allocation of urban and rural factors is the key to solving the problem of unbalanced and insufficient urban and rural development. This study draws on the theory of ecological symbiosis to examine the mechanism of factor flow and urban-rural symbiosis. It analyzes panel data from 27 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions between 2010 and 2020 to empirically demonstrate the influence of labor, capital, technology, and land mobility on urban-rural symbiosis. The study found that: (1) The relationship between the total factor flow and urban-rural symbiosis is U-shaped nonlinear, and the time when cities feed the development of rural areas has come; (2) The impact of labor factor flow on urban-rural symbiosis exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship, the impact of capital factor flow displays a positive U-shaped relationship, the impact of land factor flow shows an inverted U-shaped relationship, and the impact of technical factor flow on urban-rural symbiotic development is not significant. (3) The factor flow exerts a region-oriented impact on the level of urban-rural symbiosis. In developed areas, total factor flow does not affect urban-rural symbiosis, but the level of labor flow and the urban-rural symbiosis demonstrates an inverted U-shaped relationship, the flow of technological factors has a U-shaped impact on the urban-rural symbiosis level, the flow of land factors and the urban-rural symbiosis show an inverted U-shaped relationship, and the flow of capital factors has no impact on the urban-rural symbiosis relationship. In underdeveloped areas, the impact of the total factor flow on urban-rural symbiosis shows a significantly positive U-shaped characteristic, the labor mobility level and urban-rural symbiosis show an inverted U-shaped relationship, the flow of capital factors has a U-shaped impact on the urban-rural symbiosis level, and the flow of lands and technology does not have a remarkable impact on urban-rural symbiosis in underdeveloped areas.

[Effects of Biochar and Soil Conditioner on Coastal Barren Saline-alkali Soil].

This study aimed to quantify the biological improvement and availability from a soil amendment substance for barren severe saline-alkali soils. A field experiment was conducted to apply biochar (B) and soil conditioner (C) rich in humic substances to pioneer crops and oil sunflower planted in the coastal barren severe saline-alkali area of the North China Low Plain. The six treatments included single or combined application of two-level biochar rates (0 and 1.25 kg·m-2) and three-level soil conditioner rates (0, 0.83, and 1.66 kg·m-2) at the start of the experiment. Soil samples were collected at 30 cm per layer and sampling from 0 to 90 cm after the oil was collected. The results revealed that the application of biochar increased the saline concentration of the 0-30 cm and 60-90 cm soil layers, whereas the soil conditioner significantly decreased the saline concentration of the 0-30 cm soil layers. Neither biochar nor conditioner showed a significant impact on soil pH. Biochar exhibited varying impacts on soil nutrients, that is, significantly inhibiting soil nitrification, which resulted in soil NO3--N decreasing while NH4+-N increased significantly, along with no significant impact on soil organic matter content (SOM) in the 0-90 cm soil profile. The application of soil conditioner exerted positive effects on improving SOM in the 0-30 cm layer and NO3--N in the 0-90 cm soil depth when the conditioner rate was at 1.66 kg·m-2. Either the sole application or the co-application of biomass and conditioner, along with their interaction, exhibited an increasing trend for the NH4+-N, available phosphorus (Olsen-P), and available potassium (Kex) contents, also seen in the 0-90 cm soil profile, although the increase effect for the three nutrients was primarily attributed to biochar. Soil conditioner was more effective in increasing SOM and reducing saline in the 0-30 cm soil layer. The application of a higher amount of conditioner accelerated soil nitrification, whereas biochar was applied essentially as a nitrification inhibitor. Therefore, the co-application of biochar with soil conditioner would be an effective practice for improving soil fertility, preventing soil nitrification, and deterring nitrate leaching, as well as reducing saline for topsoil, which would be a basis for developing soil amendments to control saline and a fertile soil environment for pioneer crops planted in coastal barren severe saline-alkali areas.

Digital economy, industrial structure upgrading and green total factor productivity--Evidence in textile and apparel industry from China.

According to the standard of GB/T4754-2017 Classification of National Economic Industry and the characteristics of the textile and apparel industry, the textile and apparel industry is divided into three categories: textile industry, clothing industry and chemical fiber manufacturing industry. Based on the panel data of the textile and apparel industry from 2010 to 2019, this paper measures green total factor productivity (GTFP) by using the unexpected output super efficiency SBM model and the ML index. On this basis, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital economy on the GTFP of textile and apparel industry, and the dual intermediary effects of rationalization of industrial structure and advanced industrial structure are discussed. The results show that: (1) The GTFP of the textile and apparel industry shows a fluctuating upward trend, but it is in a state of low growth. (2) Digital economy has a significant effect on promoting the GTFP. Among them, it has a positive effect on the improvement of GTFP in textile industry, but has no obvious effect on the clothing industry, and has a restraining effect on the chemical fiber manufacturing industry. (3) In the process of the impact of digital economy on GTFP, the rationalization of industrial structure has a partial intermediary effect, and the level of effect reaches 35.81%, while the advancement of industrial structure does not necessarily have a "structural dividend", and its influence on GTFP is non-linear. This paper enriches the research on the influencing factors of GTFP, and is also an effective supplement to the research on digital economy. The conclusions provide a reliable empirical basis for digital economy to help the textile and apparel industry pollution control, and also provide policy references for giving full play to the green value of digital economy.